메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 147-153

Nasal reflexes: Implications for exercise, breathing, and sex

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; INHIBITORY GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NORADRENALIN; PLACEBO; SUMATRIPTAN; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNEL;

EID: 42149141803     PISSN: 15297322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-008-0025-7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (31)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 0022367844 scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise on nasal airflow resistance in healthy subjects and in patients with asthma and rhinitis
    • Syabbalo NC, Bundgaard A, Widdicombe JG: Effects of exercise on nasal airflow resistance in healthy subjects and in patients with asthma and rhinitis. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1985, 21:507-513.
    • (1985) Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir , vol.21 , pp. 507-513
    • Syabbalo, N.C.1    Bundgaard, A.2    Widdicombe, J.G.3
  • 3
    • 0023135978 scopus 로고
    • The response of the nasal airway to exercise
    • Olson LC, Strohl KP: The response of the nasal airway to exercise. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987, 135:356-359.
    • (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.135 , pp. 356-359
    • Olson, L.C.1    Strohl, K.P.2
  • 4
    • 0014289162 scopus 로고
    • Nasal airway response to exercise
    • Richerson HB, Seebohm PN: Nasal airway response to exercise. J Allergy 1968, 41:269-284.
    • (1968) J Allergy , vol.41 , pp. 269-284
    • Richerson, H.B.1    Seebohm, P.N.2
  • 5
    • 0022872114 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phenylpropanolamine on ostial and nasal airway resistance in healthy individuals
    • Melen I, Andreasson L, Ivarsson A, et al.: Effects of phenylpropanolamine on ostial and nasal airway resistance in healthy individuals. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1986, 102:99-105.
    • (1986) Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) , vol.102 , pp. 99-105
    • Melen, I.1    Andreasson, L.2    Ivarsson, A.3
  • 6
    • 0022627748 scopus 로고
    • Effects of phenylpropanolamine on ostial and nasal patency in patients treated for chronic maxillary sinusitis
    • Melen I, Friberg B, Andreasson L, et al.: Effects of phenylpropanolamine on ostial and nasal patency in patients treated for chronic maxillary sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1986, 101:494-500.
    • (1986) Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) , vol.101 , pp. 494-500
    • Melen, I.1    Friberg, B.2    Andreasson, L.3
  • 8
    • 0023901928 scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide Y as an autonomic neurotransmitter
    • Potter EK: Neuropeptide Y as an autonomic neurotransmitter. Pharmac Ther 1988, 37:251-273.
    • (1988) Pharmac Ther , vol.37 , pp. 251-273
    • Potter, E.K.1
  • 10
    • 0034188889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does nasal breathing cause frictional trauma in allergic rhinitis?
    • Singh V, Chowdhary R, Chowdhary N: Does nasal breathing cause frictional trauma in allergic rhinitis? J Assoc Physicians India 2000, 48:501-504.
    • (2000) J Assoc Physicians India , vol.48 , pp. 501-504
    • Singh, V.1    Chowdhary, R.2    Chowdhary, N.3
  • 11
    • 0032831654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cold water immersion on the nasal mucosa
    • Wilde AD: The effect of cold water immersion on the nasal mucosa. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1999, 24:411-413.
    • (1999) Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci , vol.24 , pp. 411-413
    • Wilde, A.D.1
  • 12
    • 42149172129 scopus 로고
    • Non-immunological factors
    • Edited by Mygind N. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific;
    • Mygind N: Non-immunological factors. In Nasal Allergy. Edited by Mygind N. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; 1978:140-154.
    • (1978) Nasal Allergy , pp. 140-154
    • Mygind, N.1
  • 13
    • 0037560457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of the nasal mucosal surface temperature after warming of the feet occurs via a neural reflex
    • Assanasen P, Baroody FM, Haney L, et al.: Elevation of the nasal mucosal surface temperature after warming of the feet occurs via a neural reflex. Acta Otolaryngol 2003, 123:627-636.
    • (2003) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.123 , pp. 627-636
    • Assanasen, P.1    Baroody, F.M.2    Haney, L.3
  • 15
    • 0035014282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs)
    • Goadsby PJ: Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs). Acta Neurol Belg 2001, 101:10-19.
