메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 159-166

Inpatient insulin therapy

Author keywords

Basal prandial correction therapy; Diabetes patient self management; Hypoglycemia; Insulin analogs; Intravenous insulin infusion

Indexed keywords

INSULIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT;

EID: 42449127112     PISSN: 1752296X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f827e7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0035829852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients
    • Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1359-1367.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1359-1367
    • Van den Berghe, G.1    Wouters, P.2    Weekers, F.3
  • 2
    • 32044465949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU
    • Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:449-461.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 449-461
    • Van den Berghe, G.1    Wilmer, A.2    Hermans, G.3
  • 3
    • 33845539898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: Benefit versus harm
    • Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Milants I, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: benefit versus harm. Diabetes 2006; 55:3151-3159.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 3151-3159
    • Van den Berghe, G.1    Wilmer, A.2    Milants, I.3
  • 4
    • 33846881763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current controversies around tight glucose control in critically ill patients
    • Devos P, Preiser JC. Current controversies around tight glucose control in critically ill patients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10:206-209.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.10 , pp. 206-209
    • Devos, P.1    Preiser, J.C.2
  • 5
    • 38049096093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis
    • Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:125-139.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 125-139
    • Brunkhorst, F.M.1    Engel, C.2    Bloos, F.3
  • 6
    • 34249677895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowering of glucose in critical care: A randomized pilot trial
    • discussion 8-9
    • McMullin J, Brozek J, McDonald E, et al. Lowering of glucose in critical care: a randomized pilot trial. J Crit Care 2007; 22:112-118; discussion 8-9.
    • (2007) J Crit Care , vol.22 , pp. 112-118
    • McMullin, J.1    Brozek, J.2    McDonald, E.3
  • 7
    • 34248675764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the benefits of euglycemia in the hospitalized patient
    • Braithwaite SS. Defining the benefits of euglycemia in the hospitalized patient. J Hosp Med 2007; 2 (S1):5-12.
    • (2007) J Hosp Med , vol.2 , Issue.S1 , pp. 5-12
    • Braithwaite, S.S.1
  • 8
    • 33947495107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating the diabetic disadvantage: The Portland Diabetic Project
    • Furnary AP, Wu Y. Eliminating the diabetic disadvantage: the Portland Diabetic Project. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 18:302-308.
    • (2006) Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.18 , pp. 302-308
    • Furnary, A.P.1    Wu, Y.2
  • 9
    • 33745320589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival benefits of intensive insulin therapy in critical illness: Impact of maintaining normoglycemia versus glycemia-independent actions of insulin
    • Ellger B, Debaveye Y, Vanhorebeek I, et al. Survival benefits of intensive insulin therapy in critical illness: impact of maintaining normoglycemia versus glycemia-independent actions of insulin. Diabetes 2006; 55:1096-1105.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 1096-1105
    • Ellger, B.1    Debaveye, Y.2    Vanhorebeek, I.3
  • 10
    • 34547830272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin maintains plasma antioxidant capacity at an early phase of kidney transplantation
    • Monge M, Ledeme N, Mazouz H, et al. Insulin maintains plasma antioxidant capacity at an early phase of kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22:1979-1985.
    • (2007) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.22 , pp. 1979-1985
    • Monge, M.1    Ledeme, N.2    Mazouz, H.3
  • 11
    • 33344458722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean glucose level is not an independent risk factor for mortality in mixed ICU patients
    • Ligtenberg JJ, Meijering S, Stienstra Y, et al. Mean glucose level is not an independent risk factor for mortality in mixed ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:435-438.
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 435-438
    • Ligtenberg, J.J.1    Meijering, S.2    Stienstra, Y.3
  • 13
    • 33745482771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin therapy and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Pittas AG, Siegel RD, Lau J. Insulin therapy and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006; 30:164-172.
    • (2006) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 164-172
    • Pittas, A.G.1    Siegel, R.D.2    Lau, J.3
  • 14
    • 35548943188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin therapy and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients a systematic review
    • Thomas G, Rojas MC, Epstein SK, et al. Insulin therapy and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients a systematic review. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22:2849-2855.
    • (2007) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.22 , pp. 2849-2855
    • Thomas, G.1    Rojas, M.C.2    Epstein, S.K.3
  • 15
    • 34447532517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood glucose control with insulin in the ICU: Facts and controversies
    • Vanhorebeek I, Langouche L, Van den Berghe G. Tight blood glucose control with insulin in the ICU: facts and controversies. Chest 2007; 132:268-278.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 268-278
    • Vanhorebeek, I.1    Langouche, L.2    Van den Berghe, G.3
  • 16
    • 33746811912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose variability with morbidity and death in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Wintergerst KA, Buckingham B, Gandrud L, et al. Association of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose variability with morbidity and death in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2006; 118:173-179.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , pp. 173-179
    • Wintergerst, K.A.1    Buckingham, B.2    Gandrud, L.3
  • 17
    • 34247638115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to achieve glycemic control despite intensive insulin therapy in a medical ICU: Incidence and influence on ICU mortality
    • Lacherade JC, Jabre P, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. Failure to achieve glycemic control despite intensive insulin therapy in a medical ICU: incidence and influence on ICU mortality. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:814-821.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 814-821
    • Lacherade, J.C.1    Jabre, P.2    Bastuji-Garin, S.3
  • 18
    • 33947497439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diabetic disadvantage. Historical outcomes measures in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery: The preintravenous insulin era
    • Brown JR, Edwards FH, O'Connor GT, et al. The diabetic disadvantage. Historical outcomes measures in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery: the preintravenous insulin era. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 18:281-288.
