Archaean granulites of the Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe: One slow exhumation or two rapid events?

Tectonics

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1414-1430

  Kamber, B S ^a,b   Biino, G G ^c   Wijbrans, J R ^d   Davies, G R ^d   Villa, I M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FRIBOURG   (Switzerland)

^d VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEAN; DEFORMATION; EXHUMATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GRANULITE; METAMORPHISM;

ZIMBABWE, LIMPOPO BELT;

EID: 0030391093     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96TC00850     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Barton, J. M., and D. D. van Reenen, The significance of Rb-Sr ages of biotite and phlogopite for the thermal history of the Central and Southern Marginal Zones of the Limpopo Belt of southern Africa and the adjacent portions of the Kaapvaal Craton, Precambrain Res., 55, 17-31, 1992.
2. Barton, J. M., L. Holzer, B. Kamber, R. Doig, J. D. Kramers, and D. Nyfeler, Discrete metamorphic events in the Limpopo Belt: Implications for the interpretation of P-T-t paths in metamorphic terrains, Geology, 22, 1035-1038, 1994.
3. Berger, M., J. D. Kramers, and T. F. Nägler, An Archean high grade province adjacent to a granite greenstone terrain: Geochemistry and geochronology of charnoenderbites in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt, Southern Africa, and genetic models, Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 75, 17-42, 1995.
4. Bohlen, S. R., Pressure-temperature-time paths and a tectonic model for the evolution of granulites, J. Geol., 95, 617-632, 1987.
5. Bucher, K., and M. Frey, Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1994.
6. Corfu, F., G. M. Stott, and F. W. Breaks, U-Pb geochronology of the English River Subprovince, an Archean low P-high T metasedimentary belt in the Superior Province, Tectonics, 14, 1220-1233, 1995.
7. Cosca, M. A., E. J. Essene, K. Mezger, and B. A. van der Pluijm, Constraints on the duration of tectonic processes: Protracted extension and deep-crustal rotation in the Grenville orogen, Geology, 23, 361-364, 1995.
8. de Wit, M., C. Roering, J. R. Hart, R. A. Armstrong, C. E. J. de Ronde, R. W. E. Green, M. Tredoux, E. P. Peberdy, and R. A. Hart, Formation of an Archaean continent, Nature, 357, 553-562, 1992.
9. Ellis, D. J., Precambrian tectonics and the physicochemical evolution of the continental crust, II, Lithosphere delamination and ensialic orogeny, Precambrian Res., 55, 507-524, 1992.
10. England, P. C., and A. B. Thompson, Pressure-Temperature-Time paths of regional metamorphism, I, Heat transfer during the evolution of regions of thickened continental crust, J. Petrol., 25, 894-928, 1984.
11. Frei, R., and B. S. Kamber, Single mineral Pb-Pb dating, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 129, 261-268, 1995.
12. Getty, S. R., and L. P. Gromet, Geochronological constraints on ductile deformation, crustal extension, and doming about a basement-cover boundary, New England, Appalchians, Am. J. Sci., 292, 359-397, 1992.
13. Gibson, G. M., and T. R. Ireland, Granulite formation during continental extension in Fiordland, New Zealand, Nature, 375, 479-482, 1995.
14. Grambling, J. A., Pressures and temperatures in Precambrian metamorphic rocks, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 53, 63-68, 1981.
15. Hamilton, J., Sr isotope and trace element studies of the Great Dyke and Bushveld Mafic Phase and their relation to early Proterozoic magma genesis in Southern Africa, J. Petrol., 18, 24-52, 1977.
16. Harley, S. L., The origins of granulites: A metamorphic perspective, Geol. Mag., 126, 215-247, 1989.
17. Harley, S. L., Upwardly mobile hot crust, Nature, 375, 451-452, 1995.
18. Harrison, T. M., F. S. Spear, and M. T. Heizler, Post-Acadian hinged and differential uplift, Geology, 17, 185-189, 1989.
19. Hickman, M. H., Isotopic evidence for crustal reworking in the Rhodesian Archean eraton, southern Africa, Geology, 6, 214-216, 1978.
20. Hollister, L. S., Metamorphism and crustal displacements: new insights, Episodes, 3, 3-8, 1979.
