Childhood leukemia and electromagnetic fields: Results of a population-based case-control study in Germany

Cancer Causes and Control

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 167-174

  Michaelis, Jörg ^a,c   Schüz, Joachim ^a   Meinert, Rolf ^a   Menger, Michael ^b   Grigat, Jan Peter ^b   Kaatsch, Peter ^a   Kaletsch, Uwe ^a   Miesner, Anke ^a   Stamm, Andreas ^b   Brinkmann, Karl ^b   Kärner, Hermann ^b  

^a JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF BRAUNSCHWEIG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER MAINZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

case control study; child; electromagnetic fields; Germany; leukemia

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CHILD; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LEUKEMIA, RADIATION-INDUCED; MALE; ODDS RATIO; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGISTRIES; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 8244233160     PISSN: 09575243     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1018464012055     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Electrical wire configurations and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1979; 109: 273-84.
2. Fulton JP, Cobb S, Preble L, Leone L, Forman E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood leukemia in Rhode Island. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 111: 292-6.
3. Tomenius L. 50-Hz Electromagnetic environment and the incidence of childhood tumors in Stockholm county. Bioelectromagnetics 1986; 7: 191-207.
4. Savitz DA, Wachtel H, Barnes FA, Johnson EM, Tvrdik JG. Case-control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 128: 21-38.
5. Coleman MP, Bell CMJ, Taylor HL, Primic-Zakelj M. Leukemia and residence near electricity transmission equipment: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 1989; 60: 793-8.
6. Myers A, Clayden AD, Cartwright RA, Cartwright SC. Childhood cancer and overhead powerlines: A case-control study. Br J Cancer 1990; 62: 1008-14.
7. London SJ, Thomas DC, Bowman JD, Sobel E, Cheng T, Peters JM. Exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 923-37.
8. Feychting M, Ahlbom A. Magnetic fields and cancer in people residing near Swedish high-voltage power lines. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138: 467-81.
9. Verkasalo PK, Pukkula E, Hongisto MY, et al. Risk of cancer in Finnish children living close to power lines. Br Med J 1993; 307: 895-99.
10. Olsen JH, Nielsen A, Schulgen G. Residence near high voltage and risk of cancer in children. Br Med J 1993; 307: 891-5.
11. Fajardo-Gutiérrez A, Garduno-Espinosa J, Yamamoto-Kimura L, et al. Residence close to high-tension electric power lines and its association with leukemia in children [in Spanish]. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1993; 50: 32-8.
12. Petridou E, Kassimos D, Kalmanti M, et al. Age of exposure to infections and risk of childhood leukemia. Br Med J 1993; 307: 774.
13. Preston-Martin S, Navidi W, Thomas DC, Bowman JD, Pagoda J. Los Angeles study of residential magnetic fields and childhood brain tumors. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143: 105-19.
14. Lin SR, Lu PY. An epidemiologic study of childhood cancer in relation to residential exposure to electromagnetic fields. Abstract from DOE/EPRI 'Contractors' Meeting, Portland, Oregon (USA), 1989.
15. Wertheimer N, Savitz DA, Leeper E. Childhood cancer in relation to indicators of magnetic fields from ground current sources. Bioelectromagnetics 1995; 16: 86-96.
16. Knave B. Electric and magnetic fields and health outcomes - an overview. Scand J Work Environ Health 1994; 20 special issue: 78-9.
17. Sagan MD, Leonard A. Epidemiological and laboratory studies of power frequency electric and magnetic fields. JAMA 1992; 268: 625-9.
18. Gurney JG, Davis S, Schwartz SM, Mueller BA, Kaune WT, Stevens RG. Childhood cancer occurence in relation to power line configurations: a study of potential selection bias in case-control studies. Epidemiology 1995; 6: 31-5.
19. Sahl DL. Viral contacts confound studies of childhood leukemia and high-voltage transmission lines. Cancer Causes Control 1994; 5: 279-83.
20. Jones TL, Shih CH, Thurston DH, Ware BJ, Cole P. Selection bias from differential residential mobility as an explanation for associations of wire codes with childhood cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 545-8.
21. Kavet R. An alternate hypothesis for the association between electrical wiring configurations and cancer. Epidemiology 1991; 2: 224-9.
22. Friedman, DR, Hatch, EE, Tarone R, et al. Childhood exposure to magnetic fields: residential area measurements compared to personal dosimetry. Epidemiology 1996; 7: 151-5.
23. Katsouyanni K. Effects of extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer: a European feasibility study. Athens, Greece: Report to the European Commission, 1992.
24. Kaatsch P, Haaf HG, Michaelis J. Childhood malignancies in Germany - methods and results of a nationwide registry. Europ J Cancer 1995; 31: 993-9.
25. Kaletsch U, Haaf HG, Kaatsch P, et al. Fallkontrollstudie zu den Ursachen von Leukämie bei Kindern in Niedersachsen (in German). Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Dokumentation, University of Mainz, 1995; Technical Report.
26. Kaatsch P, Kaletsch, U, Krummenauer, F, et al. Case control study on childhood leukemia in lower Saxony, Germany. Klin Pädiatr 1996, 208: 179-85.
27. Kärner HC, Stamm AR. Residential long-term magnetic field exposure. Dresden, Germany, 1991; Abstract from 7th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.
28. Meinert R, Michaelis J. Meta-analyses of studies on the association between electromagnetic fields and childhood cancer. Radiat Environ Biophys 1996; 35: 11-8.
29. Ahlbom A, Feytching, M, Koskenvuo, M, et al. Electromagnetic fields and childhood cancer [Letter]. Lancet 1993; 342: 1295-6.
30. Schulgen G, Lausen B, Olsen JH, Schumaeher M. Outcome-oriented cutpoints in analysis of quantitative exposures. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140: 172-84.
31. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research: The Analysis of Case-control Studies. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1980; IARC Sci. Pub. No. 32.
32. Reiter RJ. Melatonin suppression by static and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields: relationship to the reported increased incidence on cancer. Rev Environ Health 1994; 10: 171-86.
33. Dovan T, Kaune WT, Savitz DA. Repeatability of measurements of residential magnetic fields and wire codes. Bioelectromagnetics 1993; 14: 145-59.
34. Kaune WT, Darby SD, Gardner SN, Hrubec Z, Iriye RN, Linet MS. Development of a protocol for assessing time-weighted-averaged exposures of young children to power-frequency magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 1994; 15: 33-51.