메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 172, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 1219-1244

Fully generated scripted dialogue for embodied agents

Author keywords

Affective reasoning; Body language; Embodied conversational agents; Emotion modelling; Fully generated scripted dialogue; Multimodal interfaces; Natural language generation; Speech synthesis

Indexed keywords

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS; SPEECH PROCESSING; SPEECH SYNTHESIS; TEXT PROCESSING; USER INTERFACES;

EID: 42649139583     PISSN: 00043702     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2008.02.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0033715344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E. André, T. Rist, Presenting through performing: On the use of life-like characters in knowledge-based presentation systems, in: Proceedings IUI '2000: International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 2000
    • E. André, T. Rist, Presenting through performing: On the use of life-like characters in knowledge-based presentation systems, in: Proceedings IUI '2000: International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 2000
  • 2
    • 0000598952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The automated design of believable dialogues for animated presentation teams
    • Cassell J., Sullivan J., Prevost S., and Churchill E. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge
    • André E., Rist T., van Mulken S., Klesen M., and Baldes S. The automated design of believable dialogues for animated presentation teams. In: Cassell J., Sullivan J., Prevost S., and Churchill E. (Eds). Embodied Conversational Agents (2000), MIT Press, Cambridge
    • (2000) Embodied Conversational Agents
    • André, E.1    Rist, T.2    van Mulken, S.3    Klesen, M.4    Baldes, S.5
  • 3
    • 42649117726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating models of personality and emotions into lifelike characters
    • Affective Interactions: Towards a New Generation of Computer Interfaces. Paiva A. (Ed), Springer, Berlin
    • André E., Klesen M., Gebhard P., Allen S., and Rist T. Integrating models of personality and emotions into lifelike characters. In: Paiva A. (Ed). Affective Interactions: Towards a New Generation of Computer Interfaces. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 1814 (2000), Springer, Berlin
    • (2000) Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol.1814
    • André, E.1    Klesen, M.2    Gebhard, P.3    Allen, S.4    Rist, T.5
  • 4
    • 33749580738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making it up as you go along-improvising stories for pedagogical purposes
    • 6th International Conference, IVA 2006. Gratch J., Young M., Aylett R., Ballin D., and Olivier P. (Eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Aylett R.S., Figuieredo R., Louchart S., Dias J., and Paiva A. Making it up as you go along-improvising stories for pedagogical purposes. In: Gratch J., Young M., Aylett R., Ballin D., and Olivier P. (Eds). 6th International Conference, IVA 2006. LNAI vol. 4133 (2006), Springer, Berlin 307-315
    • (2006) LNAI , vol.4133 , pp. 307-315
    • Aylett, R.S.1    Figuieredo, R.2    Louchart, S.3    Dias, J.4    Paiva, A.5
  • 5
    • 33747201889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intonation of accessibility
    • Baumann S., and Grice M. The intonation of accessibility. Journal of Pragmatics 38 10 (2006) 1636-1657
    • (2006) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 1636-1657
    • Baumann, S.1    Grice, M.2
  • 6
    • 85089839302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Baumann, M. Grice, S. Steindamm, Prosodic marking of focus domains-categorical or gradient? in: Proceedings SpeechProsody 2006, Dresden, Germany, 2006, pp. 301-304
    • S. Baumann, M. Grice, S. Steindamm, Prosodic marking of focus domains-categorical or gradient? in: Proceedings SpeechProsody 2006, Dresden, Germany, 2006, pp. 301-304
  • 7
    • 42649138819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Baumann, M. Grice, Accenting accessible information, in: Proceedings Speech Prosody 2004, Nara, Japan, 2004, pp. 21-24
    • S. Baumann, M. Grice, Accenting accessible information, in: Proceedings Speech Prosody 2004, Nara, Japan, 2004, pp. 21-24
  • 8
    • 42649107396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Baumann, K. Hadelich, On the perception of intonationally marked givenness after auditory and visual priming, in: Proceedings AAI Workshop "Prosodic Interfaces", Nantes, France, 2003, pp. 21-26
    • S. Baumann, K. Hadelich, On the perception of intonationally marked givenness after auditory and visual priming, in: Proceedings AAI Workshop "Prosodic Interfaces", Nantes, France, 2003, pp. 21-26
