메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 138-162

Portal hypertension

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 43049121227     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511547409.009     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (6)

References (238)
  • 1
    • 0034014753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic sclerotherapy in childrenwith esophageal varices: Long-termresults of a controlledprospective randomized trial
    • Goncalves ME, Cardoso SR, Maksoud JG. Prophylactic sclerotherapy in childrenwith esophageal varices: long-termresults of a controlledprospective randomized trial. JPediatr Surg 2000; 35:401–5.
    • (2000) Jpediatr Surg , vol.35 , pp. 401-405
    • Goncalves, M.E.1    Cardoso, S.R.2    Maksoud, J.G.3
  • 2
    • 0036725259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic ligation comparedwith sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
    • Zargar SA, Javid G, Khan BA, et al. Endoscopic ligation comparedwith sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Hepatology 2002;36:666–72.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 666-672
    • Zargar, S.A.1    Javid, G.2    Khan, B.A.3
  • 3
    • 29544444703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to the management of pediatric portal hypertension: Results of an informal survey
    • Groszmann R, Tygat N, Bosch J, eds, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Shneider B. Approaches to the management of pediatric portal hypertension: Results of an informal survey. In: Groszmann R, Tygat N, Bosch J, eds. Portal hypertension in the 21st century. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
    • (2004) Portal Hypertension in the 21St Century
    • Shneider, B.1
  • 4
    • 0014815721 scopus 로고
    • Changes in portal circulation after biliaryobstruction indogs
    • Ohllson E, Rutherford R, Boitnott J. Changes in portal circulation after biliaryobstruction indogs. Am J Surg 1970;120:16–22.
    • (1970) Am J Surg , vol.120 , pp. 16-22
    • Ohllson, E.1    Rutherford, R.2    Boitnott, J.3
  • 5
    • 0019522762 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of portal-systemic shunting in the rat by using gamma-labeled microspheres
    • Chojkier M, Groszmann RJ. Measurement of portal-systemic shunting in the rat by using gamma-labeled microspheres. Am J Physiol 1981;240:G371–5.
    • (1981) Am J Physiol , vol.240 , pp. G371-G375
    • Chojkier, M.1    Groszmann, R.J.2
  • 6
    • 84927976719 scopus 로고
    • Experimental portal fibrosis induced by chronic feeding of aflatoxin-b1
    • Sarin SK, ed, New Delhi: Kunj Publishing
    • Okudaira M, Kume H, Ohku M. Experimental portal fibrosis induced by chronic feeding of aflatoxin-B1. In: Sarin SK, ed. Animal models of portal hypertension. New Delhi: Kunj Publishing, 1988:135–41.
    • (1988) Animal Models of Portal Hypertension , pp. 135-141
    • Okudaira, M.1    Kume, H.2    Ohku, M.3
  • 7
    • 0025810622 scopus 로고
    • Propranalol ameliorates the development of portal-systemic shunting in a chronic murine schistosomiasis model of portal hypertension
    • Sarin SK, Groszmann R, Mosca PG, et al. Propranalol ameliorates the development of portal-systemic shunting in a chronic murine schistosomiasis model of portal hypertension. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1032–6.
    • (1991) J Clin Invest , vol.87 , pp. 1032-1036
    • Sarin, S.K.1    Groszmann, R.2    Mosca, P.G.3
  • 8
    • 0021194801 scopus 로고
    • Increased blood flow through the portal system in cirrhotic rats
    • Vorobioff J, Bredfeldt JE, Groszmann RJ. Increased blood flow through the portal system in cirrhotic rats. Gastroenterology 1984;87:1120–6.
    • (1984) Gastroenterology , vol.87 , pp. 1120-1126
    • Vorobioff, J.1    Bredfeldt, J.E.2    Groszmann, R.J.3
  • 9
    • 0036841301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice with targeted deletion of e nos develop hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension
    • Iwakiri Y, Cadelina G, Sessa WC, Groszmann RJ. Mice with targeted deletion of e NOS develop hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002;283:G1074–81.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.283 , pp. G1074-G1081
    • Iwakiri, Y.1    Cadelina, G.2    Sessa, W.C.3    Groszmann, R.J.4
  • 10
    • 4444262044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide synthase 1 is partly compensating for nitric oxide synthase 3 deficiency in nitric oxide synthase 3 knock-out mice and is elevated inmurine and human cirrhosis
    • Biecker E, Neef M, Sagesser H, et al. Nitric oxide synthase 1 is partly compensating for nitric oxide synthase 3 deficiency in nitric oxide synthase 3 knock-out mice and is elevated inmurine and human cirrhosis. Liver Int 2004;24:345–53.
    • (2004) Liver Int , vol.24 , pp. 345-353
    • Biecker, E.1    Neef, M.2    Sagesser, H.3
  • 11
    • 0002809993 scopus 로고
    • Vascular lesions of portal cirrhosis
    • Mc Indoe A. Vascular lesions of portal cirrhosis. Arch Pathol 1928;5:23–32.
    • (1928) Arch Pathol , vol.5 , pp. 23-32
    • Mc Indoe, A.1
  • 12
    • 0000601905 scopus 로고
    • The cardiac output at rest in laennec’s cirrhosis
    • Kowalski HJ, Abelmann WH. The cardiac output at rest in Laennec’s cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 1953;32:1025–33.
    • (1953) J Clin Invest , vol.32 , pp. 1025-1033
    • Kowalski, H.J.1    Abelmann, W.H.2
  • 13
    • 0037337097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budd–chiari syndrome: A review by an expert panel
    • Janssen HL, Garcia-Pagan JC, Elias E, et al. Budd–Chiari syndrome: a review by an expert panel. J Hepatol 2003;38:364–71.
    • (2003) J Hepatol , vol.38 , pp. 364-371
    • Janssen, H.L.1    Garcia-Pagan, J.C.2    Elias, E.3
  • 16
    • 0023951719 scopus 로고
    • Budd–chiari syndrome in children: Report of 22 cases
    • Gentil-Kocher S, Bernard O, Brunelle F, et al. Budd–Chiari syndrome in children: report of 22 cases. J Pediatr 1988;113 (1 pt 1):30–8.
    • (1988) J Pediatr , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-38
    • Gentil-Kocher, S.1    Bernard, O.2    Brunelle, F.3
  • 17
    • 58149426692 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic vein occlusion disease of egyptian children
    • Safouh M, Shehata AH. Hepatic vein occlusion disease of Egyptian children. J Pediatr 1965;67:415–22.
    • (1965) J Pediatr , vol.67 , pp. 415-422
    • Safouh, M.1    Shehata, A.H.2
  • 18
    • 0023909510 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of injection sclerotherapy in the management of 152 children with oesophageal varices
    • Howard ER, Stringer MD, Mowat AP. Assessment of injection sclerotherapy in the management of 152 children with oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 1988;75:404–8.
    • (1988) Br J Surg , vol.75 , pp. 404-408
    • Howard, E.R.1    Stringer, M.D.2    Mowat, A.P.3
  • 19
    • 0021084414 scopus 로고
    • Portal obstruction in children. I. clinical investigation and hemorrhage risk
    • Alvarez F, Bernard O, Brunelle F, et al. Portal obstruction in children. I. Clinical investigation and hemorrhage risk. J Pediatr 1983;103:696–702.
    • (1983) J Pediatr , vol.103 , pp. 696-702
    • Alvarez, F.1    Bernard, O.2    Brunelle, F.3
  • 21
    • 0033999779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: The role of multiple concurrent factors
    • Denninger MH, Chait Y, Casadevall N, et al. Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors. Hepatology 2000;31:587–91.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 587-591
    • Denninger, M.H.1    Chait, Y.2    Casadevall, N.3
  • 22
    • 16344380606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholestasis in children with portal vein obstruction
    • Gauthier-Villars M, Franchi S, Gauthier F, et al. Cholestasis in children with portal vein obstruction. J Pediatr 2005;146: 568–73.
    • (2005) J Pediatr , vol.146 , pp. 568-573
    • Gauthier-Villars, M.1    Franchi, S.2    Gauthier, F.3
  • 23
    • 0014781046 scopus 로고
    • Isolated splenic vein occlusion. Review of literature and report of an additional case
    • Sutton JP, Yarborough DY, Richards JT. Isolated splenic vein occlusion. Review of literature and report of an additional case. Arch Surg 1970;100:623–6.
    • (1970) Arch Surg , vol.100 , pp. 623-626
    • Sutton, J.P.1    Yarborough, D.Y.2    Richards, J.T.3
  • 24
    • 0020828197 scopus 로고
    • Relation between osmotically induced hepatocyte enlargement and portal hypertension
    • Colman JC, Britton RS, Orrego H, et al. Relation between osmotically induced hepatocyte enlargement and portal hypertension. Am J Physiol 1983;245:G382–7.
    • (1983) Am J Physiol , vol.245 , pp. G382-G387
    • Colman, J.C.1    Britton, R.S.2    Orrego, H.3
  • 25
    • 0019364797 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of intrahepatic pressure with collagen in the disse space and hepatomegaly in humans and in the rat
    • Orrego H, Blendis LM, Crossley IR, et al. Correlation of intrahepatic pressure with collagen in the Disse space and hepatomegaly in humans and in the rat. Gastroenterology 1981;80: 546–56.
    • (1981) Gastroenterology , vol.80 , pp. 546-556
    • Orrego, H.1    Blendis, L.M.2    Crossley, I.R.3
  • 26
    • 0034907996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival after first esophageal variceal hemorrhage in patients with biliary atresia
    • Miga D, Sokol RJ, Mackenzie T, et al. Survival after first esophageal variceal hemorrhage in patients with biliary atresia. J Pediatr 2001;139:291–6.
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.139 , pp. 291-296
    • Miga, D.1    Sokol, R.J.2    Mackenzie, T.3
  • 27
    • 0042322991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De franchis r. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators
    • D’Amico G, De Franchis R. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology 2003;38:599–612.
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.38 , pp. 599-612
    • D’Amico, G.1
  • 28
    • 1642277855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristicmultiorgan pathology of cystic fibrosis in a long-living cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator knockoutmurine model
    • Durie PR, Kent G, Phillips MJ, Ackerley CA. Characteristicmultiorgan pathology of cystic fibrosis in a long-living cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator knockoutmurine model. Am JPathol 2004;164:1481–93.
    • (2004) Am Jpathol , vol.164 , pp. 1481-1493
    • Durie, P.R.1    Kent, G.2    Phillips, M.J.3    Ackerley, C.A.4
  • 29
    • 17844370506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mouse model for cystic biliary dysgenesis in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (Arpkd)
    • Moser M, Matthiesen S, Kirfel J, et al. A mouse model for cystic biliary dysgenesis in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Hepatology 2005;41:1113–21.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , pp. 1113-1121
    • Moser, M.1    Matthiesen, S.2    Kirfel, J.3
  • 30
    • 0036339631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse model of alagille syndrome: Notch2 as a genetic modifier of jag1 haploinsufficiency
    • McCright B, Lozier J, Gridley T. A mouse model of Alagille syndrome: Notch2 as a genetic modifier of Jag1 haploinsufficiency. Development 2002;129:1075–82.