    • (2006) Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.18 , pp. 281-288
    • Brown, J.R.1    Edwards, F.H.2    O'Connor, G.T.3
  • 19
    • 33746583335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of hyperglycemia in the cardiac surgery population: The Portland diabetic project
    • Furnary AP, Wu Y. Clinical effects of hyperglycemia in the cardiac surgery population: the Portland diabetic project. Endocr Pract 2006; 12 (Suppl 3):22-26.
    • (2006) Endocr Pract , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 22-26
    • Furnary, A.P.1    Wu, Y.2
  • 20
    • 21344452769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative hyperglycemia and perioperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients
    • Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al. Intraoperative hyperglycemia and perioperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2005; 80:862-866.
    • (2005) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.80 , pp. 862-866
    • Gandhi, G.Y.1    Nuttall, G.A.2    Abel, M.D.3
  • 21
    • 33847308759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: A randomized trial
    • This provocative paper will require confirmation at other sites and in other patient populations in order to generalize the findings of the risk-benefit analysis of strict intraoperative glycemic control
    • Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al. Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:233-243. This provocative paper will require confirmation at other sites and in other patient populations in order to generalize the findings of the risk-benefit analysis of strict intraoperative glycemic control.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 233-243
    • Gandhi, G.Y.1    Nuttall, G.A.2    Abel, M.D.3
  • 22
    • 33845702757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inpatient diabetes: Review of data from the cardiac care unit
    • Hirsch IB. Inpatient diabetes: review of data from the cardiac care unit. Endocrine Practice 2006; 12 (Suppl 3):27-34.
    • (2006) Endocrine Practice , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 27-34
    • Hirsch, I.B.1
  • 23
    • 30044450280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved myocardial protection during coronary artery surgery with glucose-insulin-potassium: A randomized controlled trial
    • Quinn DW, Pagano D, Bonser RS, et al. Improved myocardial protection during coronary artery surgery with glucose-insulin-potassium: A randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131:34-42.
    • (2006) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.131 , pp. 34-42
    • Quinn, D.W.1    Pagano, D.2    Bonser, R.S.3
  • 24
    • 34147186346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmeltz LR, DeSantis AJ, Thiyagarajan V, et al. Reduction of surgical mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a combined intravenous and subcutaneous insulin glucose management strategy. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:823-828. The authors showed no excess of hyperglycemia-related morbidity or mortality after heart surgery during use of a sequentially applied regimen consisting of induction of euglycemia by the use of intravenous insulin infusion, followed by maintenance of euglycemia through early transition to basal-prandial-correction subcutaneous insulin therapy. The study is of practical importance because maintenance of intravenous insulin infusion after heart surgery when patients are otherwise ready for transfer out of the ICU is beyond the reach of many hospitals
    • Schmeltz LR, DeSantis AJ, Thiyagarajan V, et al. Reduction of surgical mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a combined intravenous and subcutaneous insulin glucose management strategy. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:823-828. The authors showed no excess of hyperglycemia-related morbidity or mortality after heart surgery during use of a sequentially applied regimen consisting of induction of euglycemia by the use of intravenous insulin infusion, followed by maintenance of euglycemia through early transition to basal-prandial-correction subcutaneous insulin therapy. The study is of practical importance because maintenance of intravenous insulin infusion after heart surgery when patients are otherwise ready for transfer out of the ICU is beyond the reach of many hospitals.
  • 25
    • 33748420764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: Impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical care, and quality-of-life
    • Ingels C, Debaveye Y, Milants I, et al. Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical care, and quality-of-life. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:2716-2724.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 2716-2724
    • Ingels, C.1    Debaveye, Y.2    Milants, I.3
  • 26
    • 33645864058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term glycemic control and postoperative infectious complications
    • Dronge AS, Perkal MF, Kancir S, et al. Long-term glycemic control and postoperative infectious complications. Arch Surg 2006; 141:375-380.
    • (2006) Arch Surg , vol.141 , pp. 375-380
    • Dronge, A.S.1    Perkal, M.F.2    Kancir, S.3
  • 27
    • 33847749015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased preoperative glucose levels are associated with perioperative mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery
    • Noordzij PG, Boersma E, Schreiner F, et al. Increased preoperative glucose levels are associated with perioperative mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 156:137-142.
    • (2007) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.156 , pp. 137-142
    • Noordzij, P.G.1    Boersma, E.2    Schreiner, F.3
  • 28
    • 25844462830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between hyperglycaemia on admission and 180-day mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes
    • Ainla T, Baburin A, Teesalu R, Rahu M. The association between hyperglycaemia on admission and 180-day mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes. Diabet Med 2005; 22:1321-1325.