  • 9
    • 42649085630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Bergenstråhle, Feedback gesture generation for embodied conversational agents, Technical Report ITRI-03-22, ITRI, University of Brighton, UK, 2003
    • M. Bergenstråhle, Feedback gesture generation for embodied conversational agents, Technical Report ITRI-03-22, ITRI, University of Brighton, UK, 2003
  • 10
    • 85009247888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Bulut, S.S. Narayanan, A.K. Syrdal, Expressive speech synthesis using a concatenative synthesiser, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2002
    • M. Bulut, S.S. Narayanan, A.K. Syrdal, Expressive speech synthesis using a concatenative synthesiser, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2002
  • 11
    • 42649116676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Busemann, H. Horacek, A flexible shallow approach to text generation, in: Proceedings 9th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Canada, 1998, pp. 238-247
    • S. Busemann, H. Horacek, A flexible shallow approach to text generation, in: Proceedings 9th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Canada, 1998, pp. 238-247
  • 13
    • 42649105377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. Carlson, T. Sigvardson, A. Sjölander, Data-driven formant synthesis, Progress Report No. 44, KTH Stockholm, Sweden, 2002
    • R. Carlson, T. Sigvardson, A. Sjölander, Data-driven formant synthesis, Progress Report No. 44, KTH Stockholm, Sweden, 2002
  • 14
    • 0003517572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cassell J., Sullivan J., Prevost S., and Churchill E. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • In: Cassell J., Sullivan J., Prevost S., and Churchill E. (Eds). Embodied Conversational Agents (2000), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • (2000) Embodied Conversational Agents
  • 15
    • 42649133724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Cassell, M. Stone, H. Yan, Coordination and context-dependence in the generation of embodied conversation, in: Proceedings First International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG'2000), Mitzpe Ramon, Israel, 2000, pp. 12-16
    • J. Cassell, M. Stone, H. Yan, Coordination and context-dependence in the generation of embodied conversation, in: Proceedings First International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG'2000), Mitzpe Ramon, Israel, 2000, pp. 12-16
  • 16
    • 0035148829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J. Cassell, H. Vilhjálmsson, T. Bickmore, BEAT: The behavior expression animation toolkit, in: Proceedings ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, Los Angeles, USA, 2001, pp. 477-486
    • J. Cassell, H. Vilhjálmsson, T. Bickmore, BEAT: The behavior expression animation toolkit, in: Proceedings ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, Los Angeles, USA, 2001, pp. 477-486
  • 17
    • 52149116413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Cavazza, M. Charles, Dialogue generation in character-based interactive storytelling, in: Proceedings AIIDE, 2005
    • M. Cavazza, M. Charles, Dialogue generation in character-based interactive storytelling, in: Proceedings AIIDE, 2005
  • 19
    • 0037382510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech
    • (Special Issue on Speech and Emotion)
    • Cowie R., and Cornelius R.R. Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech. Speech Communication 40 1-2 (2003) 5-32 (Special Issue on Speech and Emotion)
    • (2003) Speech Communication , vol.40 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 5-32
    • Cowie, R.1    Cornelius, R.R.2
  • 21
    • 42649130595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. De Angeli, N. Bianchi-Berthouze (Eds.), Proceedings AVI 2006 Workshop on Gender and Interaction: Real and Virtual Women in a Male World, Venice, Italy, 2006
    • A. De Angeli, N. Bianchi-Berthouze (Eds.), Proceedings AVI 2006 Workshop on Gender and Interaction: Real and Virtual Women in a Male World, Venice, Italy, 2006
  • 23
    • 0033895129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of animated interface agents: A review of empirical research
    • Dehn D.M., and Van Mulken S. The impact of animated interface agents: A review of empirical research. Journal of Human-Computer Studies 52 1 (2000) 1-22
    • (2000) Journal of Human-Computer Studies , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-22
    • Dehn, D.M.1    Van Mulken, S.2
  • 24
    • 0037380084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional speech: Towards a new generation of databases
    • (Special Issue Speech and Emotion)
    • Douglas-Cowie E., Campbell N., Cowie R., and Roach P. Emotional speech: Towards a new generation of databases. Speech Communication 40 1-2 (2003) 33-60 (Special Issue Speech and Emotion)