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 1075-1082
    • McCright, B.1    Lozier, J.2    Gridley, T.A.3
  • 31
    • 0027363563 scopus 로고
    • Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 p-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid frombile and to liver disease
    • Smit JJ, Schinkel AH, Oude Elferink RP, et al. Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 P-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid frombile and to liver disease. Cell 1993;75:451–62.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 451-462
    • Smit, J.J.1    Schinkel, A.H.2    Oude Elferink, R.P.3
  • 32
    • 0031682956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial dysfunction and decreased production of nitric oxide in the intrahepatic microcirculation of cirrhotic rats
    • Gupta TK, Toruner M, Chung MK, Groszmann RJ. Endothelial dysfunction and decreased production of nitric oxide in the intrahepatic microcirculation of cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 1998;28:926–31.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.28 , pp. 926-931
    • Gupta, T.K.1    Toruner, M.2    Chung, M.K.3    Groszmann, R.J.4
  • 33
    • 0036321638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioactivation of nitroglycerin and vasomotor response to nitric oxide are impaired in cirrhotic rat livers
    • Dudenhoefer AA, Loureiro-Silva MR, Cadelina GW, et al. Bioactivation of nitroglycerin and vasomotor response to nitric oxide are impaired in cirrhotic rat livers. Hepatology 2002;36: 381–5.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 381-385
    • Dudenhoefer, A.A.1    Loureiro-Silva, M.R.2    Cadelina, G.W.3
  • 34
    • 1542317594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin enhances hepatic nitric oxide production and decreases the hepatic vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis
    • Zafra C, Abraldes JG, Turnes J, et al. Simvastatin enhances hepatic nitric oxide production and decreases the hepatic vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2004;126: 749–55.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 749-755
    • Zafra, C.1    Abraldes, J.G.2    Turnes, J.3
  • 35
    • 0026490970 scopus 로고
    • Plasma endothelin immunoreactivity in liver disease and the hepatorenal syndrome
    • Moore K, Wendon J, Frazer M, et al. Plasma endothelin immunoreactivity in liver disease and the hepatorenal syndrome. N Engl J Med 1992;327:774–8.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 774-778
    • Moore, K.1    Wendon, J.2    Frazer, M.3
  • 36
    • 3843090140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 induced by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in patientswith cirrhosis and refractory ascites
    • Martinet JP, Legault L, Cernacek P, et al. Changes in plasma endothelin-1 and Big endothelin-1 induced by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in patientswith cirrhosis and refractory ascites. J Hepatol 1996;25:700–6.
    • (1996) J Hepatol , vol.25 , pp. 700-706
    • Martinet, J.P.1    Legault, L.2    Cernacek, P.3
  • 37
    • 0031012401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thecellular pathogenesis of portalhypertension: Stellate cell contractility, endothelin, and nitric oxide
    • Rockey D. Thecellular pathogenesis of portalhypertension: stellate cell contractility, endothelin, and nitric oxide. Hepatology 1997;25:2–5.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.25 , pp. 2-5
    • Rockey, D.1
  • 38
    • 0031952913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction causes a significant increase in portal pressure of rat liver: Localized constrictive effect on the distal segment of preterminal portal venules as revealed by light and electron microscopy and serial reconstruction
    • Kaneda K, Ekataksin W, Sogawa M, et al. Endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction causes a significant increase in portal pressure of rat liver: localized constrictive effect on the distal segment of preterminal portal venules as revealed by light and electron microscopy and serial reconstruction. Hepatology 1998;27: 735–47.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , pp. 735-747
    • Kaneda, K.1    Ekataksin, W.2    Sogawa, M.3
  • 39
    • 0033971485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed endothelin receptor antagonist, sb209670, decreases portal pressure in biliary cirrhotic rats in vivo by reducing portal venous system resistance
    • Kojima H, Yamao J, Tsujimoto T, et al. Mixed endothelin receptor antagonist, SB209670, decreases portal pressure in biliary cirrhotic rats in vivo by reducing portal venous system resistance. J Hepatol 2000;32:43–50.
    • (2000) J Hepatol , vol.32 , pp. 43-50
    • Kojima, H.1    Yamao, J.2    Tsujimoto, T.3
  • 40
    • 0014571809 scopus 로고
    • Systemic-portal arteriovenous fistulas: Pathologic and hemodynamic observations in two patients
    • Donovan A, Reynolds T, Mikkelson W. Systemic-portal arteriovenous fistulas: pathologic and hemodynamic observations in two patients. Surgery 1969;66:474–82.
    • (1969) Surgery , vol.66 , pp. 474-482
    • Donovan, A.1    Reynolds, T.2    Mikkelson, W.3
  • 41
    • 0017109529 scopus 로고
    • Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after chemotherapy of acute leukemia
    • Griner P, Elbadani A, Packman C. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after chemotherapy of acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 1976;85:578–82.
    • (1976) Ann Intern Med , vol.85 , pp. 578-582
    • Griner, P.1    Elbadani, A.2    Packman, C.3
  • 43
    • 0028891845 scopus 로고
    • Reversible hepatic veno-occlusive disease in an infant after consumption of pyrrolizidine- containing herbal tea
    • Sperl W, Stuppner H, Gassner I, et al. Reversible hepatic veno-occlusive disease in an infant after consumption of pyrrolizidine- containing herbal tea. Eur J Pediatr 1995;154:112–6.
    • (1995) Eur J Pediatr , vol.154 , pp. 112-116
    • Sperl, W.1    Stuppner, H.2    Gassner, I.3
  • 44
    • 10744221943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defibrotide in the treatment of children with veno-occlusive disease (Vod): A retrospective multicentre study demonstrates therapeutic efficacy upon early intervention
    • Corbacioglu S, Greil J, Peters C, et al. Defibrotide in the treatment of children with veno-occlusive disease (VOD): a retrospective multicentre study demonstrates therapeutic efficacy upon early intervention. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004;33: 189–95.
    • (2004) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.33 , pp. 189-195
    • Corbacioglu, S.1    Greil, J.2    Peters, C.3
  • 45
    • 0021352646 scopus 로고
    • Clinical study of eighty-six cases of idiopathic portal hypertension and comparison with cirrhosiswith splenomegaly
    • Okuda K, Kono K, Ohnishi K, et al. Clinical study of eighty-six cases of idiopathic portal hypertension and comparison with cirrhosiswith splenomegaly. Gastroenterology 1984;86:600–10.
    • (1984) Gastroenterology , vol.86 , pp. 600-610
    • Okuda, K.1    Kono, K.2    Ohnishi, K.3
  • 47
    • 0026773033 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic invesigation of periportal fibrosis in children with schistoma mansoni infection: Reversibility of morbidity twenty-three years after treatment with praziquantel
    • Schwerdtfeger E, Abdel-Rahim I, Kardoff R. Ultrasonic invesigation of periportal fibrosis in children with Schistoma mansoni infection: reversibility of morbidity twenty-three years after treatment with praziquantel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 46:409–15.
    • (1992) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.46 , pp. 409-415
    • Schwerdtfeger, E.1    Abdel-Rahim, I.2    Kardoff, R.3
  • 48
    • 0020677377 scopus 로고
    • Hyperdynamic circulation in portal-hypertensive rat model: A primary factor for maintenance of chronic portal hypertension
    • Vorobioff J, Bredfeldt JE, Groszmann RJ. Hyperdynamic circulation in portal-hypertensive rat model: a primary factor for maintenance of chronic portal hypertension. Am J Physiol 1983;244:G52–7.
    • (1983) Am J Physiol , vol.244 , pp. G52-G57
    • Vorobioff, J.1    Bredfeldt, J.E.2    Groszmann, R.J.3
  • 49
    • 0021522551 scopus 로고
    • Role of humoral factors in the intestinal hyperemia associated with chronic portal hypertension
    • Benoit JN, Barrowman JA, Harper SL, et al. Role of humoral factors in the intestinal hyperemia associated with chronic portal hypertension. Am J Physiol 1984;247(5 pt 1):G486–93.
    • (1984) Am J Physiol , vol.247 , Issue.5 , pp. G486-G493
    • Benoit, J.N.1    Barrowman, J.A.2    Harper, S.L.3
  • 50
    • 0022340986 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic studies in a parabiotic model of portal hypertension
    • Sikuler E, Groszmann RJ. Hemodynamic studies in a parabiotic model of portal hypertension. Experientia 1985;41:1323–4.
    • (1985) Experientia , vol.41 , pp. 1323-1324
    • Sikuler, E.1    Groszmann, R.J.2
  • 51
    • 0025270687 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of glucagon in portal hypertension
    • Silva G, Navasa M, Bosch J, et al. Hemodynamic effects of glucagon in portal hypertension. Hepatology 1990;11:668–73.
    • (1990) Hepatology , vol.11 , pp. 668-673
    • Silva, G.1    Navasa, M.2    Bosch, J.3
  • 52
    • 0019763768 scopus 로고
    • Postprandial intestinal hyperemia: Role of bile salts in the ileum
    • Kvietys PR, Mc Lendon JM, Granger DN. Postprandial intestinal hyperemia: role of bile salts in the ileum. Am J Physiol 1981;241:G469–77.
    • (1981) Am J Physiol , vol.241 , pp. G469-G477
    • Kvietys, P.R.1    Mc Lendon, J.M.2    Granger, D.N.3
  • 53
    • 0025372465 scopus 로고
    • Bile acids do not mediate the hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertensive rats
    • Genecin P, Polio J, Colombato LA, et al. Bile acids do not mediate the hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1990;259(1 pt 1):G21–5.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259 , Issue.1 , pp. G21-G25
    • Genecin, P.1    Polio, J.2    Colombato, L.A.3
  • 54
    • 0025783965 scopus 로고
    • Role of bile acids in splanchnic hemodynamic response to chronic portal hypertension
    • Thomas SH, Joh T, Benoit JN. Role of bile acids in splanchnic hemodynamic response to chronic portal hypertension. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36:1243–8.
    • (1991) Dig Dis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 1243-1248
    • Thomas, S.H.1    Joh, T.2    Benoit, J.N.3
  • 55
    • 0024523451 scopus 로고
    • Role of prostacyclin in the splanchnic hyperemia contributing to portal hypertension
    • Sitzmann JV, Bulkley GB, Mitchell MC, Campbell K. Role of prostacyclin in the splanchnic hyperemia contributing to portal hypertension. Ann Surg 1989;209:322–7.
    • (1989) Ann Surg , vol.209 , pp. 322-327
    • Sitzmann, J.V.1    Bulkley, G.B.2    Mitchell, M.C.3    Campbell, K.4
  • 56
    • 0026762830 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine receptor blockade reduces splanchnic hyperemia in cirrhotic rats
    • Lee SS, Chilton EL, Pak JM. Adenosine receptor blockade reduces splanchnic hyperemia in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology 1992;15:1107–11.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.15 , pp. 1107-1111
    • Lee, S.S.1    Chilton, E.L.2    Pak, J.M.3
  • 57
    • 0029787791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of calcitonin gene-related peptide to systemic vasodilatation and central hypovolaemia in cirrhosis
    • Moller S, Bendtsen F, Schifter S, Henriksen JH. Relation of calcitonin gene-related peptide to systemic vasodilatation and central hypovolaemia in cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:928–33.
