메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 256-270

Freshwater vulnerabilities and resilience on the Seward Peninsula: Integrating multiple dimensions of landscape change

Author keywords

Arctic; Landscape change; Mapping; Resilience; Social ecological systems; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; LAND USE; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; MINING; PERMAFROST; RESILIENCE; VULNERABILITY; WATERSHED;

EID: 44149110076     PISSN: 09593780     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.01.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 44149113804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adger, W.N., Brooks, N., Kelly, P.M., Betham, G., Agnew, M., 2003. New indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Technical Report, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich (Accessed on October 14, 2006 at www.tyndall.ac.uk).
    • Adger, W.N., Brooks, N., Kelly, P.M., Betham, G., Agnew, M., 2003. New indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Technical Report, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich (Accessed on October 14, 2006 at www.tyndall.ac.uk).
  • 2
    • 44149087413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adger, W.N., Mathur, V., Dow, K., 2006. Climate vulnerability hotspots. Poverty and Vulnerability Programme Adaptation Research Workshop. Briefing Paper, Stockholm Environmental Institute.
    • Adger, W.N., Mathur, V., Dow, K., 2006. Climate vulnerability hotspots. Poverty and Vulnerability Programme Adaptation Research Workshop. Briefing Paper, Stockholm Environmental Institute.
  • 3
    • 41749103139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distancing effect of modernization on the perception of water resources in Arctic communities
    • Alessa L., Kliskey A., and Williams P. The distancing effect of modernization on the perception of water resources in Arctic communities. Polar Geography 30 (2007) 175-191
    • (2007) Polar Geography , vol.30 , pp. 175-191
    • Alessa, L.1    Kliskey, A.2    Williams, P.3
  • 4
    • 39749140325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social-ecological hotspots mapping: a spatial approach for identifying coupled social-ecological space
    • Alessa L., Kliskey A., and Brown G. Social-ecological hotspots mapping: a spatial approach for identifying coupled social-ecological space. Landscape and Urban Planning 85 (2008) 27-39
    • (2008) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.85 , pp. 27-39
    • Alessa, L.1    Kliskey, A.2    Brown, G.3
  • 5
    • 39149093956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory, water and resilience: Perception of change in freshwater resources in remote Arctic resource-dependent communities
    • Alessa L., Kliskey A., Williams P., and Barton M. Memory, water and resilience: Perception of change in freshwater resources in remote Arctic resource-dependent communities. Global Environmental Change 18 (2008) 153-164
    • (2008) Global Environmental Change , vol.18 , pp. 153-164
    • Alessa, L.1    Kliskey, A.2    Williams, P.3    Barton, M.4
  • 8
    • 44149098897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BHP Diamonds Inc., 1998. Annual Report: EKATI Diamond Mine Environmental Agreement, Yellowknife, NWT.
    • BHP Diamonds Inc., 1998. Annual Report: EKATI Diamond Mine Environmental Agreement, Yellowknife, NWT.
  • 10
    • 2542418171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of perceptions of biological values with scientific assessment of biological importance
    • Brown G., Smith C., Alessa L., and Kliskey A.D. A comparison of perceptions of biological values with scientific assessment of biological importance. Applied Geography 24 (2004) 161-180
    • (2004) Applied Geography , vol.24 , pp. 161-180
    • Brown, G.1    Smith, C.2    Alessa, L.3    Kliskey, A.D.4
  • 12
    • 44149095558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carter, K., 2005. The effects of temperature on steelhead trout, coho salmon, and chinook salmon biology and function by life stage. California Regional Water Quality Control Board, North Coast Region.
    • Carter, K., 2005. The effects of temperature on steelhead trout, coho salmon, and chinook salmon biology and function by life stage. California Regional Water Quality Control Board, North Coast Region.