    • (2005) Diabet Med , vol.22 , pp. 1321-1325
    • Ainla, T.1    Baburin, A.2    Teesalu, R.3    Rahu, M.4
  • 29
    • 33746366222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hyperglycemia: Intensive Insulin Infusion In Infarction (HI-5) Study: A randomized controlled trial of insulin infusion therapy for myocardial infarction
    • Cheung NW, Wong VW, McLean M. The Hyperglycemia: Intensive Insulin Infusion In Infarction (HI-5) Study: A randomized controlled trial of insulin infusion therapy for myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:765-770.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 765-770
    • Cheung, N.W.1    Wong, V.W.2    McLean, M.3
  • 30
    • 33745683649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of the change in glucose level in the first 24 h after acute myocardial infarction: Results from the CARDINAL study
    • Goyal A, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Prognostic significance of the change in glucose level in the first 24 h after acute myocardial infarction: results from the CARDINAL study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:1289-1297.
    • (2006) Eur Heart J , vol.27 , pp. 1289-1297
    • Goyal, A.1    Mahaffey, K.W.2    Garg, J.3
  • 31
    • 20544451806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: Implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes
    • Kosiborod M, Rathore SS, Inzucchi SE, et al. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation 2005; 111:3078-3086.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 3078-3086
    • Kosiborod, M.1    Rathore, S.S.2    Inzucchi, S.E.3
  • 32
    • 33847617352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of outcome in acute myocardial infarction
    • van der Horst IC, Nijsten MW, Vogelzang M, Zijlstra F. Persistent hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of outcome in acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007; 6:2.
    • (2007) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.6 , pp. 2
    • van der Horst, I.C.1    Nijsten, M.W.2    Vogelzang, M.3    Zijlstra, F.4
  • 33
    • 34447507946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased hospital morbidity among trauma patients with diabetes mellitus compared with age- and injury severity score-matched control subjects
    • Ahmad R, Cherry RA, Lendel I, et al. Increased hospital morbidity among trauma patients with diabetes mellitus compared with age- and injury severity score-matched control subjects. Arch Surg 2007; 142:613-618.
    • (2007) Arch Surg , vol.142 , pp. 613-618
    • Ahmad, R.1    Cherry, R.A.2    Lendel, I.3
  • 34
    • 34250176584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor glycemic control is associated with increased mortality in critically ill trauma patients
    • Gale SC, Sicoutris C, Reilly PM, et al. Poor glycemic control is associated with increased mortality in critically ill trauma patients. Am Surg 2007; 73:454-460.
    • (2007) Am Surg , vol.73 , pp. 454-460
    • Gale, S.C.1    Sicoutris, C.2    Reilly, P.M.3
  • 35
    • 34247546032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin protocol improves glucose control and is associated with a reduction in intensive care unit mortality
    • discussion 54-5
    • Reed CC, Stewart RM, Sherman M, et al. Intensive insulin protocol improves glucose control and is associated with a reduction in intensive care unit mortality. J Am Coll Surg 2007; 204:1048-1054; discussion 54-5.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Surg , vol.204 , pp. 1048-1054
    • Reed, C.C.1    Stewart, R.M.2    Sherman, M.3
  • 36
    • 34848922379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early glucose normalization does not improve outcome in the critically ill trauma population
    • discussion 72
    • Shin S, Britt RC, Reed SF, et al. Early glucose normalization does not improve outcome in the critically ill trauma population. Am Surg 2007; 73:769-772; discussion 72.
    • (2007) Am Surg , vol.73 , pp. 769-772
    • Shin, S.1    Britt, R.C.2    Reed, S.F.3
  • 37
    • 33646480900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia has a stronger relation with outcome in trauma patients than in other critically ill patients
    • discussion 8-9
    • Vogelzang M, Nijboer JM, van der Horst IC, et al. Hyperglycemia has a stronger relation with outcome in trauma patients than in other critically ill patients. J Trauma 2006; 60:873-877; discussion 8-9.
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , pp. 873-877
    • Vogelzang, M.1    Nijboer, J.M.2    van der Horst, I.C.3
  • 38
    • 24644437032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients
    • Sung J, Bochicchio GV, Joshi M, et al. Admission hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma 2005; 59:80-83.
    • (2005) J Trauma , vol.59 , pp. 80-83
    • Sung, J.1    Bochicchio, G.V.2    Joshi, M.3
  • 39
    • 33747170551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Admission blood glucose level and mortality among hospitalized nondiabetic patients with heart failure
    • Barsheshet A, Garty M, Grossman E, et al. Admission blood glucose level and mortality among hospitalized nondiabetic patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:1613-1619.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.166 , pp. 1613-1619
    • Barsheshet, A.1    Garty, M.2    Grossman, E.3
  • 40
    • 29244468299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unexpected inverse relationship between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with diabetes and advanced systolic heart failure
    • Eshaghian S, Horwich TB, Fonarow GC. An unexpected inverse relationship between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with diabetes and advanced systolic heart failure. Am Heart J 2006; 151:91.