    • (2003) Speech Communication , vol.40 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 33-60
    • Douglas-Cowie, E.1    Campbell, N.2    Cowie, R.3    Roach, P.4
  • 25
    • 0030355972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. Dutoit, V. Pagel, N. Pierret, F. Bataille, O.V. Vrecken, The mbrola project: Towards a set of high quality speech synthesisers free of use for non-commercial purposes, in: Proceedings 4th International Conference of Spoken Language Processing, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 1393-1396
    • T. Dutoit, V. Pagel, N. Pierret, F. Bataille, O.V. Vrecken, The mbrola project: Towards a set of high quality speech synthesisers free of use for non-commercial purposes, in: Proceedings 4th International Conference of Spoken Language Processing, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 1393-1396
  • 26
    • 42649142200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K.R. Echavarria, M. Généreux, D. Arnold, A. Day, J. Glauert, Multilingual virtual city guides, in: Proceedings Graphicon, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2005
    • K.R. Echavarria, M. Généreux, D. Arnold, A. Day, J. Glauert, Multilingual virtual city guides, in: Proceedings Graphicon, Novosibirsk, Russia, 2005
  • 27
    • 42649143508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from:
    • Elhadad M. FUF/SURGE Homepage. Available from: (19 September 2006). http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/surge
    • (2006) FUF/SURGE Homepage
    • Elhadad, M.1
  • 28
    • 42649141874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G. Erbach, Profit 1.54 user's guide, University of the Saarland, December 3, 1995
    • G. Erbach, Profit 1.54 user's guide, University of the Saarland, December 3, 1995
  • 29
    • 42649122889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Gebhard, M. Kipp, M. Klesen, T. Rist, Adding the emotional dimension to scripting character dialogues, in: Proceedings 4th International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'03)
    • P. Gebhard, M. Kipp, M. Klesen, T. Rist, Adding the emotional dimension to scripting character dialogues, in: Proceedings 4th International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'03)
  • 30
    • 42649129284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Gebhard, ALMA-a layered model of affect, in: Proceedings 4th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS'05), Utrecht, Netherlands, 2005, pp. 29-36
    • P. Gebhard, ALMA-a layered model of affect, in: Proceedings 4th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS'05), Utrecht, Netherlands, 2005, pp. 29-36
  • 31
    • 42649110290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Gebhard, K.H. Kipp, Are computer-generated emotions and moods plausible to humans? in: Proceedings 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'06), Marina Del Rey, USA, 2006
    • P. Gebhard, K.H. Kipp, Are computer-generated emotions and moods plausible to humans? in: Proceedings 6th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA'06), Marina Del Rey, USA, 2006
  • 34
    • 33749543661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FearNot's appearance: Reflecting children's expectations and perspectives
    • Proceedings 6th International Conference, IVA 2006. Gratch J., Young M., Aylett R., Ballin D., and Olivier P. (Eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Hall L., Vala M., Hall M., Webster M., Woods S., Gordon A., and Aylett R. FearNot's appearance: Reflecting children's expectations and perspectives. In: Gratch J., Young M., Aylett R., Ballin D., and Olivier P. (Eds). Proceedings 6th International Conference, IVA 2006. LNAI vol. 4133 (2006), Springer, Berlin 407-419
    • (2006) LNAI , vol.4133 , pp. 407-419
    • Hall, L.1    Vala, M.2    Hall, M.3    Webster, M.4    Woods, S.5    Gordon, A.6    Aylett, R.7
  • 35
    • 0027684991 scopus 로고
    • Pitch accent in context: Predicting intonational prominence from text
    • Hirschberg J. Pitch accent in context: Predicting intonational prominence from text. Artificial Intelligence 63 (1993) 305-340
    • (1993) Artificial Intelligence , vol.63 , pp. 305-340
    • Hirschberg, J.1
  • 36
    • 42649109974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L. Hiyakumoto, S. Prevost, J. Cassell, Semantic and discourse information for text-to-speech intonation, in: ACL Workshop on Concept-to-Speech Technology, 1997
    • L. Hiyakumoto, S. Prevost, J. Cassell, Semantic and discourse information for text-to-speech intonation, in: ACL Workshop on Concept-to-Speech Technology, 1997
  • 38
