Informing the development of decision support tools for risk management: The case of electrical and magnetic fields

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 601-621

  Luginaah, Isaac ^a   Eyles, John ^b,c   Elliott, Susan ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c McMaster Institute of Environment and Health   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; ELECTRIC FIELD; HAZARD MANAGEMENT; HEALTH RISK; MAGNETIC FIELD;

EID: 4344702003     PISSN: 09640568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0964056042000243258     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Angelillo, F. I. & Villari, P. (1999) Residential exposure to electromagnetic fields and childhood leukaemia: a meta-analysis, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77(11), pp. 906-915.
2. Blaasaas, K. G., Tynes, T., Irgens, A. & Lie, R. T. (2002) Risk of birth defects by parental occupational exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields: a population based study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59, pp. 92-97.
3. Baxter, J. & Eyles, J. D. (1999) The utility of in-depth interviews for studying the meaning of environmental risk, The Professional Geographer, 51(2), pp. 307-320.
4. Baxter, J., Eyles, J. D. & Elliott, S. J. (1999) From siting principles to siting process: a case study of discord among trust, equity and community participation, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 42(4), pp. 501-525.
5. Beck, U. (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage).
6. Bonczek, R. A., Holsapple, C. H. & Whinston, A. B. (1984) Developments in decision support systems, Advances in Computers, 23, pp. 141-173.
7. California Electric and Magnetic Fields Program (1999) Fact Sheets on EMFs (Oakland, CA: California Department of Health Services and Public Health Institute).
8. Churchill, J. C. & Baetz, W. B. (1999) Development of decision support system for sustainable community design, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 125(1), pp. 17-35.
9. Covello, V. & Wolf, S. (2003) The seven cardinal rules of risk communication, Water Environment & Technology, 15(1), pp. 8-9.
10. Cutter, S. (1993) Living with Risk (New York: Edward Arnold).
11. Elliott, J. S., Cole, D. C., Krueger, P., Vooberg, N. & Wakefield, S. (1999) The power of perception: health risk attributed to air pollution in an urban industrial neighbourhood, Risk Analysis, 19(4), pp. 615-627.
12. Eyles, J., Chaulk, P., Gallant, D., Lomas, J., MacDonald, J. A., Moase, O., Pranger, T., Rachlis, M. & Stoddart, G. L. (1998) Decision-support tools for cross-sectional investments in population health in the context of health system change. Report to Department of Health (Charlottetown: Prince Edward Island Department of Health, Social Services).
13. Eyles, J. & Elliott, J. S. (1999) Decision support tools for managing EMFs issues. Unpublished Manuscript, McMaster Institute of Environment and Health, Ontario.
14. Fitzgerald, K. (Ed.) (1990) Three-part special report: Electromagnetic fields: the jury's still out. Nair, I. & Morgan, M.G., Part 1: biological effects; Fitzgerald, K., Part 2: societal reverberations; Morgan, M.G. & Nair, I., Part 3: managing the risks, IEEE Spectrum, August, pp. 22-35.
15. FPTRPC (1998) Health Effects and Exposure Guidelines Related to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) 50/60 Hz Electric and Magnetic Fields (Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada-Radiation Protection Bureau).
16. Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Modern Age (Cambridge: Polity Press).
17. Harrison, K. (2001) Too close to home: dioxin contamination of breast milk and the political agenda, Policy Sciences, 34, pp. 35-62.
18. Havas, M. (2000) Biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic energy: a critical review of the reports by the US National Research Council and the US Institute of Environmental Health Sciences as they relate to the broad realm of EMFs bioeffects, Environmental Review, 8, pp. 173-253.
19. Hutchinson, S. A. (2001) The development of qualitative health research: taking stock, Qualitative Health Research, 11(4), pp. 505-521.
20. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation (1998) Protection guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300Hz), Health Physics, 74(4), pp. 494-522.
21. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P. & Tversky, A. (1982) Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases (New York: Cambridge Uhiversity Press).
22. Kaplan, B. S. (2000) Health effects of electromagnetic fields: the state of the science and government response, The Electricity Journal, January/February, pp. 25-33.
23. Kheifets, I. L. (2001) Electric and magnetic field exposure and brain cancer: a review, Bioelectromagnetics, 22(2), pp. S120-S131.
24. Kidd, S. P. & Parshall, B. M. (2000) Getting the focus and the group: enhancing analytical rigor in focus group research, Qualitative Health Research, 10(3), pp. 293-308.
25. Kreiger, N., Ashbury, F. D., Purdue, M. P. & Marrett, L. D. (2003) Workshop report: environmental exposures and cancer prevention, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111(1), pp. 105-108.
26. Lafleur, D., Gitao, E. & Sanchez-Sweatman, O. (1999) Effect of electromagnetic fields on cancer incidence. Environment and Cancer Working Group, McMaster University, Ontario. Available at http:// www.fhs.mcmaster.ca/ecwg/topic2.htm
27. Linder, H. S. (1995) Contending discourses in the electric and magnetic fields controversy: the social construction of EMFs risk as a public problem, Policy Sciences, 28, pp. 209-230.
28. Lindgren, M., Gustavsson, M., Hamnerius, Y. & Galt, S. (2001) ELF magnetic fields in the city environment, Bioelectromagnetics, 22(2), pp. 87-90.
