Single zircon ages for granitoid gneisses in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, Southern Africa and geodynamic significance

Precambrian Research

Volumn 93, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 299-337

  Kroner A ^a   Jaeckel, P ^a,b   Brandl, G ^c   Nemchin, A A ^d   Pidgeon, R T ^d  

^a JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^c Western Cape Regional Office   (South Africa)

^d CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Archaean; Geochronology; Granitoid gneisses; Granulite metamorphism; Limpopo belt; Zircon

Indexed keywords

AGE DETERMINATION; GNEISS; GRANULITE FACIES; METAMORPHISM; ZIRCON;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 4243456543     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00102-8     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Armstrong, R., Compston, W., Dodson, M.H., Kröner, A., Williams, I.S., 1988. Archaean crustal history in southern Africa. In: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Annual Report 1987, Australian National University, pp. 62-64.
2. Barton J.M. Jr. The Messina layered intrusion, Limpopo belt, South Africa: an example of in-situ contamination of an Archean anorthosite complex by continental crust. Precambrian Res. 78:1996;139-150.
3. Barton J.M., Key R.M. Rb-Sr ages and geoloigical setting of certain rock units from the central zone of the Limpopo mobile belt, near Zanzibar, Eastern Botswana. In: Van Biljon, W.J., Legg, J.H. (Eds.) The Limpopo Mobile Belt. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Spec. Publ. 8:1983;19-25.
4. Barton J.M. Jr., Sergeev S. High precision, U-Pb analyses of single grains of zircon from quartzite in the Beit Bridge Group yield a discordia. S. Afr. J. Geol. 100:1997;37-41.
5. Barton J.M. Jr., Van Reenen D.D. When was the Limpopo orogeny? Precambrian Res. 55:1992;7-16.
6. Barton J.M. Jr., Van Reenen D. The significance of Rb-Sr ages of biotite and phlogopite for the thermal history of the Central and Southern marginal zones of the Limpopo belt of southern Africa and the adjacent portions of the Kaapvaal craton. Precambrian Res. 55:1992;17-31.
7. Barton J.M. Jr., Van Reenen D.D., Roering C. The significance of 3000 Ma granulite facies mafic dikes in the Central Zone of the Limpopo belt, southern Africa. Precambrian Res. 48:1990;299-308.
8. Barton J.M. Jr., Holzer L., Kamber B., Doig R., Kramers J.D., Nyfeler D. Discrete metamorphic events in the Limpopo belt, southern Africa: implications for the application of P-T paths in complex metamorphic terrains. Geology. 22:1994;1035-1038.
9. Berger M., Kramers J.D., Nägler T.F. Geochemistry and geochronology anf charnoenderbites in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo belt, southern Africa, and genetic models. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 75:1995;17-42.
10. Blenkinsop T.G., Frei R. Archean and Proterozoic mineralization and tectonics at the Renco Mine (Northern Marginal Zone, Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe). Econ. Geol. 91:1996;1225-1238.
11. Boryta M., Condie K.C. Geochemistry and origin of the Archaean Beit Bridge complex, Limpopo belt, South Africa. J. Geol. Soc. London. 147:1990;229-239.
12. Brandl, G. (compiler), 1981. 1:250 000 Geological Series, Sheet 2230 Messina and Explanation: the geology of the Messina area. Geol. Surv. S. Afr., Pretoria, South Africa.
13. Brandl G. Geology and geochemistry of various supracrustal rocks of the Beit Bridge Complex east of Messina. In: Van Biljon, W.J., Legg, J.H. (Eds.) The Limpopo Mobile Belt. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Spec. Publ. 8:1983;103-112.
14. Brandl, G., 1988. The central zone of the Limpopo, metamorphic province: its geological setting and the significance of its southern boundary. Extended Abstracts, Geocongress 88, Geology Society of South Africa, pp. 39-42.