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , pp. 91
    • Eshaghian, S.1    Horwich, T.B.2    Fonarow, G.C.3
  • 41
    • 34548398872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes and pneumonia outcomes: A population-based cohort study
    • Kornum JB, Thomsen RW, Riis A, et al. Type 2 diabetes and pneumonia outcomes: A population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:2251-2257.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 2251-2257
    • Kornum, J.B.1    Thomsen, R.W.2    Riis, A.3
  • 42
    • 15944373962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between hyperglycemia and outcomes in 2,471 patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia
    • McAlister FA, Majumdar SR, Blitz S, et al. The relation between hyperglycemia and outcomes in 2,471 patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:810-815.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 810-815
    • McAlister, F.A.1    Majumdar, S.R.2    Blitz, S.3
  • 43
    • 33645567943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Baker EH, Janaway CH, Philips BJ, et al. Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2006; 61:284-289.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 284-289
    • Baker, E.H.1    Janaway, C.H.2    Philips, B.J.3
  • 44
    • 33645579001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight glycaemic control in acute exacerbations of COPD
    • Finney SJ, Evans TW. Tight glycaemic control in acute exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2006; 61:275-279.
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , pp. 275-279
    • Finney, S.J.1    Evans, T.W.2
  • 45
    • 33645091912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and stroke. Part two: Treating diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in hospitalized stroke patients
    • Burroughs V, Weinberger J. Diabetes and stroke. Part two: treating diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in hospitalized stroke patients. Curr Cardiol Rep 2006; 8:29-32.
    • (2006) Curr Cardiol Rep , vol.8 , pp. 29-32
    • Burroughs, V.1    Weinberger, J.2
  • 46
    • 33644875625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia after SAH: Predictors, associated complications, and impact on outcome
    • Frontera JA, Fernandez A, Claassen J, et al. Hyperglycemia after SAH: predictors, associated complications, and impact on outcome. Stroke 2006; 37:199-203.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 199-203
    • Frontera, J.A.1    Fernandez, A.2    Claassen, J.3
  • 47
    • 33644638104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia, insulin, and acute ischemic stroke: A mechanistic justification for a trial of insulin infusion therapy
    • Garg R, Chaudhuri A, Munschauer F, Dandona P. Hyperglycemia, insulin, and acute ischemic stroke: a mechanistic justification for a trial of insulin infusion therapy. Stroke 2006; 37:267-273.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 267-273
    • Garg, R.1    Chaudhuri, A.2    Munschauer, F.3    Dandona, P.4
  • 48
    • 31544480399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased mortality by normalizing blood glucose after acute ischemic stroke
    • Gentile NT, Seftchick MW, Huynh T, et al. Decreased mortality by normalizing blood glucose after acute ischemic stroke. Acad Emerg Med 2006; 13:174-180.
    • (2006) Acad Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 174-180
    • Gentile, N.T.1    Seftchick, M.W.2    Huynh, T.3
  • 49
    • 33846681947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose measurement: Confounding issues in setting targets for inpatient management
    • Dungan K, Chapman J, Braithwaite SS, Buse J. Glucose measurement: confounding issues in setting targets for inpatient management. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:403-409.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 403-409
    • Dungan, K.1    Chapman, J.2    Braithwaite, S.S.3    Buse, J.4
  • 50
    • 33845707279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association Consensus Statement on Inpatient Diabetes and Glycemic Control
    • ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes
    • ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association Consensus Statement on Inpatient Diabetes and Glycemic Control. Endocrine Practice 2006; 12 (Suppl 3):3-13.
    • (2006) Endocrine Practice , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 3-13
  • 51
    • 40249120466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes: 2007
    • American Diabetes Association
    • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes: 2007. Diabetes Care 2008; 30 (Suppl 1):S12-S54.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 52
    • 33845667974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucometrics: Assessing the quality of inpatient glucose management
    • A method of analysis of hospital performance is proposed for assessment hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
    • Goldberg PA, Bozzo JE, Thomas PG, et al. "Glucometrics": assessing the quality of inpatient glucose management. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:560-569. A method of analysis of hospital performance is proposed for assessment hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
    • (2006) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 560-569
    • Goldberg, P.A.1    Bozzo, J.E.2    Thomas, P.G.3
  • 53
    • 33846678717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hyper- and hypoglycemia among inpatients with diabetes: A national survey of 44 U.S. hospitals
    • Overall glycemic management was suboptimal in 44 US hospitals
    • Wexler DJ, Meigs JB, Cagliero E, et al. Prevalence of hyper- and hypoglycemia among inpatients with diabetes: a national survey of 44 U.S. hospitals. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:367-369. Overall glycemic management was suboptimal in 44 US hospitals.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 367-369
    • Wexler, D.J.1    Meigs, J.B.2    Cagliero, E.3
  • 54
    • 33645129570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost analysis of intensive glycemic control in critically ill adult patients
    • Krinsley JS, Jones RL. Cost analysis of intensive glycemic control in critically ill adult patients. Chest 2006; 129:644-650.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , pp. 644-650
    • Krinsley, J.S.1    Jones, R.L.2
  • 55
    • 33746617077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial implications of glycemic control: Results of an inpatient diabetes management program
    • Cost-effectiveness of a diabetes management program is discussed
    • Newton CA, Young S. Financial implications of glycemic control: results of an inpatient diabetes management program. Endocr Pract 2006; 12 (Suppl 3): 43-48. Cost-effectiveness of a diabetes management program is discussed.