    • (1996) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.31 , pp. 928-933
    • Moller, S.1    Bendtsen, F.2    Schifter, S.3    Henriksen, J.H.4
  • 58
    • 0032991092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased hemeoxygenase-1 gene expression in liver cells and splanchnic organs from portal hypertensive rats
    • Fernandez M, Bonkovsky HL. Increased hemeoxygenase-1 gene expression in liver cells and splanchnic organs from portal hypertensive rats. Hepatology 1999;29:1672–9.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.29 , pp. 1672-1679
    • Fernandez, M.1    Bonkovsky, H.L.2
  • 59
    • 0034928628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids acting at vascular cb1 receptors mediate the vasodilated state in advanced liver cirrhosis
    • Batkai S, Jarai Z, Wagner JA, et al. Endocannabinoids acting at vascular CB1 receptors mediate the vasodilated state in advanced liver cirrhosis. Nat Med 2001;7:827–32.
    • (2001) Nat Med , vol.7 , pp. 827-832
    • Batkai, S.1    Jarai, Z.2    Wagner, J.A.3
  • 60
    • 0036142225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous cannabinoids: A new system involved in the homeostasis of arterial pressure in experimental cirrhosis in the rat
    • Ros J, Claria J, To-Figueras J, et al. Endogenous cannabinoids: a new system involved in the homeostasis of arterial pressure in experimental cirrhosis in the rat. Gastroenterology 2002; 122:85–93.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , pp. 85-93
    • Ros, J.1    Claria, J.2    To-Figueras, J.3
  • 61
    • 0026504731 scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhibiting nitric oxide biosynthesis on the systemic and splanchnic circulation of rats with portal hypertension
    • Pizcueta MP, Pique JM, Bosch J, et al. Effects of inhibiting nitric oxide biosynthesis on the systemic and splanchnic circulation of rats with portal hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 1992;105: 184–90.
    • (1992) Br J Pharmacol , vol.105 , pp. 184-190
    • Pizcueta, M.P.1    Pique, J.M.2    Bosch, J.3
  • 62
    • 0026708176 scopus 로고
    • Invitrohyporeactivity tomethoxamine in portal hypertensive rats: Reversal by nitric oxide blockade
    • Sieber CC, Groszmann RJ. Invitrohyporeactivity tomethoxamine in portal hypertensive rats: reversal by nitric oxide blockade. Am J Physiol 1992;262(6 pt 1):G996–1001.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262 , Issue.6 , pp. G996-G1001
    • Sieber, C.C.1    Groszmann, R.J.2
  • 63
    • 0242490247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenteric vasoconstriction triggers nitric oxide overproduction in the superior mesenteric artery of portal hypertensive rats
    • Tsai MH, Iwakiri Y, Cadelina G, et al. Mesenteric vasoconstriction triggers nitric oxide overproduction in the superior mesenteric artery of portal hypertensive rats. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1452–61.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 1452-1461
    • Tsai, M.H.1    Iwakiri, Y.2    Cadelina, G.3
  • 64
    • 0029929720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalidomide inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha, decreases nitric oxide synthesis, and ameliorates the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in portal-hypertensive rats
    • Lopez-Talavera JC, Cadelina G, Olchowski J, et al. Thalidomide inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha, decreases nitric oxide synthesis, and ameliorates the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in portal-hypertensive rats. Hepatology 1996;23:1616–21.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.23 , pp. 1616-1621
    • Lopez-Talavera, J.C.1    Cadelina, G.2    Olchowski, J.3
  • 65
    • 0025159776 scopus 로고
    • Na restriction blunts expansion of plasma volume and ameliorates hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertension
    • Genecin P, Polio J, Groszmann RJ. Na restriction blunts expansion of plasma volume and ameliorates hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertension. Am J Physiol 1990;259(3 pt 1): G498–503.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259 , Issue.3 , pp. G498-G503
    • Genecin, P.1    Polio, J.2    Groszmann, R.J.3
  • 66
    • 0022980149 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic tone modulates portal venous pressure in alcoholic cirrhosis
    • Willett IR, Esler M, Jennings G, Dudley FJ. Sympathetic tone modulates portal venous pressure in alcoholic cirrhosis. Lancet 1986;2:939–43.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 939-943
    • Willett, I.R.1    Esler, M.2    Jennings, G.3    Dudley, F.J.4
  • 67
    • 0024519392 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin blockade in conscious, unrestrained cirrhotic dogs with portal hypertension
    • Mastai R, Rocheleau B, Huet PM. Serotonin blockade in conscious, unrestrained cirrhotic dogs with portal hypertension. Hepatology 1989;9:265–8.
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.9 , pp. 265-268
    • Mastai, R.1    Rocheleau, B.2    Huet, P.M.3
  • 70
    • 0028013187 scopus 로고
    • Circadian variations of portal pressure and variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis
    • Garcia-Pagan JC, Feu F, Castells A, et al. Circadian variations of portal pressure and variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1994;19:595–601.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 595-601
    • Garcia-Pagan, J.C.1    Feu, F.2    Castells, A.3
  • 71
    • 0029818611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood in the gastric lumen increases splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure in portalhypertensive rats
    • Chen L, Groszmann RJ. Blood in the gastric lumen increases splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure in portalhypertensive rats. Gastroenterology 1996;111:1103–10.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.111 , pp. 1103-1110
    • Chen, L.1    Groszmann, R.J.2
  • 72
    • 0023733955 scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hemodynamic responses in patients with cirrhosis
    • Lee SS, Hadengue A, Moreau R, et al. Postprandial hemodynamic responses in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988; 8:647–51.
    • (1988) Hepatology , vol.8 , pp. 647-651
    • Lee, S.S.1    Hadengue, A.2    Moreau, R.3
  • 73
    • 0029827013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical exercise increases portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
    • Garcia-Pagan JC, Santos C, Barbera JA, et al. Physical exercise increases portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1996;111:1300–6.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.111 , pp. 1300-1306
    • Garcia-Pagan, J.C.1    Santos, C.2    Barbera, J.A.3
  • 74
    • 0018710363 scopus 로고
    • The aetiology, presentation and natural history of extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction
    • Webb LJ, Sherlock S. The aetiology, presentation and natural history of extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction. Q J Med 1979;48:627–39.
    • (1979) Q J Med , vol.48 , pp. 627-639
    • Webb, L.J.1    Sherlock, S.2
  • 75
    • 0029854496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of spleen size and its relation to hypersplenism and portal hemodynamics in portalhypertensiondue tohepatic cirrhosis
    • Shah SH, Hayes PC, Allan PL, et al. Measurement of spleen size and its relation to hypersplenism and portal hemodynamics in portalhypertensiondue tohepatic cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:2580–3.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 2580-2583
    • Shah, S.H.1    Hayes, P.C.2    Allan, P.L.3
  • 77
    • 0030459591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endosonographic evaluation of the rectum in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
    • Yachha SK, Dhiman RK, Gupta R, Ghoshal UC. Endosonographic evaluation of the rectum in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996;23:438–41.
    • (1996) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 438-441
    • Yachha, S.K.1    Dhiman, R.K.2    Gupta, R.3    Ghoshal, U.C.4
  • 78
    • 0029264139 scopus 로고
    • Bleeding stomal varices: Treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in two pediatric patients
    • Weinberg GD, Matalon TA, Brunner MC, et al. Bleeding stomal varices: treatment with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in two pediatric patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1995;6:233–6.
    • (1995) J Vasc Interv Radiol , vol.6 , pp. 233-236
    • Weinberg, G.D.1    Matalon, T.A.2    Brunner, M.C.3
  • 79
    • 0030877449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome
    • Fallon MB, Abrams GA, Luo B, et al. The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 1997;113: 606–14.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , pp. 606-614
    • Fallon, M.B.1    Abrams, G.A.2    Luo, B.3
  • 80
    • 0032759260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome
    • Zhang M, Luo B, Chen SJ, et al. Endothelin-1 stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Am J Physiol 1999;277(5 pt 1):G944–52.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277 , Issue.5 , pp. G944-G952
    • Zhang, M.1    Luo, B.2    Chen, S.J.3
  • 81
    • 0037234802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide in liver transplantation: Pathobiology and clinical implications
    • Shah V, Kamath PS. Nitric oxide in liver transplantation: pathobiology and clinical implications. Liver Transpl 2003;9: 1–11.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl , vol.9 , pp. 1-11
    • Shah, V.1    Kamath, P.S.2
  • 82
    • 2342453333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome
    • Hoeper MM, Krowka MJ, Strassburg CP. Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Lancet 2004; 363:1461–8.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1461-1468
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Krowka, M.J.2    Strassburg, C.P.3
  • 83
    • 15444374950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease: Hepatopulmonary syndrome
    • Fallon MB. Mechanisms of pulmonary vascular complications of liver disease: hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39(4 suppl 2):S138–42.
    • (2005) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. S138-S142
    • Fallon, M.B.1
  • 84
    • 5444229131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case recordsof the massachusetts general hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 31–2004. a four-year-old boy with hypoxemia
    • Kinane TB, Westra SJ. Case recordsof the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 31–2004. A four-year-old boy with hypoxemia. N Engl J Med 2004;351: 1667–75.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1667-1675
    • Kinane, T.B.1    Westra, S.J.2
  • 85
    • 0029165852 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic utility of contrast echocardiography and lung perfusion scan in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome
    • Abrams GA, Jaffe CC, Hoffer PB, et al. Diagnostic utility of contrast echocardiography and lung perfusion scan in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gastroenterology 1995;109: 1283–8.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.109 , pp. 1283-1288
    • Abrams, G.A.1    Jaffe, C.C.2    Hoffer, P.B.3
  • 86
    • 0036105651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive investigation of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children and adolescents with chronic cholestasis
    • Santamaria F, Sarnelli P, Celentano L, et al. Noninvasive investigation of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children and adolescents with chronic cholestasis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2002;33: 374–9.
    • (2002) Pediatr Pulmonol , vol.33 , pp. 374-379
    • Santamaria, F.1    Sarnelli, P.2    Celentano, L.3
  • 87
    • 0032886531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrapulmonary shunting in biliary atresia before and after living-related liver transplantation
    • Yonemura T, Yoshibayashi M, Uemoto S, et al. Intrapulmonary shunting in biliary atresia before and after living-related liver transplantation. Br J Surg 1999;86:1139–43.
    • (1999) Br J Surg , vol.86 , pp. 1139-1143
    • Yonemura, T.1    Yoshibayashi, M.2    Uemoto, S.3
  • 88
    • 0028961225 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary arteriovenous shunting in children with liver disease
    • Barbe T, Losay J, Grimon G, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous shunting in children with liver disease. J Pediatr 1995;126: 571–9.
    • (1995) J Pediatr , vol.126 , pp. 571-579
    • Barbe, T.1    Losay, J.2    Grimon, G.3
  • 89
    • 0026661696 scopus 로고
    • Ancient remedies revisited: Does allium sativum(garlic) palliate the hepatopulmonary syndrome?
    • Caldwell SH, Jeffers LJ, Narula OS, et al. Ancient remedies revisited: does Allium sativum(garlic) palliate the hepatopulmonary syndrome? J Clin Gastroenterol 1992;15:248–50.