  • 14
    • 0034055207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coastal sea surface temperature and coho salmon production off the north-west United States
    • Cole J. Coastal sea surface temperature and coho salmon production off the north-west United States. Fisheries Oceanography 9 (2000) 1-16
    • (2000) Fisheries Oceanography , vol.9 , pp. 1-16
    • Cole, J.1
  • 15
    • 0034527911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The general ecology of beavers (Castor spp.), as related to their influence on stream ecosystems and riparian habitats, and the subsequent effects on fish-a review
    • Collen P., and Gibson R.J. The general ecology of beavers (Castor spp.), as related to their influence on stream ecosystems and riparian habitats, and the subsequent effects on fish-a review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10 4 (2000) 439-461
    • (2000) Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 439-461
    • Collen, P.1    Gibson, R.J.2
  • 16
    • 0029956770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter habitat of selected stream fishes and potential impacts from land-use activity
    • Cunjak R.A. Winter habitat of selected stream fishes and potential impacts from land-use activity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 53 Suppl. 1 (1996) 267-282
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 267-282
    • Cunjak, R.A.1
  • 17
    • 0031685501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-stage survival of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. L
    • Cunjak R.A., and Therrien J. Inter-stage survival of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. L. Fisheries Management and Ecology 5 3 (1998) 209-223
    • (1998) Fisheries Management and Ecology , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-223
    • Cunjak, R.A.1    Therrien, J.2
  • 18
    • 33846907541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline
    • Danby R.K., and Hik D.S. Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline. Global Change Biology 13 2 (2007) 437-451
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 437-451
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 19
    • 44149124103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deacon, J.R., Stephens, V.C., 1998. Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish liver at selected sites in the upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1995-96. Water Resources Investigation Report 98-4124, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
    • Deacon, J.R., Stephens, V.C., 1998. Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish liver at selected sites in the upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1995-96. Water Resources Investigation Report 98-4124, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
  • 20
    • 0021030499 scopus 로고
    • Mapping and calibration of modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the southeastern United States
    • Delcourt P.A., Delcourt H.R., and Davidson J.L. Mapping and calibration of modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the southeastern United States. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology 39 (1983) 1-45
    • (1983) Review of Paleobotany and Palynology , vol.39 , pp. 1-45
    • Delcourt, P.A.1    Delcourt, H.R.2    Davidson, J.L.3
  • 21
    • 85015965630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eshleman, K.N., 2004. Hydrological consequences of land use change: a review of the state-of-science. In: Defries, R., Asner, G., Houghton, S. (Eds.), Ecosystems and Land Use Change, Geophysical Monograph Series 153, American Geophysical Union. Washington, DC, pp. 13-29.
    • Eshleman, K.N., 2004. Hydrological consequences of land use change: a review of the state-of-science. In: Defries, R., Asner, G., Houghton, S. (Eds.), Ecosystems and Land Use Change, Geophysical Monograph Series 153, American Geophysical Union. Washington, DC, pp. 13-29.
  • 22
    • 0034235454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SHETRAN: distributed river basin flow and transport modeling system
    • Ewen J., Parkin G., and O'Connell P.E. SHETRAN: distributed river basin flow and transport modeling system. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 5 3 (2000) 250-258
    • (2000) Journal of Hydrologic Engineering , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 250-258
    • Ewen, J.1    Parkin, G.2    O'Connell, P.E.3
  • 23
    • 0024572596 scopus 로고
    • The massive water scarcity now threatening Africa-why isn't it being addressed?
    • Falkenmark M. The massive water scarcity now threatening Africa-why isn't it being addressed?. Ambio 18 2 (1989) 112-118
    • (1989) Ambio , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 112-118
    • Falkenmark, M.1
  • 24
    • 0023528090 scopus 로고
    • The application of participatory action research in Latin America
    • Fals-Borda O. The application of participatory action research in Latin America. International Sociology 2 (1987) 329-347
    • (1987) International Sociology , vol.2 , pp. 329-347
    • Fals-Borda, O.1
  • 25
    • 0033511662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use and climate change on the Yamal Peninsula of the north-west Siberia: some ecological and socio-economic implications
    • Forbes B.C. Land use and climate change on the Yamal Peninsula of the north-west Siberia: some ecological and socio-economic implications. Polar Research 18 2 (1999) 367-373
    • (1999) Polar Research , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 367-373
    • Forbes, B.C.1
  • 26
    • 0002788266 scopus 로고
    • Participatory research in North America
    • Gaventa J. Participatory research in North America. Convergence 21 (1988) 9-28
    • (1988) Convergence , vol.21 , pp. 9-28
    • Gaventa, J.1
  • 27
    • 0023518248 scopus 로고
    • Second-order neighborhood analysis of mapped point patterns
    • Getis A., and Franklin R. Second-order neighborhood analysis of mapped point patterns. Ecology 68 3 (1987) 473-477
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 473-477
    • Getis, A.1    Franklin, R.2
  • 28
    • 0031875339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water in crisis: paths to sustainable water use
    • Gleick P.H. Water in crisis: paths to sustainable water use. Ecological Applications 8 3 (1998) 571-579
    • (1998) Ecological Applications , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 571-579
    • Gleick, P.H.1
  • 29
    • 44149124548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goldsmith, S., 2001. Economic projections for Alaska and the southern railbelt 2000-2025. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska, Anchorage.