    • (2001) Acta Neurol Belg , vol.101 , pp. 10-19
    • Goadsby, P.J.1
  • 16
    • 0037388559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sumatriptan in migraine with unilateral cranial autonomic symptoms: An open study
    • Barbanti P, Fabbrini G, Vanacore N, et al.: Sumatriptan in migraine with unilateral cranial autonomic symptoms: an open study. Headache 2003, 43:400-403.
    • (2003) Headache , vol.43 , pp. 400-403
    • Barbanti, P.1    Fabbrini, G.2    Vanacore, N.3
  • 17
    • 1842459620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic failure in neurodegenerative disorders
    • Kaufmann H, Biaggioni I: Autonomic failure in neurodegenerative disorders. Semin Neurol 2003, 23:351-363.
    • (2003) Semin Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 351-363
    • Kaufmann, H.1    Biaggioni, I.2
  • 18
    • 0030856645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic reflexes and non-allergic rhinitis
    • Jones AS: Autonomic reflexes and non-allergic rhinitis. Allergy 1997, 52(36 Suppl):14-19.
    • (1997) Allergy , vol.52 , Issue.36 SUPPL. , pp. 14-19
    • Jones, A.S.1
  • 19
    • 0037268004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of external nasal dilators on blood oxygen levels in dental patients
    • Moses AJ, Lieberman M: The effect of external nasal dilators on blood oxygen levels in dental patients. J Am Dent Assoc 2003, 134:97-101.
    • (2003) J Am Dent Assoc , vol.134 , pp. 97-101
    • Moses, A.J.1    Lieberman, M.2
  • 20
    • 0035084014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of stimulus site and intensity in differences of pain-induced vascular reflexes in human orofacial regions
    • Kemppainen P, Forster C, Handwerker HO: The importance of stimulus site and intensity in differences of pain-induced vascular reflexes in human orofacial regions. Pain 2001, 91:331-338.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.91 , pp. 331-338
    • Kemppainen, P.1    Forster, C.2    Handwerker, H.O.3
  • 21
    • 0001945145 scopus 로고
    • Neurological and pharmacological considerations
    • Edited by Procter DF, Anderson IB. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press;
    • Eccles R: Neurological and pharmacological considerations. In The Nose: Upper Airway Physiology and the Atmospheric Environment. Edited by Procter DF, Anderson IB. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press; 1982:191-214.
    • (1982) The Nose: Upper Airway Physiology and the Atmospheric Environment , pp. 191-214
    • Eccles, R.1
  • 22
    • 0000788781 scopus 로고
    • Sneezing in response to light
    • Everett HC: Sneezing in response to light. Neurology 1964, 14:483-490.
    • (1964) Neurology , vol.14 , pp. 483-490
    • Everett, H.C.1
  • 23
    • 18244395556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol-induced upper airway symptoms: Prevalence and co-morbidity
    • Nihlen U, Greiff LJ, Nyberg P, et al.: Alcohol-induced upper airway symptoms: prevalence and co-morbidity. Respir Med 2005, 99:762-769.
    • (2005) Respir Med , vol.99 , pp. 762-769
    • Nihlen, U.1    Greiff, L.J.2    Nyberg, P.3
  • 24
  • 25
    • 42149094175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widdicombe JG: Reflexes from the upper respiratory tract. In: Handbook of Physiology, sec 3, The Respiratory System, 2, Control of Breathing, part 1. Edited by Fishman AP, Cherniak NS, Widdicombe JG, Geiger SR. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society; 1986:363-394.
    • Widdicombe JG: Reflexes from the upper respiratory tract. In: Handbook of Physiology, sec 3, The Respiratory System, vol 2, Control of Breathing, part 1. Edited by Fishman AP, Cherniak NS, Widdicombe JG, Geiger SR. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society; 1986:363-394.
  • 26
    • 0017418433 scopus 로고
    • Defensive mechanisms of the respiratory system
    • Edited by Widdicombe JG. Baltimore: University Park Press;
    • Widdicombe JG: Defensive mechanisms of the respiratory system. In International Review of Physiology, vol 14, Respiratory Physiology 2. Edited by Widdicombe JG. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1977:291-315.
