Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a South Indian Type 2 diabetic population - The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study 4

Diabetic Medicine

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 536-542

  Pradeepa, R ^a   Anitha, B ^a   Mohan, V ^a   Ganesan, A ^a   Rema, M ^a  

^a MADRAS DIABETES RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (India)

Author keywords

Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study Eye Study; Diabetic retinopathy; Postprandial hyperglycaemia; Risk factors; South Indians

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EYE PHOTOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INDIA; INSULIN TREATMENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MICROALBUMINURIA; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; RISK FACTOR; URBAN POPULATION;

DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RURAL HEALTH; SEX FACTORS; URBAN HEALTH;

EID: 42549083761     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: 14645491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02423.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: a review. Diab Met Rev 1989 5 : 559 570.
2. Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. In : Gan D, ed. Diabetes Atlas. 3rd edn. Brussels, Belgium : International Diabetes Federation, 2006 : 15 103.
3. Rema M, Deepa R, Mohan V. Prevalence of retinopathy at diagnosis among Type 2 diabetic patients attending a diabetic centre in South India. Br J Ophthal 2000 84 : 1058 1060.
4. Kohner EM, Aldington SJ, Stratton IM, Manley SE, Holman RR, Matthews DR et al. UK Prospective Diabetes Study 30: diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors. Arch Ophthalmol 1998 116 : 297 303.
5. Rema M, Premkumar S, Anitha B, Deepa R, Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in urban India: the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study-I. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005 46 : 2328 2333.
6. Mohan V. Why are Indians more prone to diabetes? J Assoc Physicians India. 2004 52 : 468 474.
7. Klein R, Klein BEK Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. J Am Med Assoc 1988 260 : 2864 2871.
8. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology 1998 105 : 1801 1815.
9. Dowse GK, Humphrey AR, Collins VR, Plehwe W, Gareeboo H, Fareed D et al. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in the multi-ethnic population of Mauritius. Am J Epidemiol 1998 147 : 448 457.
10. Tapp RJ, Shaw JE, Harper CA de Courten MP, Balkau B, McCarty DJ et al. AusDiab Study Group: the prevalence of and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Australian population. Diabetes Care 2003 26 : 1731 1737.
11. Stratton IM, Kohner EM, Aldington SJ Turner RC, Holman RR, Manley SE et al. UKPDS 50: risk factors for incidence and progression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes over 6 years from diagnosis. Diabetologia 2001 44 : 156 163.
12. Van Leiden HA, Dekker JM, Moll AC, Kato K, Yamamoto K, Kawashima A et al. Blood pressure, lipids, and obesity are associated with retinopathy: the Hoorn study. Diabetes Care 2002 25 : 1320 1325.
13. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XVI. The relationship of C-peptide to the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 1995 44 : 796 780.
14. Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL 3rd., Remaley NA, Murphy RP, Chantry K et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) report 22. Arch Ophthalmol 1996 114 : 1079 1084.
15. Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Rema M, Mohan A, Deepa R, Shanthirani S et al. The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) - study design and Methodology (Urban component) (CURES-1). J Assoc Physicians India 2003 51 : 863 870.
16. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998 15 : 539 553.
17. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JNC 7 Express. Bethesda, MD : National Institutes of Health, 2003 : 1 52.
18. Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A, Mohan V, Viswanathan M. Pancreatic beta-cell response in insulin-treated NIDDM patients - limitations of a random C-peptide measurement. Diabetes Metab 1987 13 : 27 30.
19. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972 18 : 499 502.
20. Varghese A, Deepa R, Rema M, Mohan V. Prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus at a diabetes centre in Southern India. Postgrad Med J 2001 77 : 399 402.
21. Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic colour fundus photographs - an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report no. 10. Ophthalmology 1991 98 : 786 806.
22. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 1. Arch Ophthalmol 1985 103 : 1796 1806.
23. Narendran V, John RK, Raghuram A, Ravindran RD, Nirmalam PK, Thulasiraj RD. Diabetic retinopathy among self-reported diabetes in southern India: a population-based assessment Br.J Ophthalmol 2002 86 : 1014 1018.