    • (1992) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.15 , pp. 248-250
    • Caldwell, S.H.1    Jeffers, L.J.2    Narula, O.S.3
  • 90
    • 0031914653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan to diagnose hepatopulmonary syndrome: A new approach
    • Abrams GA, Nanda NC, Dubovsky EV, et al. Use of macroaggregated albumin lung perfusion scan to diagnose hepatopulmonary syndrome: a new approach. Gastroenterology 1998;114:305–10.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 305-310
    • Abrams, G.A.1    Nanda, N.C.2    Dubovsky, E.V.3
  • 91
    • 0028943325 scopus 로고
    • The hepatopulmonary syndrome
    • Lange PA, Stoller JK. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:521–9.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 521-529
    • Lange, P.A.1    Stoller, J.K.2
  • 92
    • 0028335620 scopus 로고
    • Current concepts in diagnostic and therapeutic considerations
    • Krowka MJ, Cortese DA. Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Current concepts in diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Chest 1994;105:1528–37.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , pp. 1528-1537
    • Krowka, M.J.1    Syndrome, C.D.2
  • 94
    • 0037332028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portopulmonary hypertension: A tale of two circulations
    • Budhiraja R, Hassoun PM. Portopulmonary hypertension: a tale of two circulations. Chest 2003;123:562–76.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , pp. 562-576
    • Budhiraja, R.1    Hassoun, P.M.2
  • 95
    • 10744230826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: A report of the multicenter liver transplant database
    • Krowka MJ, Mandell MS, Ramsay MA, et al. Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: a report of the multicenter liver transplant database. Liver Transpl 2004;10:174–82.
    • (2004) Liver Transpl , vol.10 , pp. 174-182
    • Krowka, M.J.1    Mandell, M.S.2    Ramsay, M.A.3
  • 96
    • 0028963711 scopus 로고
    • Unexpected lethal pulmonary hypertension in a 5-year-old girl successfully treated for biliary atresia
    • Schuijtvlot ET, Bax NM, Houwen RH, Hruda J. Unexpected lethal pulmonary hypertension in a 5-year-old girl successfully treated for biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 1995;30:589–90.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Surg , vol.30 , pp. 589-590
    • Schuijtvlot, E.T.1    Bax, N.M.2    Houwen, R.H.3    Hruda, J.4
  • 97
    • 0033404515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hypertension associatedwith postoperative biliary atresia: Report of two cases
    • Soh H, Hasegawa T, Sasaki T, et al. Pulmonary hypertension associatedwith postoperative biliary atresia: report of two cases. J Pediatr Surg 1999;34:1779–81.
    • (1999) J Pediatr Surg , vol.34 , pp. 1779-1781
    • Soh, H.1    Hasegawa, T.2    Sasaki, T.3
  • 98
    • 14744304820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan therapy for portopulmonary hypertension
    • Hoeper MM, Halank M, Marx C, et al. Bosentan therapy for portopulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2005;25: 502–8.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.25 , pp. 502-508
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Halank, M.2    Marx, C.3
  • 99
    • 6444229321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous iloprost bridging to orthotopic liver transplantation in portopulmonary hypertension
    • Minder S, Fischler M, Muellhaupt B, et al. Intravenous iloprost bridging to orthotopic liver transplantation in portopulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2004;24:703–7.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.24 , pp. 703-707
    • Minder, S.1    Fischler, M.2    Muellhaupt, B.3
  • 100
    • 24744458364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy for portopulmonary hypertension with intravenous iloprost and oral bosentan
    • Halank M, Kolditz M, Miehlke S, et al. Combination therapy for portopulmonary hypertension with intravenous iloprost and oral bosentan. Wien Med Wochenschr 2005;155:376–80.
    • (2005) Wien Med Wochenschr , vol.155 , pp. 376-380
    • Halank, M.1    Kolditz, M.2    Miehlke, S.3
  • 101
    • 3242762283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sildenafil for portopulmonary hypertension in a patient undergoing liver transplantation
    • Makisalo H, Koivusalo A, Vakkuri A, Hockerstedt K. Sildenafil for portopulmonary hypertension in a patient undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2004;10:945–50.
    • (2004) Liver Transpl , vol.10 , pp. 945-950
    • Makisalo, H.1    Koivusalo, A.2    Vakkuri, A.3    Hockerstedt, K.4
  • 102
    • 15544369773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel use of sildenafil in the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension
    • Chua R, Keogh A, Miyashita M. Novel use of sildenafil in the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005;24:498–500.
    • (2005) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 498-500
    • Chua, R.1    Keogh, A.2    Miyashita, M.3
  • 103
    • 0032005022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early liver transplantation is crucial in children with liver disease and pulmonary artery hypertension
    • Losay J, Piot D, Bougaran J, et al. Early liver transplantation is crucial in children with liver disease and pulmonary artery hypertension. J Hepatol 1998;28:337–42.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 337-342
    • Losay, J.1    Piot, D.2    Bougaran, J.3
  • 104
    • 26044436856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful liver transplantation in a childwith severe portopulmonaryhypertension treated with epoprostenol
    • Laving A, Khanna A, Rubin L, et al. Successful liver transplantation in a childwith severe portopulmonaryhypertension treated with epoprostenol. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41:466–8.
    • (2005) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.41 , pp. 466-468
    • Laving, A.1    Khanna, A.2    Rubin, L.3
  • 105
    • 0037080548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined liver and (Heart-)lung transplantation in liver transplant candidates with refractory portopulmonary hypertension
    • Pirenne J, Verleden G, Nevens F, et al. Combined liver and (heart-)lung transplantation in liver transplant candidates with refractory portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 2002;73:140–2.
    • (2002) Transplantation , vol.73 , pp. 140-142
    • Pirenne, J.1    Verleden, G.2    Nevens, F.3
  • 106
    • 0026583936 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilatation and sodium retention in prehepatic portal hypertension
    • Albillos A, Colombato LA, Groszmann RJ. Vasodilatation and sodium retention in prehepatic portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1992;102:931–5.
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.102 , pp. 931-935
    • Albillos, A.1    Colombato, L.A.2    Groszmann, R.J.3
  • 107
    • 15444376944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection, coagulation, and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis
    • Thalheimer U, Triantos CK, Samonakis DN, et al. Infection, coagulation, and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Gut 2005;54: 556–63.
    • (2005) Gut , vol.54 , pp. 556-563
    • Thalheimer, U.1    Triantos, C.K.2    Samonakis, D.N.3
  • 108
    • 20044383406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meld score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome: Relevance to liver transplantation
    • Alessandria C, Ozdogan O, Guevara M, et al. MELD score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome: relevance to liver transplantation. Hepatology 2005;41:1282–9.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.41 , pp. 1282-1289
    • Alessandria, C.1    Ozdogan, O.2    Guevara, M.3
  • 109
    • 3042696433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and tips in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome
    • Wong F, Pantea L, Sniderman K. Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2004;40:55–64.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.40 , pp. 55-64
    • Wong, F.1    Pantea, L.2    Sniderman, K.3
  • 110
    • 0022517122 scopus 로고
    • Renal failure and dialysis therapy in children with hepatic failure in the perioperative period of orthotopic liver transplantation
    • Ellis D, Avner ED. Renal failure and dialysis therapy in children with hepatic failure in the perioperative period of orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Nephrol 1986;25:295–303.
    • (1986) Clin Nephrol , vol.25 , pp. 295-303
    • Ellis, D.1    Avner, E.D.2
  • 111
    • 0023243239 scopus 로고
    • The reversal of the hepatorenal syndromein four pediatric patients following successful orthotopic liver transplantation
    • Wood RP, Ellis D, Starzl TE. The reversal of the hepatorenal syndromein four pediatric patients following successful orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg 1987;205:415–19.
    • (1987) Ann Surg , vol.205 , pp. 415-419
    • Wood, R.P.1    Ellis, D.2    Starzl, T.E.3
  • 112
    • 0017813049 scopus 로고
    • Extrahepatic portal hypertension: A review of 70 cases
    • Mitra SK, Kumar V, Datta DV, et al. Extrahepatic portal hypertension: a review of 70 cases. J Pediatr Surg 1978;13:51–7.
    • (1978) J Pediatr Surg , vol.13 , pp. 51-57
    • Mitra, S.K.1    Kumar, V.2    Datta, D.V.3
  • 113
    • 0036123650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction
    • Sarin SK, Agarwal SR. Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Semin Liver Dis 2002;22:43–58.
    • (2002) Semin Liver Dis , vol.22 , pp. 43-58
    • Sarin, S.K.1    Agarwal, S.R.2
  • 114
    • 3042852107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis is associated with an increased incidence of cholelithiasis
    • Chiu B, Superina R. Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis is associated with an increased incidence of cholelithiasis. J Pediatr Surg 2004;39:1059–61.
    • (2004) J Pediatr Surg , vol.39 , pp. 1059-1061
    • Chiu, B.1    Superina, R.2
  • 115
    • 0029950277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Original extrahilar approach for hepatic portal revascularization and relief of extrahepatic portal hypertension related to later portal vein thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation. Long term results
    • de Ville de Goyet J, Gibbs P, Clapuyt P, et al. Original extrahilar approach for hepatic portal revascularization and relief of extrahepatic portal hypertension related to later portal vein thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation. Long term results. Transplantation 1996;62:71–5.
    • (1996) Transplantation , vol.62 , pp. 71-75
    • De Ville De Goyet, J.1    Gibbs, P.2    Clapuyt, P.3
  • 116
    • 0031945180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct bypassing of extrahepatic portal venous obstruction in children: A new technique for combined hepatic portal revascularization and treatment of extrahepatic portal hypertension
    • de Ville de Goyet J, Alberti D, Clapuyt P, et al. Direct bypassing of extrahepatic portal venous obstruction in children: a new technique for combined hepatic portal revascularization and treatment of extrahepatic portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 1998;33:597–601.
    • (1998) J Pediatr Surg , vol.33 , pp. 597-601
    • De Ville De Goyet, J.1    Alberti, D.2    Clapuyt, P.3
  • 117
    • 0033980128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience with the rex shunt (Mesenterico-left portal bypass) in children with extrahepatic portal hypertension
    • Bambini DA, Superina R, Almond PS, et al. Experience with the Rex shunt (mesenterico-left portal bypass) in children with extrahepatic portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 2000;35:13–8; discussion 8–9.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Surg , vol.35 , pp. 13-18
    • Bambini, D.A.1    Superina, R.2    Almond, P.S.3
  • 118
    • 23944488830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biliary atresia: Clinical profiles, risk factors, and outcomes of 755 patients listed for liver transplantation
    • Utterson EC, Shepherd RW, Sokol RJ, et al. Biliary atresia: clinical profiles, risk factors, and outcomes of 755 patients listed for liver transplantation. J Pediatr 2005;147:180–5.
    • (2005) J Pediatr , vol.147 , pp. 180-185
    • Utterson, E.C.1    Shepherd, R.W.2    Sokol, R.J.3
  • 119
    • 0019474325 scopus 로고
    • Changes of portal vein pressure and intrahepatic blood vessels after surgery for biliary atresia
    • Kasai M, Okamoto A, Ohi R, et al. Changes of portal vein pressure and intrahepatic blood vessels after surgery for biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 1981;16:152–9.