    • (1977) International Review of Physiology, vol 14, Respiratory Physiology , vol.2 , pp. 291-315
    • Widdicombe, J.G.1
  • 27
    • 0014784730 scopus 로고
    • The effect of trigeminal resection on reflex bronchoconstriction after nasal and nasopharyngeal irritation in man
    • Kaufman J, Chen JC, Wright GW: The effect of trigeminal resection on reflex bronchoconstriction after nasal and nasopharyngeal irritation in man. Am Rev Respir Dis 1970, 101:768-769.
    • (1970) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.101 , pp. 768-769
    • Kaufman, J.1    Chen, J.C.2    Wright, G.W.3
  • 28
    • 0000670443 scopus 로고
    • Effect of various inhaled vapors on respiration and blood pressure in anesthetized, unanesthetized, sleeping, and anosmic subjects
    • Allen WF: Effect of various inhaled vapors on respiration and blood pressure in anesthetized, unanesthetized, sleeping, and anosmic subjects. Am J Physiol 1929, 88:620-632.
    • (1929) Am J Physiol , vol.88 , pp. 620-632
    • Allen, W.F.1
  • 29
    • 0032721860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of nose-lung interaction
    • Togias A: Mechanisms of nose-lung interaction. Allergy 1999, 54(Suppl 57):94-105.
    • (1999) Allergy , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. 57 , pp. 94-105
    • Togias, A.1
  • 30
    • 0032742109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of the upper and lower airways
    • Undem BJ, McAlexander M, Hunter DD: Neurobiology of the upper and lower airways. Allergy 1999, 54(Suppl 57):81-93.
    • (1999) Allergy , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. 57 , pp. 81-93
    • Undem, B.J.1    McAlexander, M.2    Hunter, D.D.3
  • 31
    • 0032900357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trigeminovagal reflex during repair of a nasal fracture under general anesthesia
    • Locke MM, Spiekermann BF, Rich GF: Trigeminovagal reflex during repair of a nasal fracture under general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1999, 88:1183-1184.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.88 , pp. 1183-1184
    • Locke, M.M.1    Spiekermann, B.F.2    Rich, G.F.3
  • 32
    • 2442765400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of nasal fontanel receptors on the regulation of tracheobronchal vagal tone
    • Milicic D, Mladina R, Djanic D, et al.: Influence of nasal fontanel receptors on the regulation of tracheobronchal vagal tone. Croat Med J 1998, 39:426-429.
    • (1998) Croat Med J , vol.39 , pp. 426-429
    • Milicic, D.1    Mladina, R.2    Djanic, D.3
  • 33
    • 0020629668 scopus 로고
    • The response of the airways to nasal stimulation in asthmatics with rhinitis
    • Yan K, Salome C: The response of the airways to nasal stimulation in asthmatics with rhinitis. Eur J Respir Dis 1983, 64(Suppl 128):105-108.
    • (1983) Eur J Respir Dis , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 128 , pp. 105-108
    • Yan, K.1    Salome, C.2
  • 34
    • 0014606302 scopus 로고
    • The effect of nasal and nasopharyngeal irritation on airway resistance in man
    • Kautman J, Wright GW: The effect of nasal and nasopharyngeal irritation on airway resistance in man. Am Rev Respir Dis 1969, 100:626-616.
    • (1969) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.100 , pp. 626-616
    • Kautman, J.1    Wright, G.W.2
  • 35
    • 0008340492 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of bronchoconstriction during inhalation of dust
    • Widdicombe JG, Kent DC, Nadel JA: Mechanisms of bronchoconstriction during inhalation of dust. J Appl Physiol 1962, 17:613-616.
    • (1962) J Appl Physiol , vol.17 , pp. 613-616
    • Widdicombe, J.G.1    Kent, D.C.2    Nadel, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 0014799083 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiologic relationship between the upper and lower airways
    • Drettner B: Pathophysiologic relationship between the upper and lower airways. Ann Otol Rhino Laryngol 1970, 79:499-505.
    • (1970) Ann Otol Rhino Laryngol , vol.79 , pp. 499-505
    • Drettner, B.1
  • 37
    • 14344256621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cold dry air nasal stimulation on airway mucosal blood flow in humans
    • Le Merre C, Isber J, Chediak AD, Wanner A: Effects of cold dry air nasal stimulation on airway mucosal blood flow in humans. Arch Physiol Biochem 2003, 111:327-329.