    • 42649144693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Iida, N. Campbell, S. Iga, F. Higuchi, M.A. Yasumura, Speech synthesis system with emotion for assisting communication, in: Proceedings ISCA Workshop on Speech and Emotion, Northern Ireland, 2000, pp. 167-172
    • A. Iida, N. Campbell, S. Iga, F. Higuchi, M.A. Yasumura, Speech synthesis system with emotion for assisting communication, in: Proceedings ISCA Workshop on Speech and Emotion, Northern Ireland, 2000, pp. 167-172
  • 41
    • 42649130946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Kantrowitz, GLINDA: Natural language text generation in the oz interactive fiction project, Technical Report CMU-CS-90-158, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990
    • M. Kantrowitz, GLINDA: Natural language text generation in the oz interactive fiction project, Technical Report CMU-CS-90-158, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990
  • 42
    • 42649140486 scopus 로고
    • Integrated natural language generation systems
    • Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation. Roesner D., and Stock O. (Eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Kantrowitz M., and Bates J. Integrated natural language generation systems. Aspects of Automated Natural Language Generation. In: Roesner D., and Stock O. (Eds). NAI vol. 587 (1992), Springer, Berlin
    • (1992) NAI , vol.587
    • Kantrowitz, M.1    Bates, J.2
  • 43
    • 42649083588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H. Kasuya, K. Maekawa, S. Kiritani, Joint estimation of voice source and vocal tract parameters as applied to the study of voice source dynamics, in: Proceedings 14th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, USA, pp. 2505-2512
    • H. Kasuya, K. Maekawa, S. Kiritani, Joint estimation of voice source and vocal tract parameters as applied to the study of voice source dynamics, in: Proceedings 14th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, USA, pp. 2505-2512
  • 44
    • 12844251654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesizing multimodal utterances for conversational agents
    • Kopp S., and Wachsmuth I. Synthesizing multimodal utterances for conversational agents. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 15 1 (2004) 39-52
    • (2004) Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-52
    • Kopp, S.1    Wachsmuth, I.2
  • 45
    • 7444232290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imitation games with an artificial agent: From mimicking to understanding shape-related iconic gestures
    • Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction. Camurri X., and Volpe X. (Eds), Springer, Berlin
    • Kopp S., Sowa T., and Wachsmuth I. Imitation games with an artificial agent: From mimicking to understanding shape-related iconic gestures. In: Camurri X., and Volpe X. (Eds). Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction. LNAI vol. 2915 (2004), Springer, Berlin 436-447. http://www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/%7Eskopp/download/gesture_imitation_GW03.pdf
    • (2004) LNAI , vol.2915 , pp. 436-447
    • Kopp, S.1    Sowa, T.2    Wachsmuth, I.3
  • 46
    • 33749554415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a common framework for multimodal generation in ECAs: The behavior markup language
    • Intelligent Virtual Agents 2006. Gratch J., et al. (Ed), Springer, Berlin
    • Kopp S., Krenn B., Marsella S., Marshall A., Pelachaud C., Pirker H., Thorisson K., and Vilhjalmsson H. Towards a common framework for multimodal generation in ECAs: The behavior markup language. In: Gratch J., et al. (Ed). Intelligent Virtual Agents 2006. LNAI vol. 4133 (2006), Springer, Berlin 205-217
    • (2006) LNAI , vol.4133 , pp. 205-217
    • Kopp, S.1    Krenn, B.2    Marsella, S.3    Marshall, A.4    Pelachaud, C.5    Pirker, H.6    Thorisson, K.7    Vilhjalmsson, H.8
  • 47
    • 42649100212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Kranstedt, S. Kopp, I. Wachsmuth, MURML: A multimodal utterance representation markup language for conversational agents, in: Proceedings AAMAS'02 Workshop Embodied conversational agents-let's specify and evaluate them! Bologna, Italy, 2002
    • A. Kranstedt, S. Kopp, I. Wachsmuth, MURML: A multimodal utterance representation markup language for conversational agents, in: Proceedings AAMAS'02 Workshop Embodied conversational agents-let's specify and evaluate them! Bologna, Italy, 2002
  • 48
    • 33750685099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifelike agents for the Internet: A cross-cultural case study
    • Payr S., and Trappl R. (Eds), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, NJ
    • Krenn B., Neumayr B., Gstrein E., and Grice M. Lifelike agents for the Internet: A cross-cultural case study. In: Payr S., and Trappl R. (Eds). Agent Culture: Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World (2004), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, NJ 197-229