    • (1981) J Pediatr Surg , vol.16 , pp. 152-159
    • Kasai, M.1    Okamoto, A.2    Ohi, R.3
  • 120
    • 0016206942 scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: Special reference to postoperative portal hypertension
    • Miyata M, Satani M, Ueda T, Okamoto E. Long-term results of hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: special reference to postoperative portal hypertension. Surgery 1974;76:234–7.
    • (1974) Surgery , vol.76 , pp. 234-237
    • Miyata, M.1    Satani, M.2    Ueda, T.3    Okamoto, E.4
  • 121
    • 0022636199 scopus 로고
    • Portal hypertension after successful hepatic portoenterostomy in biliary atresia
    • Ohi R, Mochizuki I, Komatsu K, Kasai M. Portal hypertension after successful hepatic portoenterostomy in biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 1986;21:271–4.
    • (1986) J Pediatr Surg , vol.21 , pp. 271-274
    • Ohi, R.1    Mochizuki, I.2    Komatsu, K.3    Kasai, M.4
  • 122
    • 0021140019 scopus 로고
    • Variceal hemorrhage in biliary atresia
    • Lilly JR, Stellin G. Variceal hemorrhage in biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 1984;19:476–9.
    • (1984) J Pediatr Surg , vol.19 , pp. 476-479
    • Lilly, J.R.1    Stellin, G.2
  • 124
    • 0347662616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: Long-term survival and prognosis after esophageal variceal bleeding
    • van Heurn LW, Saing H, Tam PK. Portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: long-term survival and prognosis after esophageal variceal bleeding. J Pediatr Surg 2004;39:6–9.
    • (2004) J Pediatr Surg , vol.39 , pp. 6-9
    • Van Heurn, L.W.1    Saing, H.2    Tam, P.K.3
  • 125
    • 18544382958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portal hypertensive gastropathy after surgery for biliary atresia
    • Sasaki T, Hasegawa T, Shimizu Y, et al. Portal hypertensive gastropathy after surgery for biliary atresia. Surg Today 2005;35:385–8.
    • (2005) Surg Today , vol.35 , pp. 385-388
    • Sasaki, T.1    Hasegawa, T.2    Shimizu, Y.3
  • 126
    • 0023841360 scopus 로고
    • Stoma-related variceal bleeding: An under-recognized complication of biliary atresia
    • Smith S, Wiener ES, Starzl TE, Rowe MI. Stoma-related variceal bleeding: an under-recognized complication of biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 1988;23:243–5.
    • (1988) J Pediatr Surg , vol.23 , pp. 243-245
    • Smith, S.1    Wiener, E.S.2    Starzl, T.E.3    Rowe, M.I.4
  • 127
    • 0023253051 scopus 로고
    • Surgical portosystemic shunts in children: Assessment with duplex doppler us. work in progress
    • Patriquin H, Lafortune M, Weber A, et al. Surgical portosystemic shunts in children: assessment with duplex Doppler US. Work in progress. Radiology 1987;165:25–8.
    • (1987) Radiology , vol.165 , pp. 25-28
    • Patriquin, H.1    Lafortune, M.2    Weber, A.3
  • 128
    • 0032079772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive hemodynamic measurements of superior mesenteric artery in the prediction of portal pressure response to propranolol
    • Iwao T, Oho K, Sakai T, et al. Noninvasive hemodynamic measurements of superior mesenteric artery in the prediction of portal pressure response to propranolol. J Hepatol 1998;28: 847–55.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 847-855
    • Iwao, T.1    Oho, K.2    Sakai, T.3
  • 129
    • 0142210073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic flow parameters measured with mr imaging and doppler us: Correlations with degree of cirrhosis and portal hypertension
    • Annet L, Materne R, Danse E, et al. Hepatic flow parameters measured with MR imaging and Doppler US: correlations with degree of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Radiology 2003;229:409–14.
    • (2003) Radiology , vol.229 , pp. 409-414
    • Annet, L.1    Materne, R.2    Danse, E.3
  • 130
    • 0031713731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doppler study of mesenteric, hepatic, and portal circulation in alcoholic cirrhosis: Relationship between quantitative doppler measurements and the severity of portal hypertension and hepatic failure
    • Taourel P, Blanc P, Dauzat M, et al. Doppler study of mesenteric, hepatic, and portal circulation in alcoholic cirrhosis: relationship between quantitative Doppler measurements and the severity of portal hypertension and hepatic failure. Hepatology 1998;28:932–6.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.28 , pp. 932-936
    • Taourel, P.1    Blanc, P.2    Dauzat, M.3
  • 131
    • 0024440516 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic prediction of the presence and severity of esophageal varices in children
    • De Giacomo C, Tomasi G, Gatti C, et al. Ultrasonographic prediction of the presence and severity of esophageal varices in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989;9:431–5.
    • (1989) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.9 , pp. 431-435
    • De Giacomo, C.1    Tomasi, G.2    Gatti, C.3
  • 132
    • 0022405690 scopus 로고
    • Lesser omental thickness in normal children: Baseline for detection of portal hypertension
    • Patriquin H, Tessier G, Grignon A, Boisvert J. Lesser omental thickness in normal children: baseline for detection of portal hypertension. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985;145:693–6.
    • (1985) AJR am J Roentgenol , vol.145 , pp. 693-696
    • Patriquin, H.1    Tessier, G.2    Grignon, A.3    Boisvert, J.4
  • 133
    • 0026606867 scopus 로고
    • Upper gastro-intestinal tract bleeding in cirrhotic children candidates for liver transplantation
    • Sokal EM, Van Hoorebeeck N, Van Obbergh L, et al. Upper gastro-intestinal tract bleeding in cirrhotic children candidates for liver transplantation. Eur J Pediatr 1992;151:326–8.
    • (1992) Eur J Pediatr , vol.151 , pp. 326-328
    • Sokal, E.M.1    Van Hoorebeeck, N.2    Van Obbergh, L.3
  • 134
    • 0029858542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a new endoscopic index to predict first bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with cirrhosis
    • Zoli M, Merkel C, Magalotti D, et al. Evaluation of a new endoscopic index to predict first bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1996;24:1047–52.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Zoli, M.1    Merkel, C.2    Magalotti, D.3
  • 135
    • 0022550420 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive measurement of the pressure of esophageal varices using an endoscopic gauge: Comparisonwith measurementsby variceal puncture in patients undergoing endoscopic sclerotherapy
    • Bosch J, Bordas JM, Rigau J, et al. Noninvasive measurement of the pressure of esophageal varices using an endoscopic gauge: comparisonwith measurementsby variceal puncture in patients undergoing endoscopic sclerotherapy. Hepatology 1986;6:667–72.
    • (1986) Hepatology , vol.6 , pp. 667-672
    • Bosch, J.1    Bordas, J.M.2    Rigau, J.3
  • 136
    • 0032125435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic manometry of esophageal varices: Evaluation of a balloon technique compared with direct portal pressure measurement
    • Brensing KA, Neubrand M, Textor J, et al. Endoscopic manometry of esophageal varices: evaluation of a balloon technique compared with direct portal pressure measurement. J Hepatol 1998;29:94–102.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.29 , pp. 94-102
    • Brensing, K.A.1    Neubrand, M.2    Textor, J.3
  • 137
    • 0030022381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive variceal pressure measurement may be useful for predicting effect of sclerotherapy for esophageal varices
    • Ueno K, Hashizume M, Ohta M, et al. Noninvasive variceal pressure measurement may be useful for predicting effect of sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Dig Dis Sci 1996;41:191–6.
    • (1996) Dig Dis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 191-196
    • Ueno, K.1    Hashizume, M.2    Ohta, M.3
  • 138
    • 0032834202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variceal pressure is a strong predictor of variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis as well as in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension
    • El Atti EA, Nevens F, Bogaerts K, et al. Variceal pressure is a strong predictor of variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis as well as in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Gut 1999;45:618–21.
    • (1999) Gut , vol.45 , pp. 618-621
    • El Atti, E.A.1    Nevens, F.2    Bogaerts, K.3
  • 139
    • 30744441666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of pill cam eso capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal varices: A prospective threecenter pilot study
    • Eisen GM, Eliakim R, Zaman A, et al. The accuracy of Pill Cam ESO capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal varices: a prospective threecenter pilot study. Endoscopy 2006;38:31–5.
    • (2006) Endoscopy , vol.38 , pp. 31-35
    • Eisen, G.M.1    Eliakim, R.2    Zaman, A.3
  • 140
    • 30744446764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Esophageal capsule endoscopy versus esophagogastroduodenoscopy for evaluating portal hypertension: A prospective comparative study of performance and tolerance
    • Lapalus MG, Dumortier J, Fumex F, et al. Esophageal capsule endoscopy versus Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for evaluating portal hypertension: a prospective comparative study of performance and tolerance. Endoscopy 2006;38:36–41.
    • (2006) Endoscopy , vol.38 , pp. 36-41
    • Lapalus, M.G.1    Dumortier, J.2    Fumex, F.3
  • 141
    • 0018885597 scopus 로고
    • Portal diversion for portal hypertension in children. The first ninety patients
    • Bismuth H, Franco D, Alagille D. Portal diversion for portal hypertension in children. The first ninety patients. Ann Surg 1980;192:18–24.
    • (1980) Ann Surg , vol.192 , pp. 18-24
    • Bismuth, H.1    Franco, D.2    Alagille, D.3
  • 142
    • 0020660479 scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of budd–chiari syndrome by computed tomography and ultrasonography: Report of five cases
    • Baert AL, Fevery J, Marchal G, et al. Early diagnosis of Budd–Chiari syndrome by computed tomography and ultrasonography: report of five cases. Gastroenterology 1983;84:587–95.
    • (1983) Gastroenterology , vol.84 , pp. 587-595
    • Baert, A.L.1    Fevery, J.2    Marchal, G.3
  • 143
    • 0021949780 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol therapy for portal hypertension in children
    • Ozsoylu S, Kocak N, Yuce A. Propranolol therapy for portal hypertension in children. J Pediatr 1985;106:317–21.
    • (1985) J Pediatr , vol.106 , pp. 317-321
    • Ozsoylu, S.1    Kocak, N.2    Yuce, A.3
  • 144
    • 0025016059 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic events in a prospective randomized trial of propranolol versus placebo in the prevention of a first variceal hemorrhage
    • Groszmann RJ, Bosch J, Grace ND, et al. Hemodynamic events in a prospective randomized trial of propranolol versus placebo in the prevention of a first variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1990;99:1401–7.
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.99 , pp. 1401-1407
    • Groszmann, R.J.1    Bosch, J.2    Grace, N.D.3
  • 145
    • 0029839762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurements in alcoholic cirrhosis: A 10-year prospective study
    • Vorobioff J, Groszmann RJ, Picabea E, et al. Prognostic value of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurements in alcoholic cirrhosis: a 10-year prospective study. Gastroenterology 1996;111:701–9.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.111 , pp. 701-709
    • Vorobioff, J.1    Groszmann, R.J.2    Picabea, E.3
  • 146
    • 0029819770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatic venous pressure gradient: Has the time arrived for its application in clinical practice?