    • (2006) Endocr Pract , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 43-48
    • Newton, C.A.1    Young, S.2
  • 56
    • 33845932777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost analysis of intensive glycemic control in critically ill adult patients
    • Zijlstra JG, Corstjens AM, Tulleken JE, et al. Cost analysis of intensive glycemic control in critically ill adult patients. Chest 2006; 130:1953-1954.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 1953-1954
    • Zijlstra, J.G.1    Corstjens, A.M.2    Tulleken, J.E.3
  • 57
    • 31444452471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia and cardiac arrest in a critically ill patient on strict glycemic control
    • Bhatia A, Cadman B, Mackenzie I. Hypoglycemia and cardiac arrest in a critically ill patient on strict glycemic control. Anesth Analg 2006; 102:549-551.
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102 , pp. 549-551
    • Bhatia, A.1    Cadman, B.2    Mackenzie, I.3
  • 58
    • 34447506735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: Risk factors and outcomes
    • The serious concomitants of hypoglycemia and the associated increase of mortality among critically ill patients are confirmed
    • Krinsley JS, Grover A. Severe hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: risk factors and outcomes. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2262-2267. The serious concomitants of hypoglycemia and the associated increase of mortality among critically ill patients are confirmed.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 2262-2267
    • Krinsley, J.S.1    Grover, A.2
  • 59
    • 29744458366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predisposing factors for hypoglycemia in the intensive care unit
    • Vriesendorp TM, van Santen S, DeVries JH, et al. Predisposing factors for hypoglycemia in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:96-101.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 96-101
    • Vriesendorp, T.M.1    van Santen, S.2    DeVries, J.H.3
  • 60
    • 34548500618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients treated with antihyperglycemic agents
    • Varghese P, Gleason V, Sorokin R, et al. Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients treated with antihyperglycemic agents. J Hosp Med 2007; 2:234-240.
    • (2007) J Hosp Med , vol.2 , pp. 234-240
    • Varghese, P.1    Gleason, V.2    Sorokin, R.3
  • 61
    • 35948960340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a nurse initiated insulin infusion protocol for intensive insulin therapy between adult surgical trauma, medical and coronary care intensive care patients
    • Barth M, Oyen L, Warfield K, et al. Comparison of a nurse initiated insulin infusion protocol for intensive insulin therapy between adult surgical trauma, medical and coronary care intensive care patients. BMC Emergency Medicine 2007; 7:14.
    • (2007) BMC Emergency Medicine , vol.7 , pp. 14
    • Barth, M.1    Oyen, L.2    Warfield, K.3
  • 62
    • 34247384000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-based insulin infusion protocol improves glycemia control over manual protocol
    • Superiority of a computerized multiplier algorithm over a manual algorithm for intravenous insulin infusion is demonstrated
    • Boord JB, Sharifi M, Greevy RA, et al. Computer-based insulin infusion protocol improves glycemia control over manual protocol. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2007; 14:278-287. Superiority of a computerized multiplier algorithm over a manual algorithm for intravenous insulin infusion is demonstrated.
    • (2007) J Am Med Inform Assoc , vol.14 , pp. 278-287
    • Boord, J.B.1    Sharifi, M.2    Greevy, R.A.3
  • 63
    • 33846870139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical aspects of intensive insulinization in the intensive care unit
    • Boulkina LS, Braithwaite SS. Practical aspects of intensive insulinization in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10:197-205.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.10 , pp. 197-205
    • Boulkina, L.S.1    Braithwaite, S.S.2
  • 64
    • 33750629203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a dose-defining insulin infusion protocol among trauma service intensive care unit admissions
    • Braithwaite SS, Edkins R, Macgregor KL, et al. Performance of a dose-defining insulin infusion protocol among trauma service intensive care unit admissions. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:476-488.
    • (2006) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 476-488
    • Braithwaite, S.S.1    Edkins, R.2    Macgregor, K.L.3
  • 66
    • 33646712361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control after coronary bypass graft: Using intravenous insulin regulated by a computerized system
    • xi
    • Button E, Keaton P. Glycemic control after coronary bypass graft: using intravenous insulin regulated by a computerized system. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2006; 18:257-265; xi.
    • (2006) Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am , vol.18 , pp. 257-265
    • Button, E.1    Keaton, P.2
  • 67
    • 33751329947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of an intensive insulin protocol for septic patients in a medical intensive care unit
    • Clayton SB, Mazur JE, Condren S, et al. Evaluation of an intensive insulin protocol for septic patients in a medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:2974-2978.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 2974-2978
    • Clayton, S.B.1    Mazur, J.E.2    Condren, S.3
  • 68
    • 34548304090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical validation of a new control-oriented model of insulin and glucose dynamics in subjects with type 1 diabetes
    • Fabietti PG, Canonico V, Orsini-Federici M, et al. Clinical validation of a new control-oriented model of insulin and glucose dynamics in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2007; 9:327-338.
    • (2007) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.9 , pp. 327-338
    • Fabietti, P.G.1    Canonico, V.2    Orsini-Federici, M.3
  • 69
    • 27944473720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical results of an updated insulin infusion protocol in critically ill patients
    • Goldberg PA, Roussel MG, Inzucchi SE. Clinical results of an updated insulin infusion protocol in critically ill patients. Diabetes Spectrum 2005; 18:188-191.
