Omega-3 fatty acids and ventricular arrhythmias: Nothing is simple

American Heart Journal

Volumn 155, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 967-970

  Albert, Christine M ^a  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO TERMINAL PRO BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID;

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DEFIBRILLATOR; DISEASE SEVERITY; EDITORIAL; GRAFT RECIPIENT; HEART ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART PROARRHYTHMIA; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEART VENTRICLE CONDUCTION; HUMAN; LIPID MEMBRANE; NONHUMAN; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QRS COMPLEX; REVASCULARIZATION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SUPPLEMENTATION;

ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; ERYTHROCYTES; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; HUMANS; MYOCARDIUM; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 44149091884     PISSN: 00028703     EISSN: 10976744     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.02.001     Document Type: Editorial

References (47)

1. Zheng Z.J., Croft J.B., Giles W.H., et al. Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation 104 (2001) 2158-2163
2. Kannel W.B., and Schatzkin A. Sudden death: lessons from subsets in population studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 5 6 Suppl (1985) 141B-149B
3. Josephson M., and Wellens H.J. Implantable defibrillators and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 109 (2004) 2685-2691
4. Albert C.M., Campos H., Stampfer M.J., et al. Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 1113-1118
5. Siscovick D.S., Raghunathan T.E., King I., et al. Dietary intake and cell membrane levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. JAMA 274 (1995) 1363-1367
6. von Schacky C., and Harris W.S. Cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. Cardiovasc Res 73 (2007) 310-315
7. Harris W.S., Sands S.A., Windsor S.L., et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac biopsies from heart transplantation patients: correlation with erythrocytes and response to supplementation. Circulation 110 (2004) 1645-1649
8. Albert C.M., Hennekens C.H., O'Donnell C.J., et al. Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death. JAMA 279 (1998) 23-28
9. Mozaffarian D., Ascherio A., Hu F.B., et al. Interplay between different polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Circulation 111 (2005) 157-164
10. Mozaffarian D., Lemaitre R.N., Kuller L.H., et al. Cardiac benefits of fish consumption may depend on the type of fish meal consumed: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 107 (2003) 1372-1377
11. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 354 (1999) 447-455
12. Kris-Etherton P.M., Harris W.S., and Appel L.J. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 106 (2002) 2747-2757
13. Kris-Etherton P.M., Harris W.S., and Appel L.J. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: new recommendations from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 (2003) 151-152
14. Smith Jr. S.C., Allen J., Blair S.N., et al. AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Circulation 113 (2006) 2363-2372
15. Leaf A., Kang J.X., Xiao Y.F., et al. Clinical prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanism of prevention of arrhythmias by n-3 fish oils. Circulation 107 (2003) 2646-2652
16. Raitt M.H., Connor W.E., Morris C., et al. Fish oil supplementation and risk of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in patients with implantable defibrillators: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 293 (2005) 2884-2891
17. Leaf A., Albert C.M., Josephson M., et al. Prevention of fatal arrhythmias in high-risk subjects by fish oil n-3 fatty acid intake. Circulation 112 (2005) 2762-2768
18. Brouwer I.A., Zock P.L., Camm A.J., et al. Effect of fish oil on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and death in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the Study on Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Ventricular Arrhythmia (SOFA) randomized trial. JAMA 295 (2006) 2613-2619
19. Wilhelm M., Tobias R., Asskali F., et al. Red blood cell omega fatty acids and risk the ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 155 (2008) 971-977
20. London B., Albert C., Anderson M.E., et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiac arrhythmias: prior studies and recommendations for future research: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Office Of Dietary Supplements Omega-3 Fatty Acids and their Role in Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis Workshop. Circulation 116 (2007) e320-e335
21. Den Ruijter H.M., Berecki G., Opthof T., et al. Pro- and antiarrhythmic properties of a diet rich in fish oil. Cardiovasc Res 73 (2007) 316-325