    • Groszmann RJ. The hepatic venous pressure gradient: has the time arrived for its application in clinical practice? Hepatology 1996;24:739–41.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 739-741
    • Groszmann, R.J.1
  • 147
    • 0028790232 scopus 로고
    • Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis
    • Feu F, Garcia-Pagan JC, Bosch J, et al. Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Lancet 1995;346:1056–9.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1056-1059
    • Feu, F.1    Garcia-Pagan, J.C.2    Bosch, J.3
  • 148
    • 0032793950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doppler evaluation of the effects of pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension
    • Piscaglia F, Gaiani S, Donati G, et al. Doppler evaluation of the effects of pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension. Ultrasound Med Biol 1999;25:923–32.
    • (1999) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.25 , pp. 923-932
    • Piscaglia, F.1    Gaiani, S.2    Donati, G.3
  • 149
    • 0029134073 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of portal hypertension: A meta-analytic review
    • D’Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. The treatment of portal hypertension: a meta-analytic review. Hepatology 1995;22:332–54.
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 332-354
    • D’Amico, G.1    Pagliaro, L.2    Bosch, J.3
  • 150
    • 0033403318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension: An evidence-based approach
    • D’Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J. Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension: an evidence-based approach. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:475–505.
    • (1999) Semin Liver Dis , vol.19 , pp. 475-505
    • D’Amico, G.1    Pagliaro, L.2    Bosch, J.3
  • 151
    • 0035083039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding
    • Imperiale TF, Chalasani N. A meta-analysis of endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding. Hepatology 2001;33:802–7.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.33 , pp. 802-807
    • Imperiale, T.F.1    Chalasani, N.2
  • 152
    • 0036192233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic treatmentversus endoscopic plus pharmacologic treatment for acute variceal bleeding: A meta-analysis
    • Banares R, Albillos A, Rincon D, et al. Endoscopic treatmentversus endoscopic plus pharmacologic treatment for acute variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Hepatology 2002;35:609–15.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.35 , pp. 609-615
    • Banares, R.1    Albillos, A.2    Rincon, D.3
  • 153
    • 28144455912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis
    • Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, et al. Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2254–61.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2254-2261
    • Groszmann, R.J.1    Garcia-Tsao, G.2    Bosch, J.3
  • 154
    • 0032919940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of endoscopic variceal ligation in prophylactic therapy for bleeding of oesophageal varices: A prospective, controlled trial compared with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy
    • Gotoh Y, Iwakiri R, Sakata Y, et al. Evaluation of endoscopic variceal ligation in prophylactic therapy for bleeding of oesophageal varices: a prospective, controlled trial compared with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;14:241–4.
    • (1999) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.14 , pp. 241-244
    • Gotoh, Y.1    Iwakiri, R.2    Sakata, Y.3
  • 155
    • 0033118990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of endoscopic ligation and propranolol for the primary prevention of variceal bleeding
    • Sarin SK, Lamba GS, Kumar M, et al. Comparison of endoscopic ligation and propranolol for the primary prevention of variceal bleeding. N Engl J Med 1999;340:988–93.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 988-993
    • Sarin, S.K.1    Lamba, G.S.2    Kumar, M.3
  • 156
    • 3042700818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligation versus propranolol for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis
    • Schepke M, Kleber G, Nurnberg D, et al. Ligation versus propranolol for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2004;40:65–72.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.40 , pp. 65-72
    • Schepke, M.1    Kleber, G.2    Nurnberg, D.3
  • 157
    • 0026959086 scopus 로고
    • [propranolol in children and adolescents with portal hypertension: Its dosage and the clinical, cardiovascular and biochemical effects]
    • de Kolster CC, Rapa de Higuera M, Carvajal A, et al. [Propranolol in children and adolescents with portal hypertension: its dosage and the clinical, cardiovascular and biochemical effects]. G E N 1992;46:199–207.
    • (1992) G E N , vol.46 , pp. 199-207
    • De Kolster, C.C.1    Rapa De Higuera, M.2    Carvajal, A.3
  • 158
    • 0033511314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propranolol in prevention of portalhypertensivehemorrhage inchildren: A pilot study
    • Shashidhar H, Langhans N, Grand RJ. Propranolol in prevention of portalhypertensivehemorrhage inchildren: a pilot study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;29:12–17.
    • (1999) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.29 , pp. 12-17
    • Shashidhar, H.1    Langhans, N.2    Grand, R.J.3
  • 159
    • 1642633613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propranolol for primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in children with cirrhosis
    • Ozsoylu S, Kocak N, Demir H, et al. Propranolol for primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in children with cirrhosis. Turk J Pediatr 2000;42:31–3.
    • (2000) Turk J Pediatr , vol.42 , pp. 31-33
    • Ozsoylu, S.1    Kocak, N.2    Demir, H.3
  • 160
    • 0021265947 scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled studyofpropranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: A final report
    • Lebrec D, Poynard T, Bernuau J, et al. A randomized controlled studyofpropranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a final report. Hepatology 1984;4:355–8.
    • (1984) Hepatology , vol.4 , pp. 355-358
    • Lebrec, D.1    Poynard, T.2    Bernuau, J.3
  • 161
    • 0023636686 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol in the prevention of first upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices
    • Pascal JP, Cales P. Propranolol in the prevention of first upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices. NEngl JMed 1987;317:856–61.
    • (1987) Nengl Jmed , vol.317 , pp. 856-861
    • Pascal, J.P.1    Cales, P.2
  • 162
    • 0025281738 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of value of propranolol in prevention of variceal haemorrhage
    • Hayes PC, Davis JM, Lewis JA, Bouchier IA. Meta-analysis of value of propranolol in prevention of variceal haemorrhage. Lancet 1990;336:153–6.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 153-156
    • Hayes, P.C.1    Davis, J.M.2    Lewis, J.A.3    Bouchier, I.A.4
  • 163
    • 0025906655 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate for portal hypertension in cirrhosis. A randomized controlled study
    • Garcia-Pagan JC, Feu F, Bosch J, Rodes J. Propranolol compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate for portal hypertension in cirrhosis. A randomized controlled study. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:869–73.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.114 , pp. 869-873
    • Garcia-Pagan, J.C.1    Feu, F.2    Bosch, J.3    Rodes, J.4
  • 164
    • 0030597496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of nadolol alone or with isosorbide mononitrate for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Gruppo-triveneto per l’ipertensione portale (gtip)
    • Merkel C, Marin R, Enzo E, et al. Randomized trial of nadolol alone or with isosorbide mononitrate for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Gruppo-Triveneto per L’ipertensione portale (GTIP). Lancet 1996;348:1677–81.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1677-1681
    • Merkel, C.1    Marin, R.2    Enzo, E.3
  • 165
    • 0030446623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute haemodynamic changes after oral carvedilol, a vasodilating beta-blocker, in patients with cirrhosis
    • Forrest EH, Bouchier IA, Hayes PC. Acute haemodynamic changes after oral carvedilol, a vasodilating beta-blocker, in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1996;25:909–15.
    • (1996) J Hepatol , vol.25 , pp. 909-915
    • Forrest, E.H.1    Bouchier, I.A.2    Hayes, P.C.3
  • 166
    • 0036894514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of long-term carvedilol and propranolol administration in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis
    • Banares R, Moitinho E, Matilla A, et al. Randomized comparison of long-term carvedilol and propranolol administration in the treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2002;36:1367–73.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 1367-1373
    • Banares, R.1    Moitinho, E.2    Matilla, A.3
  • 167
    • 0036731212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial comparing band ligation, propranolol, and isosorbide mononitrate
    • Lui HF, Stanley AJ, Forrest EH, et al. Primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial comparing band ligation, propranolol, and isosorbide mononitrate. Gastroenterology 2002;123:735–44.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , pp. 735-744
    • Lui, H.F.1    Stanley, A.J.2    Forrest, E.H.3
  • 168
    • 17544373930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prophylaxis against variceal bleeding: Beta-blockers, endoscopic ligation, or both?
    • Chalasani N, Boyer TD. Primary prophylaxis against variceal bleeding: beta-blockers, endoscopic ligation, or both? Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:805–7.
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 805-807
    • Chalasani, N.1    Boyer, T.D.2
  • 169
    • 0032212591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of increasing blood hemoglobin levels on systemic hemodynamics of acutely anemic cirrhotic patients
    • Elizalde JI, Moitinho E, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. Effects of increasing blood hemoglobin levels on systemic hemodynamics of acutely anemic cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 1998;29: 789–95.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.29 , pp. 789-795
    • Elizalde, J.I.1    Moitinho, E.2    Garcia-Pagan, J.C.3
  • 170
    • 0842264847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant-activated factor vii as hemostatic therapy in eight cases of severe hemorrhage from esophageal varices
    • Romero-Castro R, Jimenez-Saenz M, Pellicer-Bautista F, et al. Recombinant-activated factor VII as hemostatic therapy in eight cases of severe hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:78–84.
    • (2004) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.2 , pp. 78-84
    • Romero-Castro, R.1    Jimenez-Saenz, M.2    Pellicer-Bautista, F.3
  • 171
    • 1542619692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: A randomized trial
    • Hou MC, Lin HC, Liu TT, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial. Hepatology 2004;39:746–53.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.39 , pp. 746-753
    • Hou, M.C.1    Lin, H.C.2    Liu, T.T.3
  • 172
    • 0027202054 scopus 로고
    • Infectious sequelae after endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices: Role of antibiotic prophylaxis
    • Rolando N, Gimson A, Philpott-Howard J, et al. Infectious sequelae after endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices: role of antibiotic prophylaxis. J Hepatol 1993;18:290–4.
    • (1993) J Hepatol , vol.18 , pp. 290-294
    • Rolando, N.1    Gimson, A.2    Philpott-Howard, J.3
  • 173
    • 0024390394 scopus 로고
    • Controversies in the management of bleeding esophageal varices (1)
    • Terblanche J, Burroughs AK, Hobbs KE. Controversies in the management of bleeding esophageal varices (1). N Engl J Med 1989;320:1393–8.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 1393-1398
    • Terblanche, J.1    Burroughs, A.K.2    Hobbs, K.E.3
  • 174
    • 0032870515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of earlymeasurements of portal pressure inacute variceal bleeding
    • Moitinho E, Escorsell A, Bandi JC, et al. Prognostic value of earlymeasurements of portal pressure inacute variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology 1999;117:626–31.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.117 , pp. 626-631
    • Moitinho, E.1    Escorsell, A.2    Bandi, J.C.3
  • 176
    • 0026390702 scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic sclerotherapy for control of bleeding varices in children
    • Hill ID, Bowie MD. Endoscopic sclerotherapy for control of bleeding varices in children. Am J Gastroenterol 1991;86: 472–6.
    • (1991) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.86 , pp. 472-476
    • Hill, I.D.1    Bowie, M.D.2
  • 178
    • 0024808397 scopus 로고
    • Association of transdermal nitroglycerin to vasopressin infusion in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage: A placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Bosch J, Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Pagan JC, et al. Association of transdermal nitroglycerin to vasopressin infusion in the treatment of variceal hemorrhage: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 1989;10:962–8.
