Critical colonisation of chronic wounds: Microbial mechanisms

Wounds UK

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 70-78

  White, Richard ^a   Cutting, Keith ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WORCESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b BUCKINGHAMSHIRE NEW UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Chronic wounds; Critical colonisation; Delayed healing; Infection

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; PYOCYANINE; SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID;

BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; CHRONIC WOUND; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTION RISK; LEG ULCER; MICROBIAL COLONIZATION; MORGANELLA MORGANII; NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA; NONHUMAN; PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELL; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; REVIEW; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; WOUND HEALING; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT; WOUND INFECTION;

EID: 42249104908     PISSN: 17466814     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Abd-El-Aleem SA, Morgan C, Ferguson MW, et al (2005) Spatial distribution of mast cells in chronic venous leg ulcers. Eur J Histochem 49(3): 265-72
2. Allen L, Dockrell DH, Pattery T, et al (2005) Pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces neutrophil apoptosis and impairs neutrophil-mediated host defenses in vivo. J Immunol 174(6): 3643-9
3. Athanasopoulos AN, Economopoulos M, Orlova V, et al (2006) The extracellular adherence protein (EAP) of Staphylococcus aureus inhibits wound healing by interfering with host defense and repair mechanisms. Blood 107(7): 2720-7
4. Aspiroz C, Navarro C, Aguilar E, Rodriguez-Andre M (2004) Bacteraemia in an obese patient with cellulitis and chronic ulceration in the lower extremity. Enferm Infec Microbiol Clin 22(6): 363-4
5. Ayton M (1985) Wounds that won't heal. Nurs Times 81(46 suppl): S16-S19
6. Benbow M (2007) Patient assessment and wounds. J Community Nurs 21(7): 18-22
7. Bjarnsholt T, Kirketerp-Møller K, Jensen PØ, et al (2008) Why chronic wounds will not heal: a novel hypothesis. Wound Rep Regen 16(1): 2-10
8. Bowler PG (1998) The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of wounds: a review. Wounds 10(6): 170-8
9. Bowler PG, Davies BJ (1999) The microbiology of infected and non-infected leg ulcers. Int J Dermatol 38(8): 101-6
10. Bowler PG, Davies BJ, Jones SA (1999) Microbial involvement in chronic wound malodour. J Wound Care 8(5): 216-18
11. Bowler PG (2003) The 105 bacterial growth guideline: reassessing its clinical relevance in wound healing. Ostomy/Wound Management 49(1): 44-53
12. Brook I, Frazier EH (1998) Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of chronic venous ulcers. Int J Dermatol 37(6): 426-8
13. Buret A, Cripps AW (1993) The immunoevasive activities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am Rev Respir Dis 148(3): 793-805
14. Chavakis T, Hussain M, Kanse SM, et al (2002) Staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence protein serves as an anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the recruitment of host leukocytes. Nat Med 8(7): 687-93
15. Costerton JW (2001) Cystic fibrosis pathogenesis and the role of biofilms in persistent infection. Trends Microbiol 9(2): 50-2
16. Cooper R, Okhiria O (2007) The issue of biofilms in wounds. In: White R, ed. Advances in Wound Care, volume I. HealthComm UK Ltd, trading as Wounds UK, Aberdeen: 189-204
17. Cooper RA, Morwood S, Burton N (2004) Histamine production by bacteria isolated from wounds. J Infect 49: 39
18. Cutting KF (1998) The identification of infection in granulating wounds by registered nurses. J Clin Nurs 7(6): 539-46
19. Cutting KF (2003) Wound healing, bacteria and topical therapies. EWMA J 3(1): 17-19
20. Cutting KF, Harding KG (1994) Criteria for identifying wound infection. J Wound Care 3(4): 198-201
21. Cutting KF, White RJ (2005) Criteria for identifying wound infection - revisited. Ostomy/Wound Management 51(1): 28-34