22. Akiyama T., Pawitan Y., Greenberg H., et al. Increased risk of death and cardiac arrest from encainide and flecainide in patients after non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. CAST Investigators. Am J Cardiol 68 (1991) 1551-1555
23. Marchioli R., Barzi F., Bomba E., et al. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione. Circulation 105 (2002) 1897-1903
24. de Vreede-Swagemakers J.J., Gorgels A.P., Dubois-Arbouw W.I., et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the 1990's: a population-based study in the Maastricht area on incidence, characteristics and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 30 (1997) 1500-1505
25. Spain D.M., Bradess V.A., and Mohr C. Coronary atherosclerosis as a cause of unexpected and unexplained death. An autopsy study from 1949-1959. JAMA 174 (1960) 384-388
26. Manfredini R., Portaluppi F., Grandi E., et al. Out-of-hospital sudden death referring to an emergency department. J Clin Epidemiol 49 (1996) 865-868
27. Verkerk A.O., van Ginneken A.C., Berecki G., et al. Incorporated sarcolemmal fish oil fatty acids shorten pig ventricular action potentials. Cardiovasc Res 70 (2006) 509-520
28. Xiao Y.F., Kang J.X., Morgan J.P., et al. Blocking effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Na+ channels of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 (1995) 11000-11004
29. Sarrazin J.F., Comeau G., Daleau P., et al. Reduced incidence of vagally induced atrial fibrillation and expression levels of connexins by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs. J Am Coll Cardiol 50 (2007) 1505-1512
30. Davila-Roman V.G., Vedala G., Herrero P., et al. Altered myocardial fatty acid and glucose metabolism in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 40 (2002) 271-277
31. Sack M.N., Rader T.A., Park S., et al. Fatty acid oxidation enzyme gene expression is downregulated in the failing heart. Circulation 94 (1996) 2837-2842
32. Whang W., Mittleman M.A., Rich D.Q., et al. Heart failure and the risk of shocks in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: results from the Triggers Of Ventricular Arrhythmias (TOVA) study. Circulation 109 (2004) 1386-1391
33. Singh J.P., Hall W.J., McNitt S., et al. Factors influencing appropriate firing of the implanted defibrillator for ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation: findings from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT-II). J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 1712-1720
34. Ellenbogen K.A., Levine J.H., Berger R.D., et al. Are implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks a surrogate for sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy?. Circulation 113 (2006) 776-782
35. Germano J.J., Reynolds M., Essebag V., et al. Frequency and causes of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies: is device therapy proarrhythmic?. Am J Cardiol 97 (2006) 1255-1261
36. Connolly S.J., Dorian P., Roberts R.S., et al. Comparison of beta-blockers, amiodarone plus beta-blockers, or sotalol for prevention of shocks from implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the OPTIC Study: a randomized trial. JAMA 295 (2006) 165-171
37. Pacifico A., Hohnloser S.H., Williams J.H., et al. Prevention of implantable-defibrillator shocks by treatment with sotalol. d,l-Sotalol Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Study Group. N Engl J Med 340 (1999) 1855-1862
38. Dorian P., Borggrefe M., Al-Khalidi H.R., et al. Placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of azimilide for prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Circulation 110 (2004) 3646-3654
39. Pratt C.M., Singh S.N., Al-Khalidi H.R., et al. The efficacy of azimilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Azimilide Postinfarct Survival Evaluation (ALIVE) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (2004) 1211-1216
40. Julian D.G., Prescott R.J., Jackson F.S., et al. Controlled trial of sotalol for one year after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1 (1982) 1142-1147
41. Olshansky B., Wood F., Hellkamp A.S., et al. Where patients with mild to moderate heart failure die: results from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT). Am Heart J 153 (2007) 1089-1094
42. Bardy G.H., Lee K.L., Mark D.B., et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 225-237
43. Pratt C.M., Camm A.J., Cooper W., et al. Mortality in the Survival With ORal D-sotalol (SWORD) trial: why did patients die?. Am J Cardiol 81 (1998) 869-876
44. Vassallo P., and Trohman R.G. Prescribing amiodarone: an evidence-based review of clinical indications. JAMA 298 (2007) 1312-1322
45. Lane R.E., Cowie M.R., and Chow A.W. Prediction and prevention of sudden cardiac death in heart failure. Heart 91 (2005) 674-680
46. Freemantle N., Cleland J., Young P., et al. beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 318 (1999) 1730-1737
47. Tavazzi L., Tognoni G., Franzosi M.G., et al. Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 6 (2004) 635-641