    • (2004) Agent Culture: Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World , pp. 197-229
    • Krenn, B.1    Neumayr, B.2    Gstrein, E.3    Grice, M.4
  • 49
    • 42649118059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B. Krenn, H. Pirker, Defining the gesticon: Language and gesture coordination for interacting embodied agents, in: Proceedings AISB-2004 Symposium on Language, Speech and Gesture for Expressive Characters, University of Leeds, UK, 2004, pp. 107-115
    • B. Krenn, H. Pirker, Defining the gesticon: Language and gesture coordination for interacting embodied agents, in: Proceedings AISB-2004 Symposium on Language, Speech and Gesture for Expressive Characters, University of Leeds, UK, 2004, pp. 107-115
  • 51
    • 42649097512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J.C. Lester, S.A. Converse, S.E. Kahler, S.T. Barlow, B.A. Stone, R.S. Bhoga, The persona effect: Affective impact of animated pedagogical agents, in: Proceedings CHI Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, 1997
    • J.C. Lester, S.A. Converse, S.E. Kahler, S.T. Barlow, B.A. Stone, R.S. Bhoga, The persona effect: Affective impact of animated pedagogical agents, in: Proceedings CHI Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, 1997
  • 53
    • 42649087687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Loyall, Believable agents: Building interactive personalities, Ph.D. thesis, CMU, Technical Report CMU-CS-97-123
    • A. Loyall, Believable agents: Building interactive personalities, Ph.D. thesis, CMU, Technical Report CMU-CS-97-123
  • 54
    • 42649133723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Marsella, W.L. Johnson, C. LaBore, Interactive pedagogical drama for health interventions, in: AIED 2003, 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Australia, 2003
    • S. Marsella, W.L. Johnson, C. LaBore, Interactive pedagogical drama for health interventions, in: AIED 2003, 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Australia, 2003
  • 55
    • 42649105040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Mateas, A. Stern, Facade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama, in: Game Developer's Conference: Game Design Track, San Jose, California, 2003
    • M. Mateas, A. Stern, Facade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama, in: Game Developer's Conference: Game Design Track, San Jose, California, 2003
  • 56
    • 0344576498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An augmented template-based approach to text realization
    • McRoy S., Channarukul S., and Ali S. An augmented template-based approach to text realization. Natural Language Engineering 9 4 (2003) 381-420
    • (2003) Natural Language Engineering , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-420
    • McRoy, S.1    Channarukul, S.2    Ali, S.3
  • 57
    • 42649129283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Monaghan, Intonation in a text-to-speech conversion system, Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991
    • A. Monaghan, Intonation in a text-to-speech conversion system, Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991
  • 58
    • 42649120912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • J.M. Montero, J. Gutiérrez-Arriola, J. Colás, E. Enríquez, J.M. Pardo, Analysis and modelling of emotional speech in Spanish, in: Proceedings 14th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, USA, 1999, pp. 957-960
    • J.M. Montero, J. Gutiérrez-Arriola, J. Colás, E. Enríquez, J.M. Pardo, Analysis and modelling of emotional speech in Spanish, in: Proceedings 14th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, USA, 1999, pp. 957-960
  • 59
    • 33744924515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Ndiaye, P. Gebhard, M. Kipp, M. Klesen, M. Schneider, W. Wahlster, Ambient intelligence in edutainment: Tangible interaction with life-like exhibit guides, in: Proceedings Conference on INtelligent TEchnologies for interactive entertainment (INTETAIN'05), Madonna di Campiglio, Italy, 2005
    • A. Ndiaye, P. Gebhard, M. Kipp, M. Klesen, M. Schneider, W. Wahlster, Ambient intelligence in edutainment: Tangible interaction with life-like exhibit guides, in: Proceedings Conference on INtelligent TEchnologies for interactive entertainment (INTETAIN'05), Madonna di Campiglio, Italy, 2005
  • 60
    • 42649129971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N. Nicolov, C. Mellish, G. Ritchie, Approximate generation from non-hierarchical representations, in: Proceedings 8th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Herstmonceux Castle, UK, 1996