22. Dacheux D, Epaulard O, de Groot A, et al (2002) Activation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system. Infect Immun 70(7): 3973-77
23. Daltrey DC, Rhodes B, Chattwood JG (1981) Investigation into the microbial flora of healing and non-healing decubitus ulcers. J Clin Pathol 34(7): 701-5
24. Danielson L (1994) The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic wounds. Proceedings of the 4th European Wound Management Association Conference on Advances in Wound Management. Copenhagen, Denmark; September 6-9
25. Davis E (1996) Don't deny the chance to heal! Presented at the 2nd Joint Meeting of the Wound Healing Society and the European Tissue Repair Society, Boston, Mass; May
26. Davis SC, Ricotti C, Cazzaniga A et al (2008) Microscopic and physiologic evidence for biofilm-associated wound colonization in vivo. Wound Rep Regen 16(1): 23-9
27. Denning GM, Iyer SS, Reszka KJ, et al (2003) Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, a secondary metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, alters expression of immunomodulatory proteins by human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 285(3): 584-92
28. Drosou A, Kirsner RS, Welsh E, Sullivan TP, Kerdel FA (2003) Use of infliximab, an antitumor necrosis alpha antibody, for inflammatory dermatoses. J Cutan Med Surg 7(5): 3823-86
29. Edwards R, Harding KG (2004) Bacteria and wound healing. Curr Opin Infect Dis 17(2): 91-6
30. Eming SA, Krieg T, Davidson JM (2007) Inflammation in wound repair: mollecular and cellular mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol 127(3): 514-25
31. Eron LJ, Lipsky B, Low D, et al (2003) Managing skin and soft tissue infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 52(1 suppl): S3-S17
32. Fexby S, Bjarnsholt T, Ostrup Jensen R et al (2007) Biological Trojan horse: antigen 43 provides specific bacterial uptake and survival in human neutrophils. Infect Immun 75(1): 30-4
33. Gilchrist B (2003) Finding bacteria in wounds: are you being misled? Presented at European Wound Management Association Conference Proceedings, Pisa, Italy, 22-24 May
34. Girard G, Bloemberg GV (2008) Central role of quorum sensing in regulating the production of pathogenicity factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Future Microbiol 3(1): 97-106
35. Gray D, White RJ, Kingsley A, Cooper P (2005) Using the wound infection continuum to assess wound bioburden. Wounds UK 1(2 suppl): S15-S21
36. Haggar A, Ehrnfelt C, Holgersson J (2004) The extracellular adherence protein from Staphylococcus aureus inhibits neutrophil binding to endothelial cells. Infect Immun 72(10): 6164-67
37. Halbert AR, Stacey MC, Rohr JB, et al (1992) The effect of bacterial colonization on venous ulcer healing. Aust J Dermatol 33: 75-80
38. Hamilton Jakobsen B, Danielsen L (1997) Venous leg ulcer. Ugeskr Laeger 159(19): 2836-40
39. Hansson C, Hoborn J, Moler A, Swanbeck G (1995) The microbial flora in venous leg ulcers without clinical signs of infection. Acta Derm Venereol 75(1): 24-30
40. Heinzelmann M, Scott M, Lam T (2002) Factors predisposing to bacterial invasion and infection. Am J Surg 183(2): 179-90
41. Hermanns JF, Paquet P, Arrese JE et al (1999) La cytotoxicité bénéfique des antiseptiques. Rev Med Liege 54(7): 600-5
42. Hooi DS, Bycroft BW, Chabra SR, et al (2004) Differential immune modulatory activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing signal molecules. Infect Immun 72(11): 6463-70
43. Isaac-Marquez AP, Lezama-Davila CM (2003) Detection of pathogenic bacteria in skin lesions of patients with Chiclero's ulcer. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98(8): 1093-5
44. James GA, Swogger E, Wolcott R et al (2008) Biofilms in chronic wounds. Wound Rep Regen 16(1): 37-44
45. Jensen PØ, Bjarnsholt T, Phipps R, et al (2007) Rapid necrotic killing of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is caused by quorum-sensing-controlled production of rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol 153(pt 5): 1329-38
46. King JR, Koerber AJ, Croft JM, et al (2003) Modelling host tissue degradation by extracellular bacterial pathogens. Math Med Biol 20(3): 227-60
