Fraud, errors and gamesmanship in experimental toxicology

Toxicology

Volumn 202, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 1-20

  Purchase, Iain F H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Errors; Fraud; Gamesmanship

Indexed keywords

4,4' ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; DEBENDOX; ESTROGEN;

ACCURACY; ANALYTIC METHOD; ANALYTICAL ERROR; CLINICAL RESEARCH; DNA MODIFICATION; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FORGERY; GENE INSERTION; GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; MORALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS DESIGN; PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT; PUBLICATION; RELIABILITY; RESEARCH ETHICS; REVIEW; TOXICITY TESTING; TOXICOLOGY;

ANIMALIA; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM;

EID: 4344573764     PISSN: 0300483X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.029     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. A. Abbott Science comes to terms with the lessons of fraud Nature 398 2004 13 17
2. Anon., 2003. Editorial, New Scientist. 13 September, 2003, p. 5.
3. Anon., 2004. All above board. Editorial, New Scientist, 6 March, 2004.
4. S.F. Arnold, D.M. Klotz, B.M. Collins, P.M. Vonier, L.J. Guilette, and J.A. McLachlan Synergistic activation of estrogen receptor with combinations of environmental chemicals Science 272 1996 1489 1491
5. J. Ashby Endocrine disruption occurring at doses lower than those predicted by classical chemical toxicology evaluations: the case of bisphenol A Pure Appl. Chem. 75 2003 2167 2180
6. J. Ashby Ashby corrected Endocrine/Estrogen Lett. 9 2003 8 10
7. J. Ashby, P.A. Lefevre, J. Odum, C.A. Harris, E.J. Routledge, and J.P. Sumpter Synergy between synthetic oestrogens? Nature 385 1997 494
8. J. Ashby, H. Tinwell, and J. Haseman Lack of effects for low dose levels of bisphenol A and diethylstilbesterol on the prostate gland of CF1 mice Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 30 1999 156 166
9. BBSRC, 1998. Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/funding/overview/ good_practice.pdf? Accessed 15 March 2004.
10. M. Briggs, and M. Briggs Reproduction 4 Suppl. 1980 79 (from Rossiter, 1992)
11. M. Briggs, and M. Briggs The Development of a New Triphasic Oral Contraceptive 1980 79 (from Rossiter, 1992)
12. M. Briggs Res. Vet. Sci. 28 1980 199 (from Rossiter, 1992)
13. Briggs, M., 1980/1981. Bulletin of the Post Graduate Committee On Medicine of the University of Sydney 36: 148. and New Considerations in Oral Contraception Ed I Brossens, p. 9, 1981 (from Rossiter, 1992).
14. Briggs, M., 1980/1981. Bulletin of the Post Graduate Committee On Medicine of the University of Sydney 36: 148. and New Considerations in Oral Contraception Ed I Brossens, p. 9, 1981 (from Rossiter, 1992).
15. P.A. Brock A pharmaceutical approach to the threat of research fraud 3rd edition 2001 BMJ Books London
16. M. Burger, and C. Gould Secrets and Lies: Wouter Basson and South Africa's Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme 2002 Zebra Press Cape Town
17. S.Z. Cagen, J.M. Waechter, S.S. Dimond, W.J. Breslin, J.H. Butala, F.W. Jekat, R.L. Joiner, R.N. Shiotsuka, G.E. Veenstra, and L.R. Harris Normal reproductive organ development in CF1 mice exposed in utero Toxicol. Sci. 50 1999 36 44
18. CCR, 2000 Centre for Conflict Resolution, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, 2000. http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/ 20b.html. Accessed March 2004.
19. I. Chalmers Underreporting research is scientific misconduct JAMA 263 1990 1405 1408
20. CSPI, 2002. Center for Science in the Public Interest, Press Release, November 19, 2002.
21. J.J. Cohen Trust us to make a difference Ensuring public confidence in the integrity of clinical research Acad. Med. 76 2001 209 214
22. M. Enserink The Lancet scolded over Pusztai paper Science 286 1999 656
23. EPA, 1979 Proposed health effects test standards for Toxic Substances Control Act test rules. Federal Register, 44: no. 91, pp. 27334-27375.
24. S.W.B. Ewen, and A. Pusztai Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing Galanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine Lancet 354 1999 1353 1354
25. FDA, 1976. Proposed Regulations for Good Laboratory Practice Regulations. Federal Register, 41: no. 225, 51208-51230.
26. L. Grayson Scientific deception 1995 The British Library London