    • (2005) Diabetes Spectrum , vol.18 , pp. 188-191
    • Goldberg, P.A.1    Roussel, M.G.2    Inzucchi, S.E.3
  • 70
    • 36349020279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of a cardiothoracic intensive care web-based online intravenous insulin infusion calculator study at a medical university hospital
    • Hermayer KL, Neal DE, Hushion TV, et al. Outcomes of a cardiothoracic intensive care web-based online intravenous insulin infusion calculator study at a medical university hospital. Diabetes Technol Ther 2007; 9:523-534.
    • (2007) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.9 , pp. 523-534
    • Hermayer, K.L.1    Neal, D.E.2    Hushion, T.V.3
  • 71
    • 34547786781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose control by a model predictive control algorithm with variable sampling rate versus a routine glucose management protocol in cardiac surgery patients: A randomized controlled trial
    • Hovorka R, Kremen J, Blaha J, et al. Blood glucose control by a model predictive control algorithm with variable sampling rate versus a routine glucose management protocol in cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:2960-2964.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 2960-2964
    • Hovorka, R.1    Kremen, J.2    Blaha, J.3
  • 72
    • 34250726549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilization of a computerized intravenous insulin infusion program to control blood glucose in the intensive care unit
    • Computerization assisted in the implementation of a multiplier algorithm. Improvement of glycemic control during intravenous insulin infusion was demonstrated at two hospitals
    • Juneja R, Roudebush C, Kumar N, et al. Utilization of a computerized intravenous insulin infusion program to control blood glucose in the intensive care unit. Diabetes Technol Ther 2007; 9:232-240. Computerization assisted in the implementation of a multiplier algorithm. Improvement of glycemic control during intravenous insulin infusion was demonstrated at two hospitals.
    • (2007) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.9 , pp. 232-240
    • Juneja, R.1    Roudebush, C.2    Kumar, N.3
  • 73
    • 33750632573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of the SPRINT protocol for tight glycemic control in critically Ill patients
    • Lonergan T, Compte AL, Willacy M, et al. A pilot study of the SPRINT protocol for tight glycemic control in critically Ill patients. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:449-462.
    • (2006) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 449-462
    • Lonergan, T.1    Compte, A.L.2    Willacy, M.3
  • 74
    • 33744939978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple insulin-nutrition protocol for tight glycemic control in critical illness: Development and protocol comparison
    • Lonergan T, Le Compte A, Willacy M, et al. A simple insulin-nutrition protocol for tight glycemic control in critical illness: development and protocol comparison. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:191-206.
    • (2006) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 191-206
    • Lonergan, T.1    Le Compte, A.2    Willacy, M.3
  • 75
    • 40449110715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficiency evaluation of protocols for tight glycemic control in intensive care units
    • Malesker MA, Foral PA, McPhillips AC, et al. An efficiency evaluation of protocols for tight glycemic control in intensive care units. Am J Crit Care 2007; 16:589-598.
    • (2007) Am J Crit Care , vol.16 , pp. 589-598
    • Malesker, M.A.1    Foral, P.A.2    McPhillips, A.C.3
  • 76
    • 33947513867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction and evaluation of a computerised insulin protocol
    • Meynaar IA, Dawson L, Tangkau PL, et al. Introduction and evaluation of a computerised insulin protocol. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:591-596.
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 591-596
    • Meynaar, I.A.1    Dawson, L.2    Tangkau, P.L.3
  • 77
    • 38949108601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to and efficacy and safety of an insulin protocol in the critically ill: A prospective observational study
    • Oeyen SG, Hoste EA, Roosens CD, et al. Adherence to and efficacy and safety of an insulin protocol in the critically ill: a prospective observational study. Am J Crit Care 2007; 16:599-608.
    • (2007) Am J Crit Care , vol.16 , pp. 599-608
    • Oeyen, S.G.1    Hoste, E.A.2    Roosens, C.D.3
  • 78
    • 33744545576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving hyperglycemia management in the intensive care unit: Preliminary report of a nurse-driven quality improvement project using a redesigned insulin infusion algorithm
    • Osburne RC, Cook CB, Stockton L, et al. Improving hyperglycemia management in the intensive care unit: preliminary report of a nurse-driven quality improvement project using a redesigned insulin infusion algorithm. The Diabetes Educator 2006; 32:394-403.
    • (2006) The Diabetes Educator , vol.32 , pp. 394-403
    • Osburne, R.C.1    Cook, C.B.2    Stockton, L.3
  • 79
    • 33646339675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentric, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate blood glucose control by the model predictive control algorithm versus routine glucose management protocols in intensive care unit patients
    • Plank J, Blaha J, Cordingley J, et al. Multicentric, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate blood glucose control by the model predictive control algorithm versus routine glucose management protocols in intensive care unit patients. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:271-276.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 271-276
    • Plank, J.1    Blaha, J.2    Cordingley, J.3
  • 80
    • 33749465008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical approach to hyperglycemia management in the intensive care unit: Evaluation of an intensive insulin infusion protocol
    • Quinn JA, Snyder SL, Berghoff JL, et al. A practical approach to hyperglycemia management in the intensive care unit: evaluation of an intensive insulin infusion protocol. Pharmacotherapy 2006; 26:1410-1420.