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.10 , pp. 962-968
    • Bosch, J.1    Groszmann, R.J.2    Garcia-Pagan, J.C.3
  • 179
    • 0022623007 scopus 로고
    • Terlipressin in bleeding esophageal varices: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study
    • Walker S, Stiehl A, Raedsch R, Kommerell B. Terlipressin in bleeding esophageal varices: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Hepatology 1986;6:112–5.
    • (1986) Hepatology , vol.6 , pp. 112-115
    • Walker, S.1    Stiehl, A.2    Raedsch, R.3    Kommerell, B.4
  • 180
    • 0021282453 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of intravenous somatostatin and vasopressin infusions in treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage
    • Kravetz D, Bosch J, Teres J, et al. Comparison of intravenous somatostatin and vasopressin infusions in treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage. Hepatology 1984;4:442–6.
    • (1984) Hepatology , vol.4 , pp. 442-446
    • Kravetz, D.1    Bosch, J.2    Teres, J.3
  • 181
    • 0025151951 scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of somatostatin for variceal bleeding. Emergency control and prevention of early variceal rebleeding
    • Burroughs AK, McCormick PA, Hughes MD, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of somatostatin for variceal bleeding. Emergency control and prevention of early variceal rebleeding. Gastroenterology 1990;99: 1388–95.
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.99 , pp. 1388-1395
    • Burroughs, A.K.1    McCormick, P.A.2    Hughes, M.D.3
  • 184
    • 0034081346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of octreotide in children with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding
    • Zellos A, Schwarz KB. Efficacy of octreotide in children with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;30:442–6.
    • (2000) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 442-446
    • Zellos, A.1    Schwarz, K.B.2
  • 185
    • 0031934799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of octreotide for the treatment of severe gastrointestinal bleeding in children
    • Siafakas C, Fox VL, Nurko S. Use of octreotide for the treatment of severe gastrointestinal bleeding in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998;26:356–9.
    • (1998) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 356-359
    • Siafakas, C.1    Fox, V.L.2    Nurko, S.3
  • 186
    • 0031943329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic effects of the somatostatin analog lanreotide in humans: Placebocontrolled, cross-over dose-ranging echo-doppler study
    • Mottet C, Sieber CC, Nauer A, et al. Hemodynamic effects of the somatostatin analog lanreotide in humans: placebocontrolled, cross-over dose-ranging echo-Doppler study. Hepatology 1998;27:920–5.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , pp. 920-925
    • Mottet, C.1    Sieber, C.C.2    Nauer, A.3
  • 187
    • 0025264251 scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in infants and children
    • Thapa BR, Mehta S. Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in infants and children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990;10:430–4.
    • (1990) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.10 , pp. 430-434
    • Thapa, B.R.1    Mehta, S.2
  • 188
    • 0025930654 scopus 로고
    • A prospective controlled study of the risk of bacteremia in emergency sclerotherapy of esophageal varices
    • Ho H, Zuckerman MJ, Wassem C. A prospective controlled study of the risk of bacteremia in emergency sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Gastroenterology 1991;101:1642–8.
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.101 , pp. 1642-1648
    • Ho, H.1    Zuckerman, M.J.2    Wassem, C.3
  • 189
    • 0023706649 scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices
    • Van Stiegmann G. Endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices. Am J Surg 1988;156(3 pt 2):9B–12B.
    • (1988) Am J Surg , vol.156 , Issue.3 , pp. 9BB-12B
    • Van Stiegmann, G.1
  • 190
    • 0024239292 scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic esophageal varix ligation: Technique and preliminary results in children
    • Hall RJ, Lilly JR, Stiegmann GV. Endoscopic esophageal varix ligation: technique and preliminary results in children. J Pediatr Surg 1988;23:1222–3.
    • (1988) J Pediatr Surg , vol.23 , pp. 1222-1223
    • Hall, R.J.1    Lilly, J.R.2    Stiegmann, G.V.3
  • 191
    • 0026780321 scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices
    • Stiegmann GV, Goff JS, Michaletz-Onody PA, et al. Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1527–32.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1527-1532
    • Stiegmann, G.V.1    Goff, J.S.2    Michaletz-Onody, P.A.3
  • 192
    • 0023907353 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of balloon tamponade in treatment of bleeding gastric and esophageal varices. Results in 151 consecutive episodes
    • Panes J, Teres J, Bosch J, Rodes J. Efficacy of balloon tamponade in treatment of bleeding gastric and esophageal varices. Results in 151 consecutive episodes. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33: 454–9.
    • (1988) Dig Dis Sci , vol.33 , pp. 454-459
    • Panes, J.1    Teres, J.2    Bosch, J.3    Rodes, J.4
  • 193
    • 0017079316 scopus 로고
    • Fibreoptic endoscopy and the use of the sengstaken tube in acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension and varices
    • Novis BH, Duys P, Barbezat GO, et al. Fibreoptic endoscopy and the use of the Sengstaken tube in acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension and varices. Gut 1976;17:258–63.
    • (1976) Gut , vol.17 , pp. 258-263
    • Novis, B.H.1    Duys, P.2    Barbezat, G.O.3
  • 194
    • 0025810845 scopus 로고
    • The fundal pile: Bleeding gastric varices
    • Millar AJ, Brown RA, Hill ID, et al. The fundal pile: bleeding gastric varices. J Pediatr Surg 1991;26:707–9.
    • (1991) J Pediatr Surg , vol.26 , pp. 707-709
    • Millar, A.J.1    Brown, R.A.2    Hill, I.D.3
  • 195
    • 0023712384 scopus 로고
    • Liver transplantation in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices
    • Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE, Todo S, et al. Liver transplantation in the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Surgery 1988;104: 697–705.
    • (1988) Surgery , vol.104 , pp. 697-705
    • Iwatsuki, S.1    Starzl, T.E.2    Todo, S.3
  • 196
    • 0023617084 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous transsplenic embolization of esophageal varices in a 5-year-old child
    • Rasinska G, Wermenski K, Rajszys P. Percutaneous transsplenic embolization of esophageal varices in a 5-year-old child. Acta Radiol 1987;28:299–301.
    • (1987) Acta Radiol , vol.28 , pp. 299-301
    • Rasinska, G.1    Wermenski, K.2    Rajszys, P.3
  • 197
    • 0024553053 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous transhepatic embolization of gastroesophageal varices: Results in 400 patients
    • L’Hermine C, Chastanet P, Delemazure O, et al. Percutaneous transhepatic embolization of gastroesophageal varices: results in 400 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;152:755–60.
    • (1989) AJR am J Roentgenol , vol.152 , pp. 755-760
    • L’Hermine, C.1    Chastanet, P.2    Delemazure, O.3
  • 198
    • 0029910559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transjugular portosystemic shunts in pediatric patients awaiting liver transplantation
    • Johnson SP, Leyendecker JR, Joseph FB, et al. Transjugular portosystemic shunts in pediatric patients awaiting liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996;62:1178–81.
    • (1996) Transplantation , vol.62 , pp. 1178-1181
    • Johnson, S.P.1    Leyendecker, J.R.2    Joseph, F.B.3
  • 199
    • 0031016319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (Tips) in an infant: A case report
    • Cao S, Monge H, Semba C, et al. Emergency transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in an infant: a case report. J Pediatr Surg 1997;32:125–7.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Surg , vol.32 , pp. 125-127
    • Cao, S.1    Monge, H.2    Semba, C.3
  • 200
    • 0029799175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of esophageal varices in children by endoscopic variceal ligation
    • Price MR, Sartorelli KH, Karrer FM, et al. Management of esophageal varices in children by endoscopic variceal ligation. J Pediatr Surg 1996;31:1056–9.
    • (1996) J Pediatr Surg , vol.31 , pp. 1056-1059
    • Price, M.R.1    Sartorelli, K.H.2    Karrer, F.M.3
  • 201
    • 0025976325 scopus 로고
    • The endoscopic and surgical management of portal hypertension in children: Analysis of 123 cases
    • Maksoud JG, Goncalves ME, Porta G, et al. The endoscopic and surgical management of portal hypertension in children: analysis of 123 cases. J Pediatr Surg 1991;26:178–81.
    • (1991) J Pediatr Surg , vol.26 , pp. 178-181
    • Maksoud, J.G.1    Goncalves, M.E.2    Porta, G.3
  • 202
    • 0030948590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: A follow-up study
    • Yachha SK, Sharma BC, Kumar M, Khanduri A. Endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: a follow-up study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997;24:49–52.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.24 , pp. 49-52
    • Yachha, S.K.1    Sharma, B.C.2    Kumar, M.3    Khanduri, A.4
  • 204
    • 0031739222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic variceal ligation in the management of gastroesophageal varices in postoperative biliary atresia
    • Sasaki T, Hasegawa T, Nakajima K, et al. Endoscopic variceal ligation in the management of gastroesophageal varices in postoperative biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 1998;33:1628–32.
    • (1998) J Pediatr Surg , vol.33 , pp. 1628-1632
    • Sasaki, T.1    Hasegawa, T.2    Nakajima, K.3
  • 205
    • 0036202165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation using a multiband ligator
    • Mc Kiernan PJ, Beath SV, Davison SM. A prospective study of endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation using a multiband ligator. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;34:207–11.
    • (2002) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.34 , pp. 207-211
    • Mc Kiernan, P.J.1    Beath, S.V.2    Davison, S.M.3
  • 206
    • 0025374409 scopus 로고
    • Sclerosants for variceal sclerotherapy: A critical appraisal
    • Sarin SK, Kumar A. Sclerosants for variceal sclerotherapy: a critical appraisal. Am J Gastroenterol 1990;85:641–9.
    • (1990) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.85 , pp. 641-649
    • Sarin, S.K.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 207
    • 85007826377 scopus 로고
    • Sclerotherapy after first variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Arandomizedmulticenter trial. the copenhagen esophageal varices sclerotherapy project
    • Sclerotherapy after first variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Arandomizedmulticenter trial. The Copenhagen Esophageal Varices Sclerotherapy Project. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1594–600.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 1594-1600
  • 208
    • 0022004487 scopus 로고
    • Improved survival following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: Final analysis of a controlled trial
    • Westaby D, Macdougall BR, Williams R. Improved survival following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: final analysis of a controlled trial. Hepatology 1985;5:827–30.
    • (1985) Hepatology , vol.5 , pp. 827-830
    • Westaby, D.1    Macdougall, B.R.2    Williams, R.3
  • 209
    • 0024560997 scopus 로고
    • Role of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy in the long-termmanagement of variceal bleeding: A meta-analysis
    • Infante-Rivard C, Esnaola S, Villeneuve JP. Role of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy in the long-termmanagement of variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 1989;96:1087–92.
    • (1989) Gastroenterology , vol.96 , pp. 1087-1092
    • Infante-Rivard, C.1    Esnaola, S.2    Villeneuve, J.P.3
  • 210
    • 0022395818 scopus 로고
    • Esophageal sclerotherapy: An effective modality in children
    • Vane DW, Boles ET Jr, Clatworthy HW Jr. Esophageal sclerotherapy: an effective modality in children. J Pediatr Surg 1985;20:703–7.