15. Brandl, G., 1990. Geological setting, petrography and geochemistry of the Alldays Gneiss and associated mafic dykes, Limpopo belt, South Africa. In: Barton, J.M. Jr (Ed.), Extended Abstracts, The Limpopo Belt: A Field Workshop on Granulites and Deep Crustal Tectonics. Department of Geology, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, pp. 22-25.
16. Brandl, G. (Compiler), 1992. Geological map of the Limpopo belt and its environs 1:500 000. Contribution to a field workshop on granulites and deep crustal tectonics, 1990. Geol. Surv. South Africa, Pretoria.
17. Brandl G., Reimold W.U. The structural setting and deformation associated with pseudotachylite occurrences in the Palala shear belt and Sand River gneiss, northern Transvaal. Tectonophysics. 171:1990;201-220.
18. Chavagnac V., Nägler T.F., Holzer L. Nd systematics in migmatites: examples for "too old" leucosomes from the Limpopo belt. Terra Nova. 9 Abstr. Supplement(1):1997;366.
19. 39Ar analysis. In: Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation SEPM Spec. Publ. 54:1995;3-20.
20. Cocherie A., Guerrot C., Rossi P. Single-zircon dating by stepwise Pb evaporation: Comparison with other geochronological techniques applied to the Hercynian granites of Corsica, France. Chem. Geol. 101:1992;131-141.
21. Condie K.C., Boryta M.D., Liu J., Qian X. The origin of khondalites: geochemical evidence from the Archean to early Proterozoic granulite belt in the North China craton. Precambrian Res. 59:1993;207-223.
22. Cumming and Richards, 1975: AUTHOR - PLEASE SUPPLY REFERENCE.
23. De Wit M.J., Roering C., Hart R.J., Armstrong R.A., De Ronde C.E.J., Green R.W.E., Tredoux M., Peperdy E., Hart R.A. Formation of an Archaean continent. Nature. 357:1992;553-562.
24. Eriksson, K.A., Kidd, W.S., Krapez, B., 1988. Basin analysis in regionally metamorphosed and deformed early Archaean terrains: examples from southern Africa and Western Australia. In: Kleinspehn, K.L., Paola, C. (Eds.) Frontiers in Sedimentary Geology, New Perspectives in Basin Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 371-404.
25. Fripp R.E.P. The ancient Sand River gneisses, Limpopo mobile belt, South Africa. In: Glover, J.E., Groves, D.I. (eds.) Archaean Geology. Geol. Soc. Aust., Spec. Publ. 7:1981;329-335.
26. Fripp R.E.P. The Precambrian geology of the area around the Sand River near Messina, Central Zone, Limpopo mobile belt. In: Van Biljon, W.J., Legg, J.H. (Eds.), The Limpopo Mobile Belt. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Spec. Publ. 8:1983;89-102.
27. Fripp R.E.P., Lilly P.A., Barton J.M. Jr. The structure and origin of the Singelele gneiss at the type locality near Messina, South Africa. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 82:1979;161-167.
28. Harris N.B.W., Hawkesworth C.J., Van Carlsteren P., McDermott F. Evolution of continental crust in southern Africa. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 83:1987;85-93.
29. Hickman M.H., Wakefield J. Tectonic implications of new geochronologic data from the Limpopo belt at Pikwe, Botswana, southern Africa. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 86:1975;1468-1472.
30. Hofmann A., Kröner A., Brandl G. Field relationships of mid- to late Archaean high-grade gneisses of igneous and sedimentary parentage in the Sand River, Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Geol. 101:1998;185-200.
31. Holzer, L., 1995. The magmatic petrology of the Bulai Pluton and the tectono-metamorphic overprint at 2.0 Ga in the central zone of the Limpopo belt (Messina-Beitbridge area, southern Africa). Unpublished Diploma thesis, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
32. Holzer L., Kamber B.S., Kramers J.D., Frei R. The tectono-metamorphic event at 2 Ga in the Limpopo belt and the resetting behaviour of chronometers at high temperature. Commun. geol. Surv. Namibia. 10(1995):1996;129-140.
33. Holzer L., Kramers J.D., Blenkinsop T.G. Granulite facies metamorphism in the Limpopo Central Zone (southern Africa): evidence for a Proterozoic continental collision between the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons. Terra Nova 9. Abstr. Supplement(1):1997;365.