24. Dandona L, Dandona R, Naduvilath TJ, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Population-based assessment of diabetic retinopathy in an urban population in southern India. Br J Ophthal 1999 83 : 937 940.
25. Broadbent DM, Scott JA, Vora JP, Harding SP. Prevalence of diabetic eye disease in an inner city population: the Liverpool Diabetic Eye Study. Eye. 1999 13 : 160 165.
26. Philip S, Cowie LM, Olson JA. The impact of the Health Technology Board for Scotland's grading model on referrals to ophthalmology services. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 89 : 891 896.
27. Luckie R, Leese G, McAlpine R, Macewen CJ, Baines PS, Morris AD et al. Fear of visual loss in patients with diabetes: results of the Prevalence of Diabetic Eye Disease in Tayside, Scotland (P-DETS) study. Diabet Med 2007 24 : 1086 1092.
28. Mohan V, Alberti KGMM. Diabetes in the tropics. In : Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Defronzo RA, Keen H, eds. International Text Book of Diabetes Mellitus. Second edn. Chichester, UK : John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 1997 : 171 187.
29. Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J Med Res 2007 125 : 217 230.
30. Biswajit S. Postprandial plasma glucose level less than the fasting level in otherwise healthy individuals during routine screening. Indian J Clin Biochem 2006 21 : 67 71.
31. Tapp RJ, Zimmet PZ, Harper CA, McCarty DJ, Chitson P, Tonkin AM et al. Six-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: results from the Mauritius diabetes complication study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006 73 : 298 303.
32. McKay R, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Diabetic retinopathy in Victoria, Australia: the Visual Impairment Project. Br J Ophthalmol 2000 84 : 865 870.
33. Tung TH, Liu JH, Lee FL, Chen SJ, Li AF, Chou P. Population-based study of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Kinmen, Taiwan. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006 50 : 44 52.
34. Keen H, Lee ET, Russell D, Miki E, Bennett PH, Lu M. The appearance of retinopathy and progression to proliferative retinopathy: the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 2001 44 : S22 30.
35. Moriarty BJ, Dunn DT, Moriarty AP. Diabetic maculopathy in a Jamaican population. Int Ophthalmol 1989 13 : 301 303.
36. Service FJ, O'Brien PC. The relation of glycaemia to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetologia 2001 44 : 1215 1220.
37. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. J Am Med Assoc 1988 260 : 2864 2871.
38. Shiraiwa T, Kaneto H, Miyatsuka T, Kato K, Yamamoto K, Kawashima A et al. Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important predictor of the incidence of diabetic microangiopathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005 336 : 339 345.
39. 1c in Japanese Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2005 28 : 2806 2807.
40. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. Br Med J 1998 317 : 703 713.
41. West SK, Klein R, Rodriguez J, Munoz B, Broman AT, Sanchez R et al. Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a Mexican-American population: Proyecto VER. Diabetes Care 2001 24 : 1204 1209.
42. Yoshida Y, Hagura R, Hara Y, Sugasawa G, Akanuma Y. Risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001 51 : 195 203.
43. Bhopal R, Unwin N, White M, Yallop J, Walker L, Alberti KG et al. Heterogeneity of coronary heart disease risk factors in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and European origin populations: cross-sectional study. Br Med J 1999 319 : 215 220.
44. Klein BE, Moss SE, Klein R, Surawicz TS. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XIII. Relationship of serum cholesterol to retinopathy and hard exudates. Ophthalmology 1991 98 : 1261 1265.
45. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998 352 : 854 865.
46. Van Leiden HA, Dekker JM, Moll AC, Nijpels G, Heine RJ, Bouter LM et al. Risk factors for incident retinopathy in a diabetic and non-diabetic population: the Hoorn study. Arch Ophthalmol 2003 121 : 245 251.
47. Boelter MC, Gross JL, Canani LH, Costa LA, Lisboa HR, Tres GS et al. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is associated with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006 39 : 1033 1039.
48. Cruickshanks KJ, Ritter LL, Klein R, Moss SE. The association of microalbuminuria with diabetic retinopathy. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1993 100 : 862 867.
49. Voutilainen-Kaunisto RM, Terasvirta ME, Uusitupa MI, Niskanen LK. Occurrence and predictors of retinopathy and visual acuity in type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects: 10-year follow-up from the diagnosis. J Diabetes Complications 2001 15 : 24 33.
50. Deckert T, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Borch-Johnsen K, Jensen T, Kofoed-Enevoldsen A. Albuminuria reflects widespread vascular damage. The Steno hypothesis. Diabetologia 1989 32 : 219 226.
51. Correa ZM, Freitas AM, Marcon IM. Risk factors related to severity of diabetic retinopathy. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2003 66 : 739 743.