    • N. Nicolov, C. Mellish, G. Ritchie, Approximate generation from non-hierarchical representations, in: Proceedings 8th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Herstmonceux Castle, UK, 1996
  • 63
    • 42649099888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Piwek, B. Krenn, M. Schröder, M. Grice, S. Baumann, H. Pirker, RRL: A rich representation language for the description of agent behaviour in NECA, in: Proceedings AAMAS Workshop Embodied Conversational Agents-Let's Specify and Evaluate Them! Bologna, Italy, 2002
    • P. Piwek, B. Krenn, M. Schröder, M. Grice, S. Baumann, H. Pirker, RRL: A rich representation language for the description of agent behaviour in NECA, in: Proceedings AAMAS Workshop Embodied Conversational Agents-Let's Specify and Evaluate Them! Bologna, Italy, 2002
  • 64
    • 42649126987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Piwek, A flexible pragmatics-driven language generator for animated agents, in: Proceedings of EACL (Research Notes), Budapest, Hungary, 2003
    • P. Piwek, A flexible pragmatics-driven language generator for animated agents, in: Proceedings of EACL (Research Notes), Budapest, Hungary, 2003
  • 65
    • 42649135478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Piwek, The effect of gestures on the perception of a dialogue between two embodied conversational agents: a pilot study, Technical Report ITRI-03-09, ITRI, University of Brighton, UK, 2003
    • P. Piwek, The effect of gestures on the perception of a dialogue between two embodied conversational agents: a pilot study, Technical Report ITRI-03-09, ITRI, University of Brighton, UK, 2003
  • 66
    • 42649128655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Piwek, K. van Deemter, Dialogue as discourse: Controlling global properties of scripted dialogue, in: Proceedings AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue, Stanford, California, 2003
    • P. Piwek, K. van Deemter, Dialogue as discourse: Controlling global properties of scripted dialogue, in: Proceedings AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue, Stanford, California, 2003
  • 67
    • 84858975971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Piwek, J. Masthoff, M. Bergenstrahle, Reference and gestures in dialogue generation: Three studies with embodied conversational agents, in: Proceedings AISB05 Joint Symposium on Virtual Social Agents Symposium, University of Herfordshire, UK, 2005, pp. 53-60
    • P. Piwek, J. Masthoff, M. Bergenstrahle, Reference and gestures in dialogue generation: Three studies with embodied conversational agents, in: Proceedings AISB05 Joint Symposium on Virtual Social Agents Symposium, University of Herfordshire, UK, 2005, pp. 53-60
  • 69
    • 0028531621 scopus 로고
    • Specifying intonation from context for speech synthesis
    • Prevost S., and Steedman M. Specifying intonation from context for speech synthesis. Speech Communication 15 (1994) 139-153
    • (1994) Speech Communication , vol.15 , pp. 139-153
    • Prevost, S.1    Steedman, M.2
  • 70
    • 42649126631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • W. Reilly, Believable social and emotional agents, Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, 1996
    • W. Reilly, Believable social and emotional agents, Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, 1996
  • 72
    • 0032675553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animated agents for procedural training in virtual reality: Perception, cognition and motor control
    • Rickel J., and Johnson W.L. Animated agents for procedural training in virtual reality: Perception, cognition and motor control. Applied Artificial Intelligence 13 (1999) 343-382
    • (1999) Applied Artificial Intelligence , vol.13 , pp. 343-382
    • Rickel, J.1    Johnson, W.L.2
  • 73
    • 42649102600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Y. Schabes, Mathematical and computational aspects of lexicalized grammars, Ph.D. thesis, Computer Science Department, University of Pennsylvania, 1990
    • Y. Schabes, Mathematical and computational aspects of lexicalized grammars, Ph.D. thesis, Computer Science Department, University of Pennsylvania, 1990
  • 74
    • 58149431345 scopus 로고
    • A scale for the judgement of facial expressions
    • Schlosberg H. A scale for the judgement of facial expressions. Journal of Experimental Psychology 29 (1941) 497-510
    • (1941) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 497-510
    • Schlosberg, H.1
  • 75
    • 42649130594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Schröder, Speech and emotion research: An overview of research frameworks and a dimensional approach to emotional speech synthesis, Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Phonetics, Saarland University (Phonus 7), 2004