34. Holzer L., Frei R., Barton J.M. Jr., Kramers J.D. Unravelling the record of successive high grade events in the Central Zone of the Limpopo belt using Pb single phase dating of metamorphic minerals. Precambrian Res. 87:1998;87-115.
35. Horrocks P.C. Ancient Archaean supracrustal rocks from the Limpopo mobile belt. Nature. 286:1980;596-599.
36. Horrocks P.C. The Precambrian geology of an area between Messina and Tshipise, Limpopo mobile belt. In: Van Biljon, W.J., Legg, J.H. (Eds.), The Limpopo Mobile Belt. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Spec. Publ. 8:1983;81-88.
37. Ichihashi T., Miyano T. A unique P-T trajectory of the Limpopo central zone with tectonic setting deeper to the marginal zones, northeast Beitbridge, Zimbabwe. Centennial Congress. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Extended abstracts. II:1995;178-180.
38. Jaeckel P., Kröner A., Kamo S.L., Brandl G., Wendt J.I. Late Archaean to early Proterozoic granitoid magmatism and high-grade metamorphism in the central Limpopo belt, South Africa. J. Geol. Soc. London. 154:1997;25-44.
39. Jahn, B.-M., Zhang, Z.-Q., 1984. Radiometric ages (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, U-Pb) and REE geochemistry of Archaean granulite gneisses from Eastern Hebei Province, China. In: Kröner, A., Hanson, G.N., Goodwin, A.M. (Eds.), Archaean Geochemistry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 204-234.
40. James, P., 1975. A deformation study across the northern margin of the Limpopo Belt, Rhodesia. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
41. Kamber B.S., Biino G.G. The evolution of high T-low P granulites in the Northern Marginal Zone sensu stricto, Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe - the case for petrography. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 75:1995;427-454.
42. Kamber B.S., Kramers J.D., Napier R., Cliff R.A., Rollinson H.R. The Triangle shear zone, Zimbabwe, revisited; new data document an important event at 2.0 Ga in the Limpopo Belt. Precambrian Res. 70:1995;191-213.
43. Kamber B.S., Blenkinsop T.G., Villa I.M., Dahl P.S. Proterozoic transpressive deformation in the Northern Marginal Zone, Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe. J. Geol. 103:1995;493-508.
44. Kamber B.S., Biino G.G., Wijbrans J.R., Davies G.R., Villa I.M. Archaean granulites of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe: one slow exhumation or two rapid events? Tectonics. 15:1997;1414-1430.
45. Kamo S.L., Davis D.W. Reassessment of Archean crustal development in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on U-Pb dating. Tectonics. 13:1994;167-192.
46. Kennedy A.K., De Laeter J.R. The performance characteristics of the WA SHRIMP II ion microprobe. US Geological Survey Circular. 1107:1994;166.
47. Key R.M. The geological history of the Limpopo mobile belt based on the field mapping of the Botswana Geological Survey. In: Ermanovics, I.F., Key, R.M. (Eds.), The Proceedings of a Seminar Pertaining to the Limpopo Mobile Belt. Geol. Survey Dept. Bull. 12:1977;41-60.
48. Key, R.M., 1979. Quarter degree sheet 2228C (Zanzibar), with brief explanation. Scale 1:125 000. Geol. Surv. Botswana.
49. Kinny P.D. 3820 Ma zircons from a tonalitic Amitsoq gneiss in the Godthab district of southern West Greenland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 79:1986;337-347.
50. 206Pb investigation on single zircons using a double-filament thermal ion source Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 93:1986;482-490.
51. 206Pb-age investigations using thermal ion mass spectometry, and implications to zirconology Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 96:1987;63-71.
52. Kröner A., Todt W. Single zircon dating constraining the maximum age of the Barberton greenstone belt, southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1988;15329-15337.
