Cognitive processes in reading: The E-Z Reader model of eyemovement control

From Inkmarks to Ideas: Current Issues in Lexical Processing

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 122-148

  Rayner, Keith ^a   Reichle, Erik D ^b   Pollatsek, Alexander ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 43049176147     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203841211     Document Type: Chapter

References (70)

1. Becker, W., & Jürgens, R. (1979). An analysis of the saccadic system by means of double step stimuli. Vision Research, 19, 967-983.
2. Duffy, S. A., Morris, R. K., & Rayner, K. (1988). Lexical ambiguity and fixation times in reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 429-446.
3. Ehrlich, S. F., & Rayner, K. (1981). Contextual effects on word perception and eye movements during reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 641-655.
4. Engbert, R., Longtin, A., & Kliegl, R. (2002). A dynamical model of saccade generation in reading based on spatially distributed lexical processing. Vision Research, 42, 621-636.
5. Engbert, R., Nuthmann, A., Richter, E., & Kliegl, R. (2005). SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological Review, 112, 777-813.
6. Feng, G. (2006). Eye movements as time-series random variables: A stochastic model of eye movement control in reading. Cognitive Systems Research, 7, 70-95.
7. Fisher, D. L., & Goldstein, W. (1983). Stochastic PERT networks as models of cognition:Derivation of the mean, variance, and distribution of reaction using order-ofprocessing (OP) diagrams. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 27, 121-151.
8. Henderson, J. M., & Ferreira, F. (1990). Effects of foveal processing difficulty on the perceptual span in reading: Implications for attention and eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 417-429.
9. Hyönä, J. (1995). Do irregular letter combinations attract readers' attention? Evidence from fixation locations in words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 68-81.
10. Hyönä, J., & Bertram, R. (2004). Do frequency characteristics of nonfixated words influence the processing of fixated words during reading? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 104-127.
11. Inhoff, A. W., Eiter, B., & Radach, R. (2005). Time course of linguistic information extraction from consecutive words during eye fixations in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 979-996.
12. Inhoff, A. W., Pollatsek, A., Posner, M. I., & Rayner, K. (1989). Covert attention and eye movements during reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41A, 63-89.
13. Inhoff, A. W., Radach, R., Eiter, B. M., & Juhasz, B. (2003). Distinct subsystems for the parafoveal processing of spatial and linguistic information during eye fixations in reading. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56A, 803-828.
14. Inhoff, A. W., & Rayner, K. (1986). Parafoveal word processing during eye fixations in reading: Effects of word frequency. Perception and Psychophysics, 40, 431-439.
15. Inhoff, A. W., & Weger, U. W. (2005). Memory for word location during reading: Eye movements to previously read words are spatially selective but not precise. Memory and Cognition, 33, 447-461.
16. Ishida, T., & Ikeda, M. (1989). Temporal properties of information extraction in reading studied by a text-mask replacement technique. Journal of the Optical Society A: Optics and Image Science, 6, 1624-1632.
17. Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review, 87, 329-354.
18. Kennedy, A., & Pynte, J. (2005). Parafoveal-on-foveal effects in normal reading. Vision Research, 45, 153-68.
19. Kennison, S. M., & Clifton, C. (1995). Determinants of parafoveal preview benefit in high and low working memory capacity readers: Implications for eye movement control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 68-81.
20. Lee, H.-W., Legge, G. E., & Ortiz, A. (2003). Is word recognition different in central and peripheral vision? Vision Research, 43, 2837-2846.
21. Liversedge, S. P., Rayner, K., White, S. J., Vergilino-Perez, D., Findlay, J. M., & Kentridge, R. W. (2004). Eye movements when reading disappearing text: is there a gap effect in reading? Vision Research, 44, 1013-1024.
22. McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P. W., Reddix, M. D., & Zola, D. (1988). Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations in words. Vision Research, 28, 1107-1118.
23. McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1975). The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading. Perception and Psychophysics, 17, 578-586.
24. McConkie, G. W., Zola, D., Grimes, J., Kerr, P. W., Bryant, N. R., & Wolff, P. M. (1991). Children's eye movements during reading. In. J. F. Stein (Ed.), Vision and Visual Dyslexia 13. London: Macmillan.
25. McDonald, S. A., Carpenter, R. H. S., & Shillcock, R. C. (2005). An anatomicallyconstrained, stochastic model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review, 112, 814-840.
26. McPeek, R. M., Skavenski, A. A., & Nakayama, K. (2000). Concurrent processing of saccades in visual search. Vision Research, 40, 2499-2516.
27. Morton, J. (1969). Interaction of information in word recognition. Psychological Review, 76, 165-178.
28. Nuthmann, A., Engbert, R., & Kliegl, R. (2005). Mislocated fixations during reading and the inverted optimal viewing position effect. Vision Research, 45, 2201-2217.
29. Pollatsek, A., Reichle, E. D., & Rayner, K. (2006). Tests of the E-Z Reader model:Exploring the interface between cognition and eye-movement control. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 1-56.
30. Pollatsek, A., Reichle, E. D., & Rayner, K. (in press). Serial processing is consistent with the time course of linguistic information extraction from consecutive words during eye fixations in reading: A reply to Inhoff, Eiter, and Radach (2005). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.
31. Rayner, K. (1975). The perceptual span and peripheral cues in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 65-81.
32. Rayner, K. (1978). Eye movements in reading and information processing. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 618-660.
33. Rayner, K. (1979). Eye guidance in reading: Fixation locations within words. Perception, 8, 21-30.