    • M. Schröder, Speech and emotion research: An overview of research frameworks and a dimensional approach to emotional speech synthesis, Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Phonetics, Saarland University (Phonus 7), 2004
  • 76
    • 42649118717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Schröder, M. Grice, Expressing vocal effort in concatenative synthesis, in: Proceedings 15th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, Spain, 2003
    • M. Schröder, M. Grice, Expressing vocal effort in concatenative synthesis, in: Proceedings 15th International Conference of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, Spain, 2003
  • 77
    • 0142247093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The German text-to-speech synthesis system MARY: A tool for research, development and teaching
    • Schröder M., and Trouvain J. The German text-to-speech synthesis system MARY: A tool for research, development and teaching. International Journal of Speech Technology 6 (2003) 365-377
    • (2003) International Journal of Speech Technology , vol.6 , pp. 365-377
    • Schröder, M.1    Trouvain, J.2
  • 79
    • 42649112672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Stone, T. Bleam, C. Doran, M. Palmer, Lexicalized grammar and the description of motion events, in: TAG+: Workshop on Tree-Adjoining Grammar and Related Formalisms, 2000
    • M. Stone, T. Bleam, C. Doran, M. Palmer, Lexicalized grammar and the description of motion events, in: TAG+: Workshop on Tree-Adjoining Grammar and Related Formalisms, 2000
  • 80
    • 42649140167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Tassa, J.S. Liénard, A new approach to the evaluation of vocal effort by the psola method, in: WEB-SLS, The European Student Journal of Language and Speech, 2000
    • A. Tassa, J.S. Liénard, A new approach to the evaluation of vocal effort by the psola method, in: WEB-SLS, The European Student Journal of Language and Speech, 2000
  • 81
    • 42649140805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Traum, J. Bos, R. Cooper, S. Larsson, I. Lewin, C. Matheson, M. Poesio, A model of dialogue moves and information state revision, Trindi Project Deliverable D2.1, 1999
    • D. Traum, J. Bos, R. Cooper, S. Larsson, I. Lewin, C. Matheson, M. Poesio, A model of dialogue moves and information state revision, Trindi Project Deliverable D2.1, 1999
  • 82
    • 33745199418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O. Turk, M. Schröder, B. Bozkurt, L.M. Arslan, Voice quality interpolation for emotional text-to-speech synthesis, in: Proceedings Interspeech, Lisbon, Portugal, 2005, pp. 797-800
    • O. Turk, M. Schröder, B. Bozkurt, L.M. Arslan, Voice quality interpolation for emotional text-to-speech synthesis, in: Proceedings Interspeech, Lisbon, Portugal, 2005, pp. 797-800
  • 83
    • 33645981036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real versus template-based natural language generation: A false opposition?
    • van Deemter K., Krahmer E., and Theune M. Real versus template-based natural language generation: A false opposition?. Computational Linguistics 31 1 (2005) 15-24
    • (2005) Computational Linguistics , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-24
    • van Deemter, K.1    Krahmer, E.2    Theune, M.3
  • 84
    • 0012077248 scopus 로고
    • What's New? A semantic perspective on sentence accent
    • van Deemter K. What's New? A semantic perspective on sentence accent. Journal of Semantics 11 (1994) 1-31
    • (1994) Journal of Semantics , vol.11 , pp. 1-31
    • van Deemter, K.1
  • 85
    • 0001281158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The linguistic realisation of information packaging
    • Vallduví E., and Engdahl E. The linguistic realisation of information packaging. Linguistics 34 (1996) 459-519
    • (1996) Linguistics , vol.34 , pp. 459-519
    • Vallduví, E.1    Engdahl, E.2
  • 86
    • 33750057743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animating conversation in online games
    • Entertainment Computing ICEC. Rauterberg M. (Ed), Springer, Berlin
    • Vilhjalmsson H. Animating conversation in online games. In: Rauterberg M. (Ed). Entertainment Computing ICEC. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 3166 (2004), Springer, Berlin 139-150
    • (2004) Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol.3166 , pp. 139-150
    • Vilhjalmsson, H.1
  • 87
    • 42649139840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. White, M.E. Foster, J. Oberlander, A. Brown, Using facial feedback to enhance turn-taking in a multimodal dialogue system, in: Proceedings HCI International, 2005
    • M. White, M.E. Foster, J. Oberlander, A. Brown, Using facial feedback to enhance turn-taking in a multimodal dialogue system, in: Proceedings HCI International, 2005


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.