53. Kröner A., Williams I.S. Age of metamorphism in the high-grade rocks of Sri Lanka. J. Geol. 101:1993;513-521.
54. Kröner A., Byerly C.R., Lowe D.R. Chronology of early Archean granite-greenstone evolution in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zircon evaporation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 103:1991;41-54.
55. Kröner A., Kehelpannala K.V.W., Kriegsman L.M. Origin of compositional layering and mechanism of crustal thickening in the high-grade gneiss terrain of Sri Lanka. Precambrian Res. 66:1994;21-37.
56. Kröner A., Jaeckel P., Williams I.S. Pb-loss patterns in zircons from high-grade rocks as revealed by different dating methods: U-Pb and Pb-Pb ages for igneous and supracrustal rocks from northern Sri Lanka. Precambrian Res. 66:1994;151-182.
57. Kröner A., Nemchin A.A., Jaeckel P., Hofmann A., Brandl G., Pidgeon R.T. Field relationships and age of supracrustal Beit Bridge Complex and associated granitoid gneisses in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Geol. 101:1998;201-213.
58. Kröner, A., Jaeckel, P., Brandl, G., Nechin, A.A., Pidgeon, R.T., 1999. Single zircon ages for garanitoid gneisses in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, Southern Africa and geodynamic significance. Precamb Res. 93.
59. Krogh, T.E., 1978. Vapour transfer for the dissolution of zircons in a multi-sample capsule, at high pressure. US Geol Survey, Open File Report, 78-701, pp. 233-234.
60. Laskowski N., Kröner A. Geochemical characteristics of Archaean and late Proterozoic to Palaeozoic fine-grained sediments from southern Africa and significance for the evolution of the continental crust. Geol. Rundschau. 74:1985;1-9.
61. 39Ar mineral ages. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 77, Supplement, F820.
62. Light M.P.R. The Limpopo belt: a result of continental collision. Tectonics. 1:1982;325-342.
63. Ludwig, K.R., 1994. ISOPLOT, a plotting and regression program for radiogenic-isotope data, version 2.75. US Geol. Survey, Open-File Report 91-445.
64. Mason R. The Limpopo mobile belt - southern Africa. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London A. 273:1973;463-485.
65. McCourt S., Vearncombe J.R. Shear zones bounding the central zone of the Limpopo belt, southern Africa. J. Struct. Geol. 9:1987;127-137.
66. McCourt S., Vearncombe J.R. Shear zones of the Limpopo belt and adjacent granitoid-greenstone terranes: implications for late Archaean collision tectonics in southern Africa. Precambrian Res. 55:1992;553-570.
67. Mkweli S., Kamber B., Berger M. Westward continuation of the craton-Limpopo belt tectonic break in Zimbabwe and new age constraints on the timing of thrusting. J. Geol. Soc. London. 152:1994;77-83.
68. Moorbath S., Whitehouse M.J., Kamber B.S. Exterme Nd-isotope heterogeneity in the early Archaean - fact or fiction? Case histories from northern Canada and West Greenland. Chem. Geol. 135:1997;213-231.
69. Myers J.S. Formation of banded gneisses by deformation of igneous rocks. Precambrian Res. 6:1978;43-64.
70. Nelson, D.R., 1997. Compilation of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology data, 1996. Geol. Surv. Western Australia, Record 1997/1.
71. Nemchin A.A., Pidgeon R.T., Wilde S.A. Timing of late Archaean granulite facies metamorphism in the southwestern Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia: evidence from U-Pb ages of zircons from mafic granulites. Precambrian Res. 68:1994;307-321.
72. O'Connor, J.T., 1965. A classification for quartz-rich igneous rocks based on feldspar ratio. US Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper, 525B, pp. 79-84.
73. Parrish R.R. An improved microcapsule for zircon dissolution in U-Pb geochronology. Chem. Geol. (Isotope Geosci. Section). 66:1987;99-102.
74. Passchier, C.W., Myers, J.S., Kröner, A., 1990. Field Geology of High-grade Gneiss Terrains. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
75. Pidgeon R.T., Furfaro D., Kennedy A., Van Bronswjk W. Calibration of the CZ3 zircon standard for the Curtin SHRIMP II. US Geol. Survey Circular. 1107:1994;251.