29. Linet, S. M., Hatch, E. E., Kleinerman, A. R., Robison, L. L., Kaline, T. W., Friedman, R. D., Severson, K. R., Haines, M. C., Hartsock, T. C., Niwa, S., Wacholder, S. & Tarone, E. R. (1997) Residential exposure to magnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, The New England Journal of Medicine, 337(1), pp. 1-8.
30. Luginaah, I. N., Taylor, S. M., Elliott, S. J. & Eyles, J. D. (2002a) Community reappraisal of the perceived health effects of a petroleum refinery, Social Science and Medicine, 55, pp. 47-61.
31. Luginaah, I. N., Taylor, S. M., Elliott, S. J. & Eyles, J. D. (2002b) Community responses and coping strategies in the vicinity of a petroleum refinery, Health & Place, 8, pp. 177-190.
32. Lundgren, R. (1994) Risk Communication (Columbus, OH: Battelle Press).
33. Matthes, R., Bernhardt, J. H. & Repacholi, M. H. (Eds) (1998) Risk perception, risk communication and its application to EMFs exposure. Proceedings, International Seminar on Risk Perception, Risk Communication and its Application to EMFs exposure, Vienna, Austria.
34. Michaelis, J., Schuz, J., Meinert, R., Menger, M., Grigat, J. P., Kaatsch, P., Kaletsch, U., Miesner, A., Stamm, A., Brinkinann, K. & Karner, H. (1997) Childhood leukemia and electromagnetic fields: results of a population-based case-control study in Germany, Cancer Causes and Controls, 8, pp. 167-174.
35. Miller, K. H. (1997) The EMFs controversy: are electromagnetic fields dangerous to your health? Materials Evaluation, September, pp. 994-998.
36. Morgan, M. G. (1989) Electric and Magnetic Fields from 60 Hertz Electric Power: What do we Know about Possible Health Risks? (Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University).
37. Morgan, M. G., Florig, H. K., Nair, I. & Hester, G. L. (1987) Power frequency fields: the regulatory dilemma, Issues in Science and Technology, Summer, pp. 81-91.
38. Morse, J. M., Hutchinson, S. A. & Penrod, J. (1998) From theory to practice: the development of assessment guides from qualitatively derived theory, Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), pp. 329-340.
39. National Research Council (1996) Possible Health Effects of Exposure to Residential Electric and Magnetic Fields (Washington, DC: National Academy Press).
40. Neutra, R. R. (2001) Panel exploring the pro and con arguments as to whether EMFs cause childhood brain cancer, Bioelectromagnetics, 22(S5), pp. S144-S149.
41. Olsen, J. H., Nielsen, A. & Schulgen, G. (1993) Residence near high voltage facilities and risk of cancer in children, British Medical Journal, 307, pp. 891-895.
42. Richard, L. & Richard, T. (1994) Computing in qualitative analysis: a healthy development? Qualitative Health Research, 1, pp. 234-262.
43. Sahl, D. J. & Murdock, S. B. (1997) Electric and Magnetic Fields and Human Health (Irwindale, EMFs Education Center: Southern California Edison Company).
44. Sen, K. T., Moore, J. L. & Hess, J. T. (2000) An organizational decision support system for managing the DOE hazardous waste cleanup program, Decision Support Systems, 29, pp. 89-109.
45. Sharpe, M. (2000) The invisible pollutant: health effects of EMFs, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2, pp. 23N-26N.
46. Shrader-Frechette, K. S. (1991) Risk and Rationality (Berkeley, University of California Press).
47. Sinatra, S. T. (2002) EMFs: a health risk worthy of your attention, Total Health, 24(2), pp. 21-24.
48. Sjoberg, L. (2002) Attitudes toward technology and risk: going beyond what is immediately given, Policy Sciences, 35, pp. 379-400.
49. Slovic, P. (1987) Perception of risk, Science, 326, pp. 280-285.
50. Slovic, P. (2001) The risk game, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 86, pp. 17-24.
51. Trammer, E. J., Fisher, P., Black, C., Butcher, B. R., Kushner, C., Rachilis, M., Graves, L. F., Beauchamp, P., Herle, D. & Leroux, T. (Eds) (1998) Making Decisions: Evidence and Information (Sainte-Foy: Éditions MultiMondes).
52. Tesh, S. N. (1999) Citizen experts in environmental risk, Policy Sciences, 32, pp. 39-58.
53. Vecchia, P. (2003) Perception of risks from electromagnetic fields: lessons for the future, Journal of Biological Physics, 29, pp. 269-274.
54. Verkasalo, P. K., Pukkala, E., Hongisto, M. Y., Valjus, J. E., Jarvinen, P. J., Heikkila, K. V. & Koskenvuo, M. (1993) Risk of cancer in Finish children living close to power lines, British Medical Journal, 307, pp. 895-899.
55. Wertheimer, N., & Leeper, E. (1979) Electrical wiring configuration and childhood cancer, American Journal of Epidemiology, 109(3), pp. 273-284.
56. Wilkins, R. J. & Wellage, C. L. (1996) Brain tumor risk in offspring of men occupationally exposed to electric and magnetic fields, Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 22, pp. 339-345.
57. Willms, D. G., Best, J. A., Taylor, D. W., Gilbert, J. R., Wilson, D. M. C., Lindsay, E. A. & Singer, J. (1990) A systematic approach for using qualitative methods in primary prevention research, Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 4, pp. 391-409.
58. Wynne, B. (1994) Misunderstood misunderstanding: social identities and public uptake of science, in: A. Irwin & B. Wynne (Eds) Misunderstanding Science? The Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology, pp. 19-46 (London: Cambridge University Press).
59. Zeiss, C. (1999) Waste facility impacts on property values, Waste Management and Research, 17, pp. 50-58.
60. Zografos, G. K., Vasilakis, M. G. & Giannouli, M. I. (2000) Methodological framework for developing decision support systems (DSS) for hazardous materials emergency response operations, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 71, pp. 503-521.