    • (2003) Arch Physiol Biochem , vol.111 , pp. 327-329
    • Le Merre, C.1    Isber, J.2    Chediak, A.D.3    Wanner, A.4
  • 38
    • 0033660221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasobronchial relationship after cold air provocation
    • Johansson A, Bende M, Millqvist E, Bake B: Nasobronchial relationship after cold air provocation. Respir Med 2000, 94:1119-1122.
    • (2000) Respir Med , vol.94 , pp. 1119-1122
    • Johansson, A.1    Bende, M.2    Millqvist, E.3    Bake, B.4
  • 39
    • 0030697346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasal eupnoeic inhalation of cold, dry air increases airway resistance in asthmatic patients
    • Fontanari P, Zattara-Hartmann MC, Burnet H, Jammes Y: Nasal eupnoeic inhalation of cold, dry air increases airway resistance in asthmatic patients. Eur Respir J 1997, 10:2250-2254.
    • (1997) Eur Respir J , vol.10 , pp. 2250-2254
    • Fontanari, P.1    Zattara-Hartmann, M.C.2    Burnet, H.3    Jammes, Y.4
  • 41
    • 0034493826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of upper airway reflexes to apnoea reversal, arousal, and resuscitation
    • Tomori Z, Benacka R, Donic V, Jakus J: Contribution of upper airway reflexes to apnoea reversal, arousal, and resuscitation. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2000, 55:398-403.
    • (2000) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.55 , pp. 398-403
    • Tomori, Z.1    Benacka, R.2    Donic, V.3    Jakus, J.4
  • 42
    • 0029418470 scopus 로고
    • The effect of laryngectomy on selected physiologic functions of the nose
    • Betlejewski A: The effect of laryngectomy on selected physiologic functions of the nose. Otolaryngol Pol 1995, 49(Suppl 20):115-120.
    • (1995) Otolaryngol Pol , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 20 , pp. 115-120
    • Betlejewski, A.1
  • 43
    • 0032938066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in airway resistance induced by nasal or oral intermittent positive pressure ventilation in normal individuals
    • Fontanari P, Burnet H, Zattara-Hartmann MC, et al.: Changes in airway resistance induced by nasal or oral intermittent positive pressure ventilation in normal individuals. Eur Respir J 1999, 13:867-872.
    • (1999) Eur Respir J , vol.13 , pp. 867-872
    • Fontanari, P.1    Burnet, H.2    Zattara-Hartmann, M.C.3
  • 44
    • 0022628770 scopus 로고
    • Nonspecific nasal reactivity: A proposed method of study
    • Gherson G, Moscato G, Vidi I, et al.: Nonspecific nasal reactivity: a proposed method of study. Eur J Respir Dis 1986, 69:24-28.
    • (1986) Eur J Respir Dis , vol.69 , pp. 24-28
    • Gherson, G.1    Moscato, G.2    Vidi, I.3
  • 45
    • 0141848473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchopulmonary afferent nerves
    • Carr MJ, Undem BJ: Bronchopulmonary afferent nerves. Respirology 2003, 8:291-301.
    • (2003) Respirology , vol.8 , pp. 291-301
    • Carr, M.J.1    Undem, B.J.2
  • 46
    • 0028877866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrathoracic and intrathoracic airway responsiveness in sinusitis
    • Bucca C, Rolla G, Scappaticci E, et al.: Extrathoracic and intrathoracic airway responsiveness in sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997, 95:52-59.
    • (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.95 , pp. 52-59
    • Bucca, C.1    Rolla, G.2    Scappaticci, E.3
  • 47
    • 0030816789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damage of the pharyngeal mucosal and hyperresponsiveness of airway in sinusitis
    • Rolla G, Colagrande P, Scappaticci E, et al.: Damage of the pharyngeal mucosal and hyperresponsiveness of airway in sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997, 100:52-57.