76. Retief, E.A., Compston, W., Armstrong, R.A., Williams, I.S., 1990. Characteristics and preliminary U-Pb ages of zircons from Limpopo belt lithologies. Extended abstracts, Limpopo Workshop, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, pp. 95-99.
77. Roering C., Van Reenen D.D., Smit C.A., Barton J.M. Jr., De Beer J.H., De Wit M.J., Stettler E.H., Van Schalkwyk J.F., Stevens G., Pretorius S. Tectonic model for the evolution of the Limpopo belt. Precambrian Res. 55:1992;539-552.
78. Rollinson H.R. A terrane interpretation of the Archaean Limpopo belt. Geol. Mag. 130:1993;755-765.
79. Rollinson H., Blenkinsop T. The magmatic, metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo, belt in Zimbabwe. J. Geol. Soc. London. 152:1995;65-75.
80. Stacey J.S., Kramers J.D. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 26:1975;207-221.
81. Stern, R.A., 1997. The GSC sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP): analytical techniques of zircon U-Th-Pb age determinations and performance evaluation. In: Radiogenic Age and Isotope Studies; Report 10. Geol. Surv. Canada, Current Research 1997-F, pp. 1-31.
82. Stevens G., Van Reenen D.D. Partial melting and the origin of metapelitic granulites in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo belt, South Africa. Precambrian Res. 55:1992;303-319.
83. Treloar P.J., Coward M.P., Harris N.B.W. Himalayan-Tibetan analogies for the evolution of the Zimbabwe craton and Limpopo belt. Precambrian Res. 55:1992;571-587.
84. Tsunogae T., Yurimoto H. Single zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Limpopo belt by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Geochem. J. 29:1995;197-205.
85. Van Biljon, W.J., Legg, J.H., (Eds.), 1983. The Limpopo belt. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Spec. Publ. 8, 203.
86. Van Breemen O., Dodson M.H. Metamorphic chronology of the Limpopo belt, southern Africa. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83:1972;2005-2018.
87. Van Reenen D.D., Barton J.M. Jr., Roering C., Smit C.A., Van Schalkwyk J.F. Deep crustal response to continental collision: the Limpopo belt of southern Africa. Geology. 15:1987;11-14.
88. Van Reenen, D.D., Roering, C. Brandl, G., Smit, C.A., Barton, J.M. Jr, 1990. The granulite-facies rocks of the Limpopo belt, southern Africa. In: Vielzeuf, D., Vidal, Ph. (Eds.), Granulites and Crustal Evolution. NATO ASI Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 311. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp. 257-289.
89. Watkeys M.K. Brief explanatory notes on the provisional geological map of the Limpopo belt and environs. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Spec. Publ. 8:1983;5-8.
90. Watkeys M.K., Armstrong R.A. The importance of being alkaline-deformed late Archaean lamprophyric dykes, Central Zone, Limpopo belt. Trans. geol. Soc. S. Afr. 88:1985;195-206.
91. Watkeys M.K., Light M.P.R., Broderick T.J. A retrospective view of the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Spec. Publ. 8:1983;65-80.
92. Wendt, J.I., 1993. Early Archean crustal evolution in Swaziland, southern Africa, as revealed by combined use of zircon geochronology, Pb-Pb and Sm-Nd systermatics. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
93. Wendt J.I., Todt W. A vapour digestion method for dating single zircons by direct measurement of U and Pb without chemical separation. Terra Abstracts. 3:1991;507-508.
94. White W., Patchett J. Hf-Nd-Sr isotope and incompatible trace element abundances in island arcs: implications for magma origins and crust-mantle evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 67:1984;167-185.
95. Whitehouse M.J. Sm-Nd evidence for diachronous crustal accretion in the Lewisian complex of northwest Scotland. Tectonophysics. 161:1989;245-256.
96. Windley B.F. Uniformitarianism today: plate tectonics is the key to the past. J. Geol. Soc. London. 150:1993;9-19.