21. Holzer, L., B. S. Kamber, J. D. Kramers, and R. Frei, The tectono-metamorphic event at 2 Ga in the Limpopo Belt and the resetting behaviour of chronometers at high temperature, in Proterozoic Crustal and Metallogenic Evolution, edited by M. N. C., McManus, pp. 127-138, Spec. Pub. of the Geol. Surv. of Namibia, Windhoek, 1995.
22. Jaeckel, P., A. Kröner, I. J. Wendt, G. Brandel, and W. Todt, The Limpopo Belt, South Africa: New evidence from zircon ages for extended late Archean to early Proterozoic evolution, Terra Abstr., 7, 102, 1995.
23. Jelsma, H. A., Granites and greenstones in Northern Zimbabwe: Tectono-thermal evolution and source regions, Ph.D. thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1993.
24. Kamber, B. S., and G. G. Biino, The evolution of high T -low P granulites in the Northern Marginal Zone sensu stricto, Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe - the case for petrography, Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 75, 427-454, 1995.
25. Kamber, B. S., J. D. Kramers, R. Napier, R. A. Cliff, and H. R. Rollinson, The Triangle Shearzone, Zimbabwe, revisited: New data document an important event at 2.0 Ga in the Limpopo Belt, Precambrian Res., 70, 191-213, 1995a.
26. Kamber, B. S., T. G. Blenkinsop, I. M. Villa, and P. S. Dahl, Proterozoic strike-slip deformation and uplift of the Central Zone, Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe, J. Geol., 103, 493-508, 1995b.
27. Loosveld, R. J. H., and M. A. Etheridge, A model for low-pressure facies metamorphism during crustal thickening, J. Metamorph. Geol., 8, 257-267, 1990.
28. Mattison, J. M., A study of complex discordance in zircons using step-wise dissolution techniques, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 116, 117-129, 1994.
29. McCourt, S., and J. R. Vearncombe, Shear zones of the Limpopo Belt and adjacent granitoid-greenstone terranes: Implications for the late Archean collision tectonics on southern Africa, Precambrian Res., 55, 553-570, 1992.
30. Mezger, K., S. R. Bohlen, and G. N. Hanson, Metamorphic history of the Archaean Pikwitonei Granulite Domain and the Cross Lake Subprovince, Superior Province, Manitoba, Canada, J. Petrol., 31, 483-517, 1990.
31. Mezger, K., C. M. Rawnsley, S. R. Bohlen, and G. N. Hanson, U-Pb garnet, sphene, monazite, and rutile ages: Implications for the duration of high-grade metamorphism and cooling histories, Adirondacks Mts., New York, J. Geol., 99, 415-428, 1991.
32. Mkweli, S., B. S. Kamber, and M. Berger, A westward continuation of the Zimbabwe Craton-Northern Marginal Zone tectonic break and new age constraints on the timing of thrusting, J. Geol. Soc. London, 152, 77-83, 1995.
33. Morgan, G. E., The paleomagnetism and cooling history of metamorphic and igneous rocks from the Limpopo Mobile Belt, southern Africa, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 663-675, 1985.
34. Mushayandebvu, M. F., D. L. Jones, and J. C. Briden, A palaeomagnetic study of the Umvimeela Dyke, Zimbabwe: Evidence for a Mesoproterozoic overprint, Precambrian Res., 69, 269-280, 1994.
35. Myers, S., and A. Kröner, Archaean tectonics, in Continental Deformation, edited by P.L., Hancock, pp. 355-369, Pergamon, Tarrytown, N.Y., 1994.
36. Odell, J., Explanation of the Geological Map of the Country around Bangala Dam, Rhod. Geol. Surv., 42, 1975.
37. Peucat, J. J., B. Mahabaleswar, and M. Jayananda, Age of younger tonalitic magmatism and granulitic metamorphism in the South Indian transition zone (Kirshnagiri area); comparison with older Peninsular gneisses from the Gorur-Hassan area, J. Metamorph. Geol., 11, 879-888, 1993.
38. Phaup, A. E., The granitic rocks of the Rhodesian craton, in Symposium on Granites, Gneisses and Related Rocks, edited by L.A., Lister, pp. 59-68, Geol. Soc. South Africa Spec. Publ., Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1973.
39. Pryer, L. L., Microstructures in feldspars from a major crustal thrust zone: The Grenville Front, Ontario, Canada, J. Struct.Geol., 15, 21-36, 1993.
40. Ridley, J., On the origins and tectonic significance of the charnockite suite of the Archaean Limpopo Belt, Northern Marginal Zone, Zimbabwe, Precambrian Res., 55, 407-427, 1992.
41. Robertson, I. D. M., The geology of the country around Mount Towla, Gwanda District, Rhod. geol. Surv. Bull., 68, pp.105-109, 1973.
