Gene patents and justice

Journal of Value Inquiry

Volumn 41, Issue 2-4, 2007, Pages 147-163

  Farrelly, Colin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 43149112776     PISSN: 00225363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10790-007-9090-8     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Gregory Stock and John Campbell, Engineering the Human Germline: An Exploration of the Science and Ethics of Altering the Genes We Pass to Our Children (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 159.
2. Barton Childs, Genetic Medicine: A Logic of Disease (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), p. 5.
3. LeRoy Walters and Julie Palmer, The Ethics of Human Gene Therapy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 17.
4. See Kyle Jensen and Fiona Murray "Intellectual Property Landscape of the Human Genome," Science 310 (14 October 2005), p. 239.
5. Colin Farrelly, "The Genetic Difference Principle," The American Journal of Bioethics, 4(2) 2004, W22.
6. Pilar Ossorio, "Legal and Ethical Issues in Biotechnology Patenting," A Companion to Genethics, ed. by Burley and Harris (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002), p. 411.
7. See Garrett Cullity "Moral Free Riding," Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 24 (1) 1995.
8. See John Christman, "Can Ownership be Justified by Natural Rights?", Philosophy and Public Affairs, 15(2), 1986.
9. Christman, op. cit., p. 9.
10. Thomas Nagel, "Libertarianism without Foundations" In J. Paul ed. Reading Nozick: Essays on Anarchy, State and Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1982).
11. See Rebecca Eisenberg "How Can You Patent Genes?", The American Journal of Bioethics, Vol. 2(3) 2002
12. and The Ethics of Patenting DNA: A Discussion Paper (London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2002), ch. 3.
13. Adam Moore, "Owning Genetic Information and Gene Enhancement Techniques: Why Privacy and Property Rights May Undermine the Social Control of the Human Genome," Bioethics, vol. 14(2) 2000, p. 103.
14. See G.A. Cohen, Self-Ownership, Freedom and Equality (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995)
15. and Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).
16. Michael Heller and Rebecca Eisenberg, "Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research," Science 280 (5364) 1998, p. 698.
17. Heller and Eisenberg, op. cit., p. 698.
18. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974), p. 177.
19. Maxwell Mehlman and Jeffrey Botkin, Access to the Genome: The Challenge to Equality (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1998), p. 6.
20. See Allen Buchanan, Dan Brock, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler, From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. 101.
21. Walter Glannon, Genes and Future People (Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 2001), p. 100.
22. See Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice (New York: Basic Books, 1983).
23. See Norman Daniels, Just Health Care (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
24. See Larry Temkin, Inequality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
25. Derek Parfit, "Equality and Priority," in Andrew Mason, ed., Ideals of Equality (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1998), p. 12.
26. nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 84.
27. John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), p. xlvi.
28. Part of this paper was presented to The University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics seminar series. I am grateful for the helpful feedback I received on that occasion. I am also grateful to the referees of the Journal of Value Inquiry, and the editor Thomas Magnell, for their useful suggestions on how to improve an earlier version of this paper.