    • (2006) Pharmacotherapy , vol.26 , pp. 1410-1420
    • Quinn, J.A.1    Snyder, S.L.2    Berghoff, J.L.3
  • 81
    • 33847101914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing an intravenous insulin infusion protocol in the intensive care unit
    • Rea RS, Donihi AC, Bobeck M, et al. Implementing an intravenous insulin infusion protocol in the intensive care unit. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007; 64:385-395.
    • (2007) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.64 , pp. 385-395
    • Rea, R.S.1    Donihi, A.C.2    Bobeck, M.3
  • 82
    • 34548484113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight glycaemic control: A prospective observational study of a computerised decision-supported intensive insulin therapy protocol
    • Shulman R, Finney S, O'Sullivan C, et al. Tight glycaemic control: a prospective observational study of a computerised decision-supported intensive insulin therapy protocol. Critical Care 2007; 11:R75.
    • (2007) Critical Care , vol.11
    • Shulman, R.1    Finney, S.2    O'Sullivan, C.3
  • 83
    • 34447546861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a nurse-driven intensive insulin infusion protocol in a surgical intensive care unit
    • Smith AB, Udekwu PO, Biswas S, et al. Implementation of a nurse-driven intensive insulin infusion protocol in a surgical intensive care unit. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007; 64:1529-1540.
    • (2007) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.64 , pp. 1529-1540
    • Smith, A.B.1    Udekwu, P.O.2    Biswas, S.3
  • 84
    • 29244463547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of an insulin infusion protocol in a surgical ICU
    • Taylor BE, Schallom ME, Sona CS, et al. Efficacy and safety of an insulin infusion protocol in a surgical ICU. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 202:1-9.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Surg , vol.202 , pp. 1-9
    • Taylor, B.E.1    Schallom, M.E.2    Sona, C.S.3
  • 85
    • 34147185294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in critical care: A review of a dozen protocols
    • Wilson M, Weinreb J, Soo Hoo GW. Intensive insulin therapy in critical care: a review of a dozen protocols. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:1005-1011.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 1005-1011
    • Wilson, M.1    Weinreb, J.2    Soo Hoo, G.W.3
  • 86
    • 34250736254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control in pediatric intensive care unit patients using an insulin and glucose algorithm
    • Wintergerst KA, Deiss D, Buckingham B, et al. Glucose control in pediatric intensive care unit patients using an insulin and glucose algorithm. Diabetes Technol Ther 2007; 9:211-222.
    • (2007) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.9 , pp. 211-222
    • Wintergerst, K.A.1    Deiss, D.2    Buckingham, B.3
  • 87
    • 33744935007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel, model-based insulin and nutrition delivery controller for glycemic regulation in critically ill patients
    • Wong XW, Singh-Levett I, Hollingsworth LJ, et al. A novel, model-based insulin and nutrition delivery controller for glycemic regulation in critically ill patients. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:174-190.
    • (2006) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 174-190
    • Wong, X.W.1    Singh-Levett, I.2    Hollingsworth, L.J.3
  • 88
    • 38349048692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computerized insulin infusion titration protocol improves glucose control with less hypoglycemia compared to a manual titration protocol in a trauma intensive care unit
    • Dortch MJ, Mowery NT, Ozdas A, et al. A computerized insulin infusion titration protocol improves glucose control with less hypoglycemia compared to a manual titration protocol in a trauma intensive care unit. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008; 32:18-27.
    • (2008) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.32 , pp. 18-27
    • Dortch, M.J.1    Mowery, N.T.2    Ozdas, A.3
  • 89
    • 4644241257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous insulin infusion therapy: Indications, methods, and transition to subcutaneous insulin therapy
    • Bode BW, Braithwaite SS, Steed RD, Davidson PC. Intravenous insulin infusion therapy: indications, methods, and transition to subcutaneous insulin therapy. Endocr Pract 2004; 10 (Suppl 2):71-80.
    • (2004) Endocr Pract , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 71-80
    • Bode, B.W.1    Braithwaite, S.S.2    Steed, R.D.3    Davidson, P.C.4
  • 90
    • 18144406462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating inpatient sliding-scale insulin: A reeducation project with medical house staff
    • Baldwin D, Villanueva G, McNutt R, Bhatnagar S. Eliminating inpatient sliding-scale insulin: a reeducation project with medical house staff. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:1008-1011.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 1008-1011
    • Baldwin, D.1    Villanueva, G.2    McNutt, R.3    Bhatnagar, S.4
  • 91
    • 33748779044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of short term continuous subcutaneous insulin lispro versus continuous intravenous regular insulin in poorly controlled, hospitalized, type 2 diabetic patients
    • Boullu-Sanchis S, Ortega F, Chabrier G, et al. Efficacy of short term continuous subcutaneous insulin lispro versus continuous intravenous regular insulin in poorly controlled, hospitalized, type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab 2006; 32:350-357.
    • (2006) Diabetes Metab , vol.32 , pp. 350-357
    • Boullu-Sanchis, S.1    Ortega, F.2    Chabrier, G.3
  • 92
    • 33947521224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Braithwaite SS. The transition from insulin infusions to long-term diabetes therapy: the argument for insulin analogs. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 18:366-378. The discussion of transitioning from intravenous insulin to subcutaneous management, outlining a plan for basal-prandial-correction therapy using insulin analogs, emphasizes the common error of omission of adequate prandial coverage for patients who are eating, and the paper also discusses a plan for insulin coverage for patients who are not eating.