    • Goldsmith, S., 2001. Economic projections for Alaska and the southern railbelt 2000-2025. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska, Anchorage.
  • 30
    • 44149121985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gucinski, H., Furniss, M.J., Ziemer, R.R., Brookes, M.H., 2001. Forest roads: a synthesis of scientific information. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-509, 2001, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 103pp 〈http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/road_mgt/science.pdf〉.
    • Gucinski, H., Furniss, M.J., Ziemer, R.R., Brookes, M.H., 2001. Forest roads: a synthesis of scientific information. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-509, 2001, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 103pp 〈http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/road_mgt/science.pdf〉.
  • 31
    • 0033045605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and the divide between culture and nature
    • Haila Y. Biodiversity and the divide between culture and nature. Journal Biodiversity and Conservation 8 1 (1999) 165-181
    • (1999) Journal Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-181
    • Haila, Y.1
  • 33
    • 0001953876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal evolution of small coastal gravel-bed streams: the influence of forest management on channel morphology and fish habitats
    • Klingeman P.C., Beschta R.L., Komar P.D., and Bradley J.B. (Eds), Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch (CO)
    • Hogan D.L., Bird S.A., and Hassan M.A. Spatial and temporal evolution of small coastal gravel-bed streams: the influence of forest management on channel morphology and fish habitats. In: Klingeman P.C., Beschta R.L., Komar P.D., and Bradley J.B. (Eds). Gravel Bed Rivers in the Environment (1998), Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch (CO) 365-392
    • (1998) Gravel Bed Rivers in the Environment , pp. 365-392
    • Hogan, D.L.1    Bird, S.A.2    Hassan, M.A.3
  • 34
    • 0013368832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience and adaptive cycles
    • Gunderson L.H., and Holling C.S. (Eds), Island Press, Washington
    • Holling C.S., and Gunderson L.H. Resilience and adaptive cycles. In: Gunderson L.H., and Holling C.S. (Eds). Panarchy (2002), Island Press, Washington 25-62
    • (2002) Panarchy , pp. 25-62
    • Holling, C.S.1    Gunderson, L.H.2
  • 36
    • 0026343623 scopus 로고
    • Sediment and nutrient retention by freshwater wetlands: effects on surface water quality
    • Johnston C.A. Sediment and nutrient retention by freshwater wetlands: effects on surface water quality. CRC Critical Reviews of Environmental Control 21 5-6 (1991) 491-565
    • (1991) CRC Critical Reviews of Environmental Control , vol.21 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 491-565
    • Johnston, C.A.1
  • 37
    • 0028552407 scopus 로고
    • Geomorphic and environmental effects of instream gravel mining
    • Kondolf G.M. Geomorphic and environmental effects of instream gravel mining. Landscape and Urban Planning 28 2-3 (1994) 225-243
    • (1994) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.28 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 225-243
    • Kondolf, G.M.1
  • 39
    • 44149113802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lawrence, P., Meigh, J., Sullivan, C., 2002. The Water Poverty Index: an International Comparison. Working Papers in Economics, November 1-16. 〈www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ec/web/wpapers/kerp0219.pdf〉.
    • Lawrence, P., Meigh, J., Sullivan, C., 2002. The Water Poverty Index: an International Comparison. Working Papers in Economics, November 1-16. 〈www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ec/web/wpapers/kerp0219.pdf〉.
  • 42
    • 34147164010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context and climate change: an integrated assessment for Barrow, Alaska
    • Lynch A.H., and Brunner R.D. Context and climate change: an integrated assessment for Barrow, Alaska. Climatic Change 82 1-2 (2007)
    • (2007) Climatic Change , vol.82 , Issue.1-2
    • Lynch, A.H.1    Brunner, R.D.2
  • 43
    • 44149087412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McClelland, D.E., Foltz, R.B., Wilson, W.D., Cundy, T.W., Heinemann, R., Sauerbier, J.A., Schuster, R.L., 1997. Assessment of the 1995 and 1996 floods and landslides on the Clearwater National Forest. Part I: Landslide Assessment. A Report to the Regional Forester of the Northern Region, US Forest Service, Missoula, MT.
