Conflict styles of men and women at six organization levels

International Journal of Conflict Management

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 148-166

  Thomas, Kenneth W ^a   Thomas, Gail Fann ^a   Schaubhut, Nancy ^b  

^a NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

^b CPP Inc Mountain View   (United States)

Author keywords

Conflict management; Gender; Senior management

Indexed keywords

EID: 42449134084     PISSN: 10444068     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/10444060810856085     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Amanatullah, E.T. (2006), "Negotiating assertively: exploring benefits of representing another to women in salary negotiations", paper presented at the Academy of Management meeting, Atlanta, GA, August 15.
2. Appelbaum, S.H., Audet, L. and Miller, J.C. (2003), "Gender and leadership? Leadership and gender? A journey through the landscape of theories", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 43-51.
3. Babcock, L. and Laschever, S. (2007), Women Don't Ask, Bandem Dell, New York, NY.
4. Blake, R.R. and Mouton, J.S. (1964), The Managerial Grid: Key Orientations for Achieving Production through People, Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX.
5. Brewer, N., Mitchell, P. and Weber, N. (2002), "Gender role, organizational status, and conflict management styles", The International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 78-94.
6. Cardona, F. (1995), "A comparative study of the styles of handling interpersonal conflict among students, faculty, and administrators", PhD dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
7. Catalyst (2004), "The bottom line: connecting corporate performance and gender performance", available at: http://catalyst.org/files/full/ financialperformancereport.pdf (accessed September 2007).
8. Chusmir, L.H. and Mills, J. (1989), "Gender differences in conflict resolution styles of managers: at work and at home", Sex Roles, Vol. 20 Nos 3-4, pp. 149-63.
9. Corporate Leadership Council (2004), "Fostering women's leadership", available at: www.corporateleadershipcouncil.com (accessed September 2007).
10. Eisenhardt, K.M., Kahwajy, J.L. and Burgeois, L.J. III (1997), "How top management teams can have a good fight", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 75 No. 4, pp. 77-85.
11. Finkelstein, S. (2003), Why Smart Executives Fail, Portfolio, New York, NY.
12. Fisher, R. and Ury, W. (1981), Getting to Yes, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.
13. Gosling, S.D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S. and John, O.P. (2004), "Should we trust web-based studies?", American Psychologist, Vol. 59 No. 2, pp. 93-104.
14. Harvey, J.B. (1974), "The Abilene paradox and other meditations on management", Organization Dynamics, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 63-80.
15. Hicks, J.L. (1970), "Some properties of ipsative, normative and forced choice normative measures", Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 74, pp. 167-84.
16. Hill, L.A. (2003), Becoming a Manager: How New Managers Master the Challenges of Leadership, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
17. Holt, J.L. and DeVore, C.J. (2005), "Culture, gender, organizational role, and styles of conflict resolution: a meta-analysis", International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 165-96.
18. Janis, I. (1972), Victims of Groupthink, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.
19. Kilmann, R.H. and Thomas, K.W. (1977), "Developing a forced-choice measure of conflict-handling behavior: the MODE instrument", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 37, pp. 309-25.
20. Korabik, K., Baril, G.L. and Watson, C. (1993), "Managers' conflict management style and leadership effectiveness: the moderating effects of gender", Sex Roles, Vol. 29 Nos 5-6, pp. 405-18.
21. Meyers, L.S., Garnst, G. and Guarino, A.J. (2006), Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Implementation, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
22. Munduate, L., Ganaza, J., Peiro, J.M. and Euwema, M. (1999), "Patterns of styles in conflict management and effectiveness", International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 5-24.
23. Naglieri, J.A., Drasgow, F., Schmit, M., Handler, L., Prifitera, A., Margolis, A. and Velasquez, R. (2004), "Psychological testing on the internet", American Psychologist, Vol. 59 No. 3, pp. 150-62.
24. O'Toole, J. and Lawler, E.E. III (2006), The New American Workplace, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY.
25. Pascale, R.T. (1990), Managing on the Edge: How the Smartest Companies Use Conflict to Stay Ahead, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.
26. Pruitt, D.G. and Rubin, J.Z. (1986), Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement, Random House, New York, NY.
27. Putnam, L.L. and Poole, M.S. (1987), "Conflict and negotiation", in Jablin, F.M., Putnam, L.L., Roberts, K.H. and Porter, L.M. (Eds), Handbook of Organizational Communication: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 549-99.
28. Radcliffe, J.A. (1970), "On the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule", in Buros, O.K. (Ed.), Personality Tests and Reviews, Grypon Press, Highland Park, NJ.
29. Rahim, M.A. (1983a), Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventories: Professional Manual, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
30. Rahim, M.A. (1983b), "A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 26, pp. 368-76.
31. Shell, G.R. (2001), "Bargaining styles and negotiation: the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument in negotiation training", Negotiation Journal, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 155-74.
32. Sone, P.G. (1981), "The effects of gender on managers' resolution of superior-subordinate conflict", PhD dissertation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ.
33. Sorenson, P.S., Hawkins, K. and Sorenson, R.L. (1995), "Gender, psychological type and conflict style preference", Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 115-26.
34. Thomas, K.W. (1976), "Conflict and conflict management", in Dunnette, M.D. (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Rand-McNally, Chicago, IL, pp. 889-935.
35. Thomas, K.W. (1988), "The conflict-handling modes: toward more precise theory", Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 430-6.
36. Thomas, K.W. (1992), "Conflict and negotiation processes in organizations", in Dunnette, M.D. and Hough, L.M. (Eds), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed., Vol. 3, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 651-717.
37. Thomas, K.W. (2002), Introduction to Conflict Management: Improving Performance Using the TKI, CPP, Mountain View, CA.
38. Thomas, K.W. and Kilmann, R.H. (1974), Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, Xicom, Tuxedo, NY.
39. Thomas, K.W. and Kilmann, R.H. (1975), "The social desirability variable in organizational research: an alternative explanation for reported findings", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 741-52.
40. Thomas, K.W. and Kilmann, R.H. (2002), Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, rev. ed., CPP, Mountain View, CA.
41. Thomas, K.W. and Thomas, G.F. (2004), Introduction to Conflict and Teams, CPP, Mountain View, CA.
42. Van de Vliert, E. (1997), Complex Interpersonal Conflict Behaviour: Theoretical Frontiers, Psychology Press, Hove.
43. Van de Vliert, E., Nauta, A., Giebels, E. and Janssen, O. (1999), "Constructive conflict at work", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 475-91.
44. Cook, E.P. (1985), Psychological Androgyny, Pergamon Press, New York, NY.
45. Euwema, M.C., Van de Vliert, E. and Bakker, A.B. (2003), "Substantive and relational effectiveness of organizational conflict behavior", International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 119-39.
46. Kilmann, R.H. and Thomas, K.W. (1975), "Interpersonal conflict-handling behavior as reflections of Jungian personality dimensions", Psychological Reports, Vol. 37, pp. 971-80.
47. Tjosvold, D. (1991), The Conflict-Positive Organization: Stimulate Diversity and Create Unity, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
48. Welch, J. and Byrne, J.A. (2001), Jack: Straight from the Gut, Warner Books, New York, NY.
49. Womack, D.F. (1988), "Assessing the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Survey", Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 321-49.
50. Zaccaro, S.J. (2001), The Nature of Executive Leadership: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis of Success, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.