    • Braithwaite SS. The transition from insulin infusions to long-term diabetes therapy: the argument for insulin analogs. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 18:366-378. The discussion of transitioning from intravenous insulin to subcutaneous management, outlining a plan for basal-prandial-correction therapy using insulin analogs, emphasizes the common error of omission of adequate prandial coverage for patients who are eating, and the paper also discusses a plan for insulin coverage for patients who are not eating.
  • 94
    • 33845803325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inpatient management of hyperglycemia: The Northwestern experience
    • A program of basal-prandial-correction therapy is outlined together with description of performance
    • DeSantis AJ, Schmeltz LR, Schmidt K, et al. Inpatient management of hyperglycemia: the Northwestern experience. Endocr Pract 2006; 12:491-505. A program of basal-prandial-correction therapy is outlined together with description of performance.
    • (2006) Endocr Pract , vol.12 , pp. 491-505
    • DeSantis, A.J.1    Schmeltz, L.R.2    Schmidt, K.3
  • 95
    • 33750731292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rush University guidelines and protocols for the management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients: Elimination of the sliding scale and improvement of glycemic control throughout the hospital
    • Donaldson S, Villanuueva G, Rondinelli L, Baldwin D. Rush University guidelines and protocols for the management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients: elimination of the sliding scale and improvement of glycemic control throughout the hospital. Diabetes Educ 2006; 32:954-962.
    • (2006) Diabetes Educ , vol.32 , pp. 954-962
    • Donaldson, S.1    Villanuueva, G.2    Rondinelli, L.3    Baldwin, D.4
  • 96
    • 33749467354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized patients: Efficiency and effectiveness of sliding-scale insulin therapy
    • Golightly LK, Jones MA, Hamamura DH, et al. Management of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized patients: efficiency and effectiveness of sliding-scale insulin therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2006; 26:1421-1432.
    • (2006) Pharmacotherapy , vol.26 , pp. 1421-1432
    • Golightly, L.K.1    Jones, M.A.2    Hamamura, D.H.3
  • 97
    • 38749089111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of glargine and multiple injections of lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving tube feedings in a cardiovascular intensive care unit
    • Grainger A, Eiden K, Kemper J, Reeds D. A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of glargine and multiple injections of lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving tube feedings in a cardiovascular intensive care unit. Nutr Clin Pract 2007; 22:545-552.
    • (2007) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.22 , pp. 545-552
    • Grainger, A.1    Eiden, K.2    Kemper, J.3    Reeds, D.4
  • 98
    • 35548947584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes
    • Holman RR, Thorne KI, Farmer AJ, et al. Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1716-1730.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 1716-1730
    • Holman, R.R.1    Thorne, K.I.2    Farmer, A.J.3
  • 100
    • 34548417984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial)
    • The study was the first randomized trial to demonstrate inferiority of sliding scale insulin regimens in comparison to basal-prandial-correction therapy. A treatment regimen utilizing scheduled insulin is outlined for patients who are eating or not eating
    • Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Zisman A, et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial). Diabetes Care 2007; 30:2181-2186. The study was the first randomized trial to demonstrate inferiority of sliding scale insulin regimens in comparison to basal-prandial-correction therapy. A treatment regimen utilizing scheduled insulin is outlined for patients who are eating or not eating.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 2181-2186
    • Umpierrez, G.E.1    Smiley, D.2    Zisman, A.3
  • 101
    • 33845331739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of once-daily glargine insulin with twice-daily NPH/regular insulin for control of hyperglycemia in inpatients after cardiovascular surgery
    • Yeldandi RR, Lurie A, Baldwin D. Comparison of once-daily glargine insulin with twice-daily NPH/regular insulin for control of hyperglycemia in inpatients after cardiovascular surgery. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:609-616.
    • (2006) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 609-616
    • Yeldandi, R.R.1    Lurie, A.2    Baldwin, D.3
  • 102
    • 11844250564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin analogues
    • Hirsch IB. Insulin analogues. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:174-183.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 174-183
    • Hirsch, I.B.1
  • 103
    • 0038644956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rationale and management of hyperglycemia for in-patients with cardiovascular disease: Time for change
    • Trence DL, Kelly JL, Hirsch IB. The rationale and management of hyperglycemia for in-patients with cardiovascular disease: time for change. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:2430-2437.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 2430-2437
    • Trence, D.L.1    Kelly, J.L.2    Hirsch, I.B.3
  • 104
  • 105
    • 5344227613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion during general anesthesia: A case report
    • White WA Jr, Montalvo H, Monday JM. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion during general anesthesia: a case report. AANA J 2004; 72:353-357.
    • (2004) AANA J , vol.72 , pp. 353-357
    • White Jr, W.A.1    Montalvo, H.2    Monday, J.M.3
  • 106
    • 28844484713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy in the hospital setting: Proposed guidelines and outcome measures
    • Cook CB, Boyle ME, Cisar NS, et al. Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy in the hospital setting: proposed guidelines and outcome measures. Diabetes Educ 2005; 31:849-857.
    • (2005) Diabetes Educ , vol.31 , pp. 849-857
    • Cook, C.B.1    Boyle, M.E.2    Cisar, N.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.