    • McClelland, D.E., Foltz, R.B., Wilson, W.D., Cundy, T.W., Heinemann, R., Sauerbier, J.A., Schuster, R.L., 1997. Assessment of the 1995 and 1996 floods and landslides on the Clearwater National Forest. Part I: Landslide Assessment. A Report to the Regional Forester of the Northern Region, US Forest Service, Missoula, MT.
  • 44
    • 10244222768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing river discharge in the Eurasian Arctic: consideration of dams, permafrost thaw, and fires as potential agents of change
    • 10.1029/2004JD004583
    • McClelland J.W., Holmes R.M., Peterson B.J., and Stieglitz M. Increasing river discharge in the Eurasian Arctic: consideration of dams, permafrost thaw, and fires as potential agents of change. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004) D18102 10.1029/2004JD004583
    • (2004) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.109
    • McClelland, J.W.1    Holmes, R.M.2    Peterson, B.J.3    Stieglitz, M.4
  • 45
    • 0032051664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of streamflow hydrology in the Kuparuk River Basin, Arctic Alaska: a nested watershed approach
    • McNamara J.P., Kane D.L., and Hinzman L.D. An analysis of streamflow hydrology in the Kuparuk River Basin, Arctic Alaska: a nested watershed approach. Journal of Hydrology 206 (1998) 39-57
    • (1998) Journal of Hydrology , vol.206 , pp. 39-57
    • McNamara, J.P.1    Kane, D.L.2    Hinzman, L.D.3
  • 46
    • 0002424840 scopus 로고
    • Scale effects in landscape studies
    • Turner M.G. (Ed), Springer, New York, NY
    • Meentenmeyer V., and Box E.O. Scale effects in landscape studies. In: Turner M.G. (Ed). Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance (1987), Springer, New York, NY 15-34
    • (1987) Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance , pp. 15-34
    • Meentenmeyer, V.1    Box, E.O.2
  • 51
    • 34548363966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the recent warming of the permafrost in Alaska
    • Osterkamp T.E. Characteristics of the recent warming of the permafrost in Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007)
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.112
    • Osterkamp, T.E.1
  • 52
    • 0001376636 scopus 로고
    • The longitudinal distribution of riverine benthos: a river dis-continuum?
    • Perry J.A., and Schaeffer D.J. The longitudinal distribution of riverine benthos: a river dis-continuum?. Hydrobiologia 148 3 (1987) 257-268
    • (1987) Hydrobiologia , vol.148 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-268
    • Perry, J.A.1    Schaeffer, D.J.2
  • 53
    • 0000835856 scopus 로고
    • Lacunarity indices as measures of landscape texture
    • Plotnick R.E., Gardner R.H., and O'Neill R.V. Lacunarity indices as measures of landscape texture. Landscape Ecology 8 3 (1993) 201-211
    • (1993) Landscape Ecology , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 201-211
    • Plotnick, R.E.1    Gardner, R.H.2    O'Neill, R.V.3
  • 54
    • 0035063428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tributaries, sediment sources, and the longitudinal organization of macroinvertebrate fauna along river systems
    • Rice S.P., Greenwood M.T., and Joyce C.B. Tributaries, sediment sources, and the longitudinal organization of macroinvertebrate fauna along river systems. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58 (2001) 828-840
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.58 , pp. 828-840
    • Rice, S.P.1    Greenwood, M.T.2    Joyce, C.B.3
  • 55
    • 44149092927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Proshutinsky, A., Romanovsky, V., Bengtsson, L., Brigham, L., Dyurgerov, M., Gascard, J., Gerland, S., Graversen, R., Haas, C., Karcher, M., Kuhry, P., Maslanik, J., Melling, H., Maslowski, W., Morison, J., Perovich, D., Przybylak, R., Rachold, V., Rigor, L., Shiklomanov, A., Stroeve, J., Walker, D., Walsh, J., 2006. State of the Arctic Report. NOAA OAR Special Report, NOAA/OAR/PMEL, Seattle, WA, 36pp.
    • Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Proshutinsky, A., Romanovsky, V., Bengtsson, L., Brigham, L., Dyurgerov, M., Gascard, J., Gerland, S., Graversen, R., Haas, C., Karcher, M., Kuhry, P., Maslanik, J., Melling, H., Maslowski, W., Morison, J., Perovich, D., Przybylak, R., Rachold, V., Rigor, L., Shiklomanov, A., Stroeve, J., Walker, D., Walsh, J., 2006. State of the Arctic Report. NOAA OAR Special Report, NOAA/OAR/PMEL, Seattle, WA, 36pp.