34. Rayner, K. (1986). Eye movements and the perceptual span in beginning and skilled readers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 41, 211-236.
35. Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
36. Rayner, K., Ashby, J., Pollatsek, A., & Reichle, E. (2004a). The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: Implications for the E-Z Reader model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30, 720-732.
37. Rayner, K., & Bertera, J. H. (1979). Reading without a fovea. Science, 206, 468-469.
38. Rayner, K., & Duffy, S. A. (1986). Lexical complexity and fixation times in reading:Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity. Memory and Cognition, 14, 191-201.
39. Rayner, K., Inhoff, A. W., Morrison, R., Slowiaczek, M. L., & Bertera, J. H. (1981). Masking of foveal and parafoveal vision during eye fixations in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 7, 167-179.
40. Rayner, K., & Juhasz, B. J. (2004). Eye movements in reading: Old questions and new directions. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 340-352.
41. Rayner, K., Liversedge, S. P., & White, S. J. (2006). Eye movements when reading disappearing text: The importance of the word to the right of fixation. Vision Research, 46, 310-323.
42. Rayner, K., Liversedge, S. P., White, S. J., & Vergilino-Perez, D. (2003). Reading disappearing text: Cognitive control of eye movements. Psychological Science, 14, 385-389.
43. Rayner, K., & McConkie, G. W. (1976). What guides a reader's eye movements. Vision Research, 16, 829-837.
44. Rayner, K., & Morrison, R. M. (1981). Eye movements and identifying words in parafoveal vision. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 17, 135-138.
45. Rayner, K., Pollatsek, A., & Reichle, E. D. (2003). Eye movements in reading: Models and data. Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 26, 507-526.
46. Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., Morris, R. K., Schmauder, A. R., & Clifton, C. (1989). Eye movements and on-line language comprehension processes. Language and Cognitive Processes, 4 (SPECIAL ISSUE), 21-49.
47. Rayner, K., Sereno, S. C., & Raney, G. E. (1996). Eye movement control in reading: A comparison of two types of models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 1188-1200.
48. Rayner, K., Slowiaczek, M. L., Clifton, C., & Bertera, J. H. (1983). Latency of sequential eye movements: Implications for reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 9, 912-922.
49. Rayner, K., Warren, T., Juhasz, B. J., & Liversedge, S. P. (2004b). Eye movements and plausibility effects in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 1290-1301.
50. Rayner, K., & Well, A. D. (1996). Effects of contextual constraint on eye movements in reading: A further examination. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 3, 504-509.
51. Rayner, K., Well, A. D., Pollatsek, A., & Bertera, J. H. (1982). The availability of useful information to the right of fixation in reading. Perception and Psychophysics, 31, 537-550.
52. Reichle, E. D., & Perfetti, C. A. (2003). Morphology in word identification: A word experience model that accounts for morpheme frequency effects. Scientific Studies of Reading, 7, 219-237.
53. Reichle, E. D., Pollatsek, A., Fisher, D. L., & Rayner, K. (1998). Towards a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review, 105, 125-157.
54. Reichle, E. D., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (2006). E-Z Reader: A cognitive-control, serial-attention model of eye-movement behavior during reading. Cognitive Systems Research, 7, 4-22.
55. Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1999). Eye movement control in reading:Accounting for initial fixation locations and refixations within the E-Z Reader model. Vision Research, 39, 4403-4411.
56. Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2003). The E-Z Reader model of eye movement control in reading: Comparison to other models. Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 26, 445-476.
57. Reilly, R., & Radach, R. (2003). Foundations of an interactive activation model of eye movement control in reading. In J. Hyönä, R. Radach, & H. Deubel (Eds.), The mind's eye: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research (pp. 429-455). Oxford: Elsevier.
58. Reilly, R., & Radach, R. (2006). Some empirical tests of an interactive activation model of eye movement control in reading. Cognitive Systems Research, 7, 34-55.
59. Reingold, E. (2003). Eye-movement control in reading: Models and predictions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26, 500-501.
60. Reingold, E., & Rayner, K. (in press). Examining the word identification stages hypothesized by the E-Z Reader model. Psychological Science.
61. Salvucci, D. D. (2001). An integrated model of eye movements and visual encoding. Cognitive Systems Research, 1, 201-220.
62. Schilling, H. E. H., Rayner, K., & Chumbley, J. I. (1998). Comparing naming, lexical decision, and eye fixation times: Word frequency effects and individual differences. Memory and Cognition, 26, 1270-1281.
63. Sereno, S. C., O'Donnell, P. J., & Rayner, K. (2006). Eye movements and lexical ambiguity resolution: Investigating the subordinate-bias effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 335-350.
64. Sparrow, L., Miellet, S., & Coello, Y. (2003). The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: An evaluation of the E-Z Reader model. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26, 503-505.
65. Tinker, M. A. (1958). Recent studies of eye movements in reading. Psychological Bulletin, 55, 215-231.
66. Vergilino, D., & Beauvillain, C. (2000). The planning of refixation saccades in reading. Vision Research, 40, 3527-3538.
67. Vitu, F., McConkie, G. W., Kerr, P., & O'Regan, J. K. (2001). Fixation location effects on fixation durations during reading: an inverted optimal viewing position effect. Vision Research, 41, 3513-3533.
68. White, S. J., & Liversedge, S. P. (2004). Orthographic familiarity influences initial eye positions in reading. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 52-78.
69. White, S. J., Rayner, K., & Liversedge, S. P. (2005). Eye movements and the modulation of parafoveal processing by foveal processing difficulty: A re-examination. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 12, 891-896.
70. Yonelinas, A. P. (2002). The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, 441-517.