    • (1985) J Pediatr Surg , vol.20 , pp. 703-707
    • Vane, D.W.1    Boles, E.T.2    Clatworthy, H.W.3
  • 211
    • 0024337161 scopus 로고
    • Sclerotherapy for extrahepatic portal hypertension in childhood
    • Hassall E, Berquist WE, Ament ME, et al. Sclerotherapy for extrahepatic portal hypertension in childhood. J Pediatr 1989; 115:69–74.
    • (1989) J Pediatr , vol.115 , pp. 69-74
    • Hassall, E.1    Berquist, W.E.2    Ament, M.E.3
  • 212
    • 0024313694 scopus 로고
    • Sucralfate for the prevention of early rebleeding following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices
    • Polson RJ, Westaby D, Gimson AE, et al. Sucralfate for the prevention of early rebleeding following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Hepatology 1989;10:279–82.
    • (1989) Hepatology , vol.10 , pp. 279-282
    • Polson, R.J.1    Westaby, D.2    Gimson, A.E.3
  • 213
    • 0021142828 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord paralysis following sclerotherapy for esophageal varices
    • Seidman E, Weber AM, Morin CL, et al. Spinal cord paralysis following sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Hepatology 1984;4:950–4.
    • (1984) Hepatology , vol.4 , pp. 950-954
    • Seidman, E.1    Weber, A.M.2    Morin, C.L.3
  • 214
    • 0019868794 scopus 로고
    • Morphological changes in the terminal oesophagus with varices, following sclerosis of the wall
    • Helpap B, Bollweg L. Morphological changes in the terminal oesophagus with varices, following sclerosis of the wall. Endoscopy 1981;13:229–33.
    • (1981) Endoscopy , vol.13 , pp. 229-233
    • Helpap, B.1    Bollweg, L.2
  • 215
    • 0021256628 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial septicemia in patients undergoing sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage
    • Gerhartz HH, Sauerbruch T, Weinzierl M, Ruckdeschel G. Nosocomial septicemia in patients undergoing sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage. Endoscopy 1984;16:129–30.
    • (1984) Endoscopy , vol.16 , pp. 129-130
    • Gerhartz, H.H.1    Sauerbruch, T.2    Weinzierl, M.3    Ruckdeschel, G.4
  • 216
    • 0019960884 scopus 로고
    • Broncho-oesophageal fistula: A late complication of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy
    • Carr-Locke DL, Sidky K. Broncho-oesophageal fistula: a late complication of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy. Gut 1982;23: 1005–7.
    • (1982) Gut , vol.23 , pp. 1005-1007
    • Carr-Locke, D.L.1    Sidky, K.2
  • 217
    • 0023626717 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac tamponade as a result of endoscopic sclerotherapy: Report of a case
    • Tabibian N, Schwartz JT, Smith JL, Graham DY. Cardiac tamponade as a result of endoscopic sclerotherapy: report of a case. Surgery 1987;102:546–7.
    • (1987) Surgery , vol.102 , pp. 546-547
    • Tabibian, N.1    Schwartz, J.T.2    Smith, J.L.3    Graham, D.Y.4
  • 218
    • 0023911176 scopus 로고
    • Manometric and p h consequences of esophageal endosclerosis in children
    • Greenholz SK, Hall RJ, Sondheimer JM, et al. Manometric and p H consequences of esophageal endosclerosis in children. J Pediatr Surg 1988;23(1 pt 2):38–41.
    • (1988) J Pediatr Surg , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-41
    • Greenholz, S.K.1    Hall, R.J.2    Sondheimer, J.M.3
  • 219
    • 0030963527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic variceal ligation using a clipping apparatus in children with portal hypertension
    • Ohnuma N, Takahashi H, Tanabe M, et al. Endoscopic variceal ligation using a clipping apparatus in children with portal hypertension. Endoscopy 1997;29:86–90.
    • (1997) Endoscopy , vol.29 , pp. 86-90
    • Ohnuma, N.1    Takahashi, H.2    Tanabe, M.3
  • 220
    • 0029902380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The saeed six-shooter: A prospective study of a new endoscopic multiple rubber-band ligator for the treatment of varices
    • Saeed ZA. The Saeed Six-Shooter: a prospective study of a new endoscopic multiple rubber-band ligator for the treatment of varices. Endoscopy 1996;28:559–64.
    • (1996) Endoscopy , vol.28 , pp. 559-564
    • Saeed, Z.A.1
  • 221
    • 0029089566 scopus 로고
    • Cook d. Endoscopic ligation comparedwith sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. a metaanalysis
    • Laine L, Cook D. Endoscopic ligation comparedwith sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. A metaanalysis. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:280–7.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.123 , pp. 280-287
    • Laine, L.1
  • 222
    • 0030964814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective randomized trial of endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal band ligation for esophageal varices: Influence on gastropathy, gastric varices and variceal recurrence
    • Sarin SK, Govil A, Jain AK, et al. Prospective randomized trial of endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal band ligation for esophageal varices: influence on gastropathy, gastric varices and variceal recurrence. J Hepatol 1997;26:826–32.
    • (1997) J Hepatol , vol.26 , pp. 826-832
    • Sarin, S.K.1    Govil, A.2    Jain, A.K.3
  • 223
    • 0018956899 scopus 로고
    • Surgical management of portal hypertension in childhood: Long-term results
    • Fonkalsrud EW. Surgical management of portal hypertension in childhood: long-term results. Arch Surg 1980;115:1042–5.
    • (1980) Arch Surg , vol.115 , pp. 1042-1045
    • Fonkalsrud, E.W.1
  • 224
    • 0021061545 scopus 로고
    • Portal obstruction in children. Ii. results of surgical portosystemic shunts
    • Alvarez F, Bernard O, Brunelle F, et al. Portal obstruction in children. II. Results of surgical portosystemic shunts. J Pediatr 1983;103:703–7.
    • (1983) J Pediatr , vol.103 , pp. 703-707
    • Alvarez, F.1    Bernard, O.2    Brunelle, F.3
  • 225
    • 0027466936 scopus 로고
    • Side-to-side lienorenal shuntwithout splenectomy in noncirrhotic portal hypertension in children
    • Mitra SK, Rao KL, Narasimhan KL, et al. Side-to-side lienorenal shuntwithout splenectomy in noncirrhotic portal hypertension in children. J Pediatr Surg 1993;28:398–401; discussion 402.
    • (1993) J Pediatr Surg , vol.28 , pp. 398-401
    • Mitra, S.K.1    Rao, K.L.2    Narasimhan, K.L.3
  • 226
    • 0028089146 scopus 로고
    • Proximal splenorenal shunts for extrahepatic portal venousobstruction in children
    • Prasad AS, Gupta S, Kohli V, et al. Proximal splenorenal shunts for extrahepatic portal venousobstruction in children. Ann Surg 1994;219:193–6.
    • (1994) Ann Surg , vol.219 , pp. 193-196
    • Prasad, A.S.1    Gupta, S.2    Kohli, V.3
  • 227
    • 0029133593 scopus 로고
    • Selective distal splenorenal shunts for intractable variceal bleeding in pediatric portal hypertension
    • Evans S, Stovroff M, Heiss K, Ricketts R. Selective distal splenorenal shunts for intractable variceal bleeding in pediatric portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 1995;30:1115–18.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Surg , vol.30 , pp. 1115-1118
    • Evans, S.1    Stovroff, M.2    Heiss, K.3    Ricketts, R.4
  • 228
    • 0030962658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portosystemic shunting for paediatric portal hypertension
    • Shun A, Delaney DP, Martin HC, et al. Portosystemic shunting for paediatric portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 1997;32:489–93.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Surg , vol.32 , pp. 489-493
    • Shun, A.1    Delaney, D.P.2    Martin, H.C.3
  • 229
    • 30344452329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of rex shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension
    • Dasgupta R, Roberts E, Superina RA, Kim PC. Effectiveness of Rex shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 2006;41:108–12; discussion 112.
    • (2006) J Pediatr Surg , vol.41 , pp. 108-112
    • Dasgupta, R.1    Roberts, E.2    Superina, R.A.3    Kim, P.C.4
  • 230
    • 0024324945 scopus 로고
    • Controversies in the management of bleeding esophageal varices (2)
    • Terblanche J, Burroughs AK, Hobbs KE. Controversies in the management of bleeding esophageal varices (2). N Engl J Med 1989;320:1469–75.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 1469-1475
    • Terblanche, J.1    Burroughs, A.K.2    Hobbs, K.E.3
  • 231
    • 0033838329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic treatment of bleeding gastric varices by n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) injection: Long-term efficacy and safety
    • Huang YH, Yeh HZ, Chen GH, et al. Endoscopic treatment of bleeding gastric varices by N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) injection: long-term efficacy and safety. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:160–7.
    • (2000) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.52 , pp. 160-167
    • Huang, Y.H.1    Yeh, H.Z.2    Chen, G.H.3
  • 232
    • 0141459701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-2-butylcyanoacrylate for bleeding gastric varices: A united states pilot study and cost analysis
    • Greenwald BD, Caldwell SH, Hespenheide EE, et al. N-2-butylcyanoacrylate for bleeding gastric varices: a United States pilot study and cost analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1982–8.
    • (2003) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.98 , pp. 1982-1988
    • Greenwald, B.D.1    Caldwell, S.H.2    Hespenheide, E.E.3
  • 233
    • 0031439499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (Tips) in children
    • Heyman MB, La Berge JM, Somberg KA, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) in children. J Pediatr 1997;131:914–19.
    • (1997) J Pediatr , vol.131 , pp. 914-919
    • Heyman, M.B.1    La Berge, J.M.2    Somberg, K.A.3
  • 234
    • 0031907026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation in children: Initial clinical experience
    • Hackworth CA, Leef JA, Rosenblum JD, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation in children: initial clinical experience. Radiology 1998;206:109–14.
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.206 , pp. 109-114
    • Hackworth, C.A.1    Leef, J.A.2    Rosenblum, J.D.3
  • 235
    • 0033507189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension in pediatric patients
    • Heyman MB, La Berge JM. Role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;29:240–9.
    • (1999) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.29 , pp. 240-249
    • Heyman, M.B.1    La Berge, J.M.2
  • 236
    • 25644456868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tips with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent: Results of an italianmulticenter study
    • Vignali C, Bargellini I, Grosso M, et al. TIPS with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent: results of an Italianmulticenter study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;185:472–80.
    • (2005) AJR am J Roentgenol , vol.185 , pp. 472-480
    • Vignali, C.1    Bargellini, I.2    Grosso, M.3
  • 237
    • 33750597370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portal hypertension in children: Expertpediatricopiniononthe report of the baveno iv consensusworkshop on the methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension
    • Shneider B, Emre S, Groszmann R, et al. Portal hypertension in children: expertpediatricopiniononthe report of the Baveno IV consensusworkshop on the methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. Pediatr Transplant 2006;10:893–907.
    • (2006) Pediatr Transplant , vol.10 , pp. 893-907
    • Shneider, B.1    Emre, S.2    Groszmann, R.3
  • 238
    • 33750601882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical guidelines for the management of extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction
    • Superina R, Shneider B, Emre S, et al. Surgical guidelines for the management of extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction. Pediatr Transplant 2006;10:908–13.
    • (2006) Pediatr Transplant , vol.10 , pp. 908-913
    • Superina, R.1    Shneider, B.2    Emre, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.