27. G.F. Humphrey Scientific fraud: the McBride Case Med. Sci. Law 32 1992 199 203
28. N. Kraus, T. Malmfors, and P. Slovic Intuitive toxicology: expert and lay judgements of chemical risks Risk Anal. 12 1992 215 232
29. H.A. Kuiper, H.P.J.M. Noteborn, and A.A.C.M.P. Peijnenburg The Lancet 354 1999 1315 1316
30. P. Lachmann GM Food debate Lancet 354 1999 69
31. L. Lehman-McKeeman, and R.E. Peterson Guidelines governing conflict of interest Toxicol. Sci. 72 2003 183 184
32. S. Lock, F. Wells, and M. Farthing Fraud and Misconduct in Biomedical Research 2001 BMJ Books London
33. B. Martin Scientific fraud and the power structure of science Prometheus 10 1992 83 89
34. W.G. McBride Note on the paper 'Effects of scopolamine hydrobromide on the development of the chick and rabbit embryo' by W.G. McBride, P. Vardy, J. French Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 36 1983 171 172
35. W.G. McBride, P.H. Vardy, and J. French Effects of scopolamine hydrobromide on the development of the chick and rabbit embryo Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 35 1982 173 178
36. J.A. McLachlan Synergistic effect of environmental estrogens: report withdrawn Science 277 1997 462 463
37. C.K. Mertz, P. Slovic, and I.F.H. Purchase Judgements of chemical risks: comparisons among senior managers, toxicologists and the public Risk Anal. 18 1998 391 404
38. M. Mithoffer, L. Jerome, and R. Doblin MDMA ("Ecstacy") and Neurotoxicity Science 300 2003 1504
39. A. Mowatt GM Food debate The Lancet 354 1999 69
40. MRC, 2000. Good Research Practice. Medical Research Council. www.mrc.ac.uk. Accessed 15 March 2004.
41. S.C. Nagel, F. Von Saal, M.G. Thayer, M.G. Dhar, M. Boechler, and W. Welshons Relative binding affinity-serum modification access (RBA-SMA) assay predicts the relative in vivo bioactivity of the xenoestrogens bisphenol A and octylphenol Environ. Health Perspect. 105 1997 70 76
42. B. Nicol McBride: Behind the myth 1989 ABC Enterprises for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation 20 Atchinson Street, Crows Nest, NSW, Australia
43. H.N. Nigg, and G. Radulescu Scientific misconduct in environmental toxicology JAMA 272 1994 168 170
44. D.S. Oderberg Moral theory 2000 Blackwell Publishers Oxford, UK
45. OECD, 1982. Good Laboratory Practice in the Testing of Chemicals. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, 75775, Cedex, Paris.
46. POST, 2000. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. The 'great GM food debate' - a survey of media coverage in the first half of 1999. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Report no. 138.
47. M. Ragg Australia: McBride guilty of scientific fraud Lancet 341 1993 550
48. M. Ragg William McBride's penalty Lancet 342 1993 361 362
49. Rang, H.P., Walton, Lord P., 1996. Sir William Drummond Macdonald Paton, C.B.E. Biographical Memoirs of The Royal Society, 291-314.
50. K. Ramamoorthy, F. Wang, I-C. Chen, S. Safe, J.D. Norris, D.P. McDonnell, K.W. Guido, W.P. Bocchinfuso, and K.S. Korach Potency of combined estrogenic pesticides Science 275 1997 405
51. D. Rennie, and C.K. Gunslas Regulations on scientific misconduct: lessons from the US experience. 3rd edition 2001 BMJ Books London
52. G.A. Ricuarte, J. Yuan, G. Hatzidimitriou, B.J. Cord, and U.D. McCann Severe dopaminergic neurotoxicity in primates after a common recreational dose of MDMA ('Ecstasy') Science 297 2001 2260 2263
53. G.A. Ricuarte, J. Yuan, G. Hatzidimitriou, B.J. Cord, and U.D. McCann Response Science 300 2003 1504
54. G.A. Ricuarte, J. Yuan, G. Hatzidimitriou, B.J. Cord, and U.D. McCann Retraction Science 301 2003 1479
55. P. Rils The Concept of scientific dishonesty: ethics, value systems, and research L. Stephen W. Frank F. Michael Fraud and Misconduct in Biomedical Research 3rd edition 2001 BMJ Books London 3 12
56. E.J.R. Rossiter Reflections of a whistle-blower Nature 357 1992 434 436
57. P. Slovic, T.J. Malmfors, C.K. Mertz, N. Neil, and I.F.H. Purchase Evaluating chemical risks: results of a survey of the British Toxicology Society Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 16 1997 289 304
58. R. Smith Meeting calls for a national body to respond to research misconduct Br. Med. J. 323 2001 889
59. The Royal Society. 1999. Review of data on possible toxicity of GM potatoes. Statement 9/99, The Royal Society, London, June 1999.
60. World Association of Medical Editors. http://www.wame.org/wamestmt.htm. Accessed on 24 December 2004.