  • 56
    • 0033850046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrative valuation in a policy judgment context
    • Satterfield T., Slovic P., and Gregory R. Narrative valuation in a policy judgment context. Ecological Economics 34 3 (2000) 315-331
    • (2000) Ecological Economics , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-331
    • Satterfield, T.1    Slovic, P.2    Gregory, R.3
  • 57
    • 0031933631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish recruitment, dispersal, and trophic interactions in a heterogeneous lotic environment
    • Schlosser I.J. Fish recruitment, dispersal, and trophic interactions in a heterogeneous lotic environment. Oecologia 113 2 (1998) 260-268
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.113 , Issue.2 , pp. 260-268
    • Schlosser, I.J.1
  • 58
    • 0034016937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling hydrological responses to land use and climate change: a southern African perspective
    • Schulze R.E. Modeling hydrological responses to land use and climate change: a southern African perspective. Ambio 29 (2000) 12-22
    • (2000) Ambio , vol.29 , pp. 12-22
    • Schulze, R.E.1
  • 60
    • 33947162627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of permafrost formation and degradation in relation to climate and ecosystems
    • Shur Y.L., and Jorgensen M.T. Patterns of permafrost formation and degradation in relation to climate and ecosystems. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 18 (2007) 7-19
    • (2007) Permafrost and Periglacial Processes , vol.18 , pp. 7-19
    • Shur, Y.L.1    Jorgensen, M.T.2
  • 62
    • 0000855992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground temperature monitoring and detection of climate change
    • Smith M.W., and Riseborough D.W. Ground temperature monitoring and detection of climate change. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 7 4 (1996) 301-310
    • (1996) Permafrost and Periglacial Processes , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 301-310
    • Smith, M.W.1    Riseborough, D.W.2
  • 63
    • 0033759785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and precipitation in Alaska: 50 year trend analysis
    • Stafford J.M., Wendler G., and Curtis J. Temperature and precipitation in Alaska: 50 year trend analysis. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 67 1-2 (2000) 1434-1448
    • (2000) Theoretical and Applied Climatology , vol.67 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1434-1448
    • Stafford, J.M.1    Wendler, G.2    Curtis, J.3
  • 66
    • 0141571448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Water Poverty Index: development and application at the community scale
    • Sullivan C.A., Meigh J.R., and Giacomello A.M. The Water Poverty Index: development and application at the community scale. Natural Resources Forum 27 3 (2003) 189-199
    • (2003) Natural Resources Forum , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-199
    • Sullivan, C.A.1    Meigh, J.R.2    Giacomello, A.M.3
  • 69
    • 0025590085 scopus 로고
    • Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the Northern hemisphere
    • Trenberth K.E. Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the Northern hemisphere. American Meteorological Society 71 7 (1990) 988-993
    • (1990) American Meteorological Society , vol.71 , Issue.7 , pp. 988-993
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 70
    • 0025247353 scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape patterns
    • Turner M.G. Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape patterns. Landscape Ecology 4 (1990) 21-30
    • (1990) Landscape Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 21-30
    • Turner, M.G.1
  • 71
    • 44149094601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), 2005. Annual Report.
    • United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), 2005. Annual Report.
  • 72
    • 21744459478 scopus 로고
    • Implications of spatial heterogeneity for catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems
    • Van Nes E.H., and Scheffer M. Implications of spatial heterogeneity for catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems. Ecology 86 (1995) 1797-1807
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1797-1807
    • Van Nes, E.H.1    Scheffer, M.2
  • 73
    • 0025956586 scopus 로고
    • History and pattern of disturbance in Alaskan Arctic terrestrial ecosystems: a hierarchical approach to analysing landscape change
    • Walker D., and Walker M. History and pattern of disturbance in Alaskan Arctic terrestrial ecosystems: a hierarchical approach to analysing landscape change. Journal of Applied Ecology 28 1 (1991) 244-276
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 244-276
    • Walker, D.1    Walker, M.2
  • 75
    • 0041313945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrinking thermokarst ponds and groundwater dynamics in discontinuous permafrost
    • Yoshikawa K., and Hinzman L.D. Shrinking thermokarst ponds and groundwater dynamics in discontinuous permafrost. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 14 2 (2003) 151-160
    • (2003) Permafrost and Periglacial Processes , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-160
    • Yoshikawa, K.1    Hinzman, L.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.