Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth: An emerging epidemic disease?

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 123-127

  Cali, Anna M G ^a   Caprio, Sonia ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Pre diabetes phenotypes; Type 2 diabetes; Weight management program

Indexed keywords

ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS; CELL FUNCTION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; EXERCISE; FAMILY HISTORY; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NUTRITION EDUCATION; OBESITY; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PREVALENCE; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEROLOGY; WEIGHT CONTROL; ADOLESCENT; CHILD; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH; MINORITY GROUP; STATISTICS;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; MINORITY GROUPS; OBESITY; PREDIABETIC STATE; PREVALENCE; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 42449106571     PISSN: 1752296X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f57251     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Strauss RS, Pollack HA. Epidemic increase in childhood overweight, 1986-1998. JAMA 2001; 286:2845-2848.
2. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA 2002; 288:1723-1727.
3. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Flegal KM, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA 2004; 291:2847-2850.
4. Kaufman FR. Type 2 diabetes in children and youth. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2005; 34:659-676.
5. Weiss R, Dziura J, Burgert TS, et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2362-2374.
6. Dietz WH. Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics 1998; 101 (3 Pt 2):518-525.
7. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, et al. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1650-1656.
8. Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, et al. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157:821-827.
9. Narayan KM, Boyle JP, Thompson TJ, et al. Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States. JAMA 2003; 290:1884-1890.
10. Lipscombe LL, Hux JE. Trends in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada 1995-2005: a population-based study. Lancet 2007; 369:750-756. A population-based study showed a steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes in a non-US population.
11. Haines L, Wan KC, Lynn R, et al. Rising incidence of type 2 diabetes in children in the U.K. Diabetes Care 2007; 30:1097-1101. An interesting report from the UK shows a similar pattern of increased obesity and T2DM also in the European population.
12. Lipton RB. Incidence of diabetes in children and youth-tracking a moving target. JAMA 2007; 297:2760-2762.
13. DIAMOND Project Group (2006) Incidence and trends of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabet Med 2006; 23: 857-866.
14. Dabelea D, Pettitt DJ, Jones KL, Arslanian SA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in minority children and adolescents. An emerging problem. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999; 28:709-729.
15. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan LM, Zeitler P, et al. Increased incidence of noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents. J Pediatr 1996; 128 (5 Pt 1):608-615.
16. Gungor N, Hannon T, Libman I, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth: the complete picture to date. Pediatr Clin North Am 2005; 52:1579-1609.
17. Singh R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Epidemiology of childhood type 2 diabetes in the developing world. Pediatr Diabetes 2004; 5:154-168; Review.
18. Dabelea D, Bell RA, D'Agostino RB Jr, et al. Writing Group for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group. Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States. [Erratum in JAMA 2007 Aug 8;298(6):627.] JAMA 2007; 297:2716-2724. This describes the most up-to-date study showing an increased incidence of epidemic proportion of diabetes, particularly in the US population.
19. Pavkov ME, Bennett PH, Nelson RG, et al. Effect of youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus on incidence of end-stage renal disease and mortality in young and middle-aged Pima Indians. JAMA 2006; 296:421-426.
20. Silverstein J, Klingensmith G, Copeland K, et al. Care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:186-212.
21. Reinehr T, Schober E, Wiegand S, et al., DPV-Wiss Study Group. Beta-cell autoantibodies in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus: subgroup or misclassification? Arch Dis Child 2006; 91:473-477.
22. Polonsky KS, Sturis J, Bell GI. Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a genetically programmed failure of the beta cell to compensate for insulin resistance. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:777-783.
23. Edelstein SL, Knowler WC, Collins VR, et al. Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM: an analysis of six prospective studies. Diabetes 1997; 46:701-710.
24. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Walker EA, et al. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:393-403.
25. Tuomilehto J, Salminen V, Uusitupa M, et al., Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:1343-1350.
26. Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:802-810.
27. Abdul-Ghani MA, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA. Contributions of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1130-1139. This is an interesting review on the possible different mechanisms underlying the different prediabetic phenotypes in adults.
28. Weiss R, Taksali SE, Tamborlane WV, et al. Predictors of changes in glucose tolerance status in obese youth. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:902-909.
29. Caprio S, Hyman LD, Limb C, et al. Central adiposity and its metabolic correlates in obese adolescent girls. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 1995; 269 (1 Pt 1):E118-E126.
30. Weiss R, Dufour S, Shulman GI, Caprio S, et al. Prediabetes in obese youth: a syndrome of impaired glucose tolerance, severe insulin resistance, and altered myocellular and abdominal fat partitioning. Lancet 2003; 362:951-957.
31. Weiss R, Caprio S, Trombetta M, et al. Beta-cell function across the spectrum of glucose tolerance in obese youth. Diabetes 2005; 54:1735-1743.
32. Cali AMG, Bonadonna RC, Trombetta M, et al. Metabolic abnormalities underlying different prediabetes phenotypes in obese adolescent. (in press).
33. Epstein LH, McCurley J, Wing RR, Valoski A. Five-year follow-up of family-based behavioral treatments for childhood obesity. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990; 58:661-664.
34. Wrotniak BH, Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Roemmich JN. The relationship between parent and child self-reported adherence and weight loss. Obes Res 2005; 13:1089-1096.
35. Savoye M, Berry D, Dziura J, et al. Anthropometric and psychosocial changes in obese adolescents enrolled in a Weight Management Program. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105:364-370.
36. Savoye M, Shaw M, Dziura J, Caprio S, et al. Effects of a weight management program on body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007; 297:2697-2704. A randomized-controlled trial highlighted the importance of a family-based weight management program along with lifestyle changes in the prevention of prediabetes and T2DM in obese children and adolescent.