42. Roering, C., D. D. van Reenen, C. A. Smit, J. M. Barton, J. H. De Beer, M. J. De Wit, E. H. Stettler, J. F. van Schalkwyk, G. Stevens, and S. Pretorious, Tectonic model for the evolution of the Limpopo Belt, Precambrian Res., 55, 539-552, 1992.
43. Rollinson, H. R., Garnet-orthopyroxene thermobarometry of granulites from the north marginal zone of the Limpopo belt, Zimbabwe, in Evolution of Metamorphic Belts, edited by J.S. Daly et al., pp. 331-335, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., Vol., 43, 1989.
44. Rollinson, H. R., and T. Blenkinsop, The magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic evolution of the Northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt in Zimbabwe, J. Geol. Soc. London, 152, 66-75, 1995.
45. Sandiford, M., and R. Powell, Some remarks on high-temperature-low-pressure metamorphism in convergent orogens, J. Metamorph. Geol., 9, 333-340, 1991.
46. Sandiford, M., G. Fraser, J. Arnold, J. Foden, and T. Farrow, Some causes and consequences of high-temperature, low-pressure metamorphism in the eastern Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, Austr. J. Earth Sci., 42, 233-240, 1995.
47. Scott, D.J., and M.R. St-Onge, Constraints on Pb closure temperature in titanite based on rocks from the Ungava orogen, Canada: Implications for U-Pb geochronology and P-T-t path determinations,Geology, 23, 1123-1126, 1995.
48. Stacey, J. S., and J. D. Kramers, Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 26, 207-221, 1975.
49. Stel, H., S. Cloetingh, M. Heeremans, and P. van der Beek, Anorogenic granites, magmatic underplating and the origin of intracratonic basins in a non-extensional setting, Tectonophysics, 226, 285-299, 1993.
50. Stuart, G. W., and T. G. Zengeni, Seismic crustal structure of the Limpopo mobile belt, Zimbabwe, Tectonophysics, 144, 323-335, 1987.
51. Stüwe, K., and M. Sandiford, A description of metamorphic PTt paths with implications for low-P high-T metamorphism, Phys. Earth. Planet. Int., 88, 211-221, 1995.
52. Stüwe, K., M. Sandiford, and R. Powell, Episodic metamorphism and deformation in low-pressure, high-temperature terranes, Geology, 21, 829-832, 1993.
53. Treloar, P. J., and T. G. Blenkinsop, Archaean deformation patterns in Zimbabwe - true indicators of Tibetan style crustal extrusion or not?, in Early Precambrian Processes, edited by Coward, P.P., and A.C. Ries, pp. 87-108, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., Vol., 95, 1995.
54. Tsunogae, T., T. Miyano, and J. Ridley, Metamorphic P-T profiles from the Zimbabwe Craton to the Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe, Precambrian Res., 55, 259-277, 1992.
55. van Breemen, O., and C. J. Hawkesworth, Sm-Nd isotopic study of garnets and their metamorphic host rocks, Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, Earth Sci., 71, 97-102, 1980.
56. van Breemen, O., and M. H. Dodson, Metamorphic chronology of the Limpopo Belt, Southern Africa, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 2005-2018, 1972.
57. van Breemen, O., M. H. Dodson, and J. R. Vail, Isotopic age measurements on the Limpopo orogenic belt, southern Africa, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1, 401-406, 1966.
58. Wells, P. R. A., Thermal models for the magmatic accretion and subsequent metamorphism of continental crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 46, 253-265, 1980.
59. Wijbrans, J. R., M. S. Pringle, A. A. P. Koppers, and R. Scheveers, Argon geochronology of small samples using the VULKAAN argon laserprobe, Proc. Koninklijke Acad. van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 98, 185-218, 1995.
60. Wilson, A. H., and M. D. Prendergast, The Great Dyke of Zimbabwe, I, Tectonic setting, stratigraphy, petrology, structure, emplacement and crystallization, in Magmatic Sulfides - The Zimbabwe Volume, edited by M.D. Prendergast, and M. J. Jones, pp. 1-20, Inst. Min. Metal., London, 1989.
61. Windley, B. F., Uniformitarianism today: Plate tectonics is the key to the past, J. Geol. Soc. London, 150, 7-19, 1993.
62. Windley, B. F., D. Ackermand, and R. K. Herd, Sapphirine/kornerupine-bearing rocks and crustal uplift history of the Limpopo belt, Southern Africa, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 86, 342-358, 1984.
63. Yardley, B. W. D., An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology, Longman Sci. Tech., Singapore, 1989.