47. Kingsley A (2001) A proactive approach to wound infection. Nurs Standard 15(30): 50-8
48. Kingsley AR (2003) The wound infection continuum and its application to clinical practice. Ostomy/Wound Management 49(7 suppl A): S1-S7
49. Kobayashi SD, Voyich JM, DeLeo FR (2003) Regulation of the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response to infection. Microbes Infect 5: 1337-44
50. Lau GW, Hassett DJ, Ran H, et al (2004) The role of pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Trends Mol Med 10(12): 599-606
51. Le Berre R, Nguyen S, Nowark E et al (2008) Quorum-sensing activity and related virulence factors expression in clinically pathogenic isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin Microbiol Infect 7 Jan (Epub ahead of print)
52. Lookingbill D, Miller SH, Knowles RC (1978) Bacteriology of chronic leg ulcers. Arch Dermatol 114(12): 1765-8
53. Meneghin A, Hogaboam CM (2007) Infectious disease, the innate immune response, and fibrosis. J Clin Invest 117(3): 530-8
54. Menke NB, Ward KR, Witten TM, et al (2007) Impaired wound healing. Clin Dermatol 25(1): 19-25
55. Moore K (1999) The cell biology of chronic wounds: the role of inflammation. J Wound Care 8(7): 345-52
56. Ovington L (2003) Bacterial toxins and wound healing. Ostomy/Wound Management 49(7 suppl A): 8-12
57. Page KR, Scott AL, Manabe YC (2006) The expanding realm of heterologous immunity: friend or foe? Cell Microbiol 8(2): 185-96
58. Ras GJ, Anderson R, Taylor GW et al (1992) Clindamycin, erythomycin and roxithromycin inhibit the pro-inflammatory interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pigments with human neutrophils in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36(6): 1236-40
59. Rotstein OD, Nasmith PE, Grinstein S (1987) The bacteroides by-product succinic acid inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst by reducing intracellular pH. Infect Immun 55(4): 864-70
60. Rotstein OD, Vittorini T, Kao J, et al (1989) A soluble bacteroides by-product impairs phagocytic killing of Escherichia coli by neutrophils. Infect Immun 57(3): 745-53
61. Serralta VW, Harrison-Baletra C, Cazzaniga AL, et al (2001) Lifestyles of bacteria in wounds: presence of biofilms? Wounds 13(1): 29-34
62. Sio CF, Otten LG, Cool RH, et al (2006) Quorum quenching by an N-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Infect Immun 74(3): 1673-82
63. Speert DP (2002) Molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Biosci 7: 354-61
64. Stephens P, Wall IB, Wilson MJ, et al (2003) Anaerobic cocci populating the deep tissues of chronic wounds impair cellular wound healing responses in vitro. Br J Dermatol 148(3): 456-66
65. Trengove NJ, Stacey MC, McGechie D, Stingemore N, Mata S (1994) Qualitative bacteria and chronic leg ulcer healing. Proceedings of the 4th European Wound Management Association Conference on Advances in Wound Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; September 6-9
66. Trengove NJ, Stacey MC, McGechie DF, et al (1996) Qualitative bacteria and chronic leg ulcer healing. J Wound Care 5(6): 2772-80
67. Usher LR, Lawson RA, Geary I, et al (2002) Induction of neutrophil apoptosis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin pyocyanin; a potential mechanism of persistent infection. J Immunol 168(4): 1861-68
68. White RJ (2006) More research is needed before we can accurately define and understand critical colonisation. Letter. Wounds UK 2(2): 86-8
69. White R, Cutting K, Kingsley A (2005a) Topical antimicrobials in the control of wound bioburden. Ostomy/Wound Management 52(8): 26-58
70. White RJ, Cutting KF, Kingsley A (2005b) Critical colonisation: clinical reality or myth? Wounds UK 1(1): 94-5
71. Zychlinsky A, Sansonetti P (1997a) Perspective series: host/pathogen interactions. Apoptosis in bacterial pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 100(3): 493-5
72. Zychlinsky A, Sansonetti P (1997b) Apoptosis as a pro-inflammatory event: what can we learn from bacteria-induced cell death? Trends Microbiol 5(5): 201-4