    • (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.100 , pp. 52-57
    • Rolla, G.1    Colagrande, P.2    Scappaticci, E.3
  • 48
    • 0000897577 scopus 로고
    • Irritation of the sexual apparatus as an etiological factor in the production of nasal disease
    • Mackenzie J: Irritation of the sexual apparatus as an etiological factor in the production of nasal disease. Am J Med Sci 1884, 88:360-365.
    • (1884) Am J Med Sci , vol.88 , pp. 360-365
    • Mackenzie, J.1
  • 49
    • 0025942494 scopus 로고
    • Postcoital asthma and rhinitis
    • Shah A, Sircar M: Postcoital asthma and rhinitis. Chest 1991, 100:1039-1041.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , pp. 1039-1041
    • Shah, A.1    Sircar, M.2
  • 50
    • 0036988099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freud's friend Fliess
    • Young AR: Freud's friend Fliess. J Laryngol Otol 2002, 116:992-995.
    • (2002) J Laryngol Otol , vol.116 , pp. 992-995
    • Young, A.R.1
  • 52
    • 0024858085 scopus 로고
    • A scientific dialogue between Freud and Fliess. The research project on neurasthenia (1893)
    • Schroter M: A scientific dialogue between Freud and Fliess. The research project on neurasthenia (1893). Rev Int Hist Psychanal 1989, 2:109-146.
    • (1989) Rev Int Hist Psychanal , vol.2 , pp. 109-146
    • Schroter, M.1
  • 53
    • 0034046999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoosmology at the turn of the millennium: From "nasal reflex neurosis" to the modern psychosomatics of sudden anosmia
    • Koch-Gromus U, Schmeling-Kludas C: Psychoosmology at the turn of the millennium: from "nasal reflex neurosis" to the modern psychosomatics of sudden anosmia. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2000, 50:259-270.
    • (2000) Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol , vol.50 , pp. 259-270
    • Koch-Gromus, U.1    Schmeling-Kludas, C.2
  • 54
    • 0032887347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recalcitrant case of reflexive nose picking. Trigeminal trophic syndrome
    • Mishriki YY: A recalcitrant case of reflexive nose picking. Trigeminal trophic syndrome. Postgrad Med 1999, 106:175-176.
    • (1999) Postgrad Med , vol.106 , pp. 175-176
    • Mishriki, Y.Y.1
  • 56
    • 0347623367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychogenic intractable sneezing: Case reports and a review of treatment options
    • Lin TJ, Maccia CA, Turnier CG: Psychogenic intractable sneezing: case reports and a review of treatment options. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003, 91:575-578.
    • (2003) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.91 , pp. 575-578
    • Lin, T.J.1    Maccia, C.A.2    Turnier, C.G.3
  • 57
    • 18744362126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intractable paroxysmal sneezing
    • Gopalan P, Browning ST: Intractable paroxysmal sneezing. J Laryngol Otol 2002, 116:958-959.
    • (2002) J Laryngol Otol , vol.116 , pp. 958-959
    • Gopalan, P.1    Browning, S.T.2
  • 58
    • 0034280639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of nasal symptoms
    • Eccles R: Pathophysiology of nasal symptoms. Am J Rhinol 2000, 14:335-338.
    • (2000) Am J Rhinol , vol.14 , pp. 335-338
    • Eccles, R.1
  • 59
    • 29444458537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dysfunction in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
    • Kirmaz C, Aydemir O, Bayrak P, et al.: Sexual dysfunction in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005, 95:525-529.
    • (2005) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.95 , pp. 525-529
    • Kirmaz, C.1    Aydemir, O.2    Bayrak, P.3
  • 60
    • 37249008729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nose and sex: The nasogenital reflex revisited
    • Chester AC: The nose and sex: the nasogenital reflex revisited. J R Soc Med 2007, 100:489-490.
    • (2007) J R Soc Med , vol.100 , pp. 489-490
    • Chester, A.C.1
  • 61
    • 2042505700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the steroid sex hormones on the nasal airway during the normal menstrual cycle
    • Philpott CM, El-Alami M, Murty GE: The effect of the steroid sex hormones on the nasal airway during the normal menstrual cycle. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2004, 29:138-142.
    • (2004) Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci , vol.29 , pp. 138-142
    • Philpott, C.M.1    El-Alami, M.2    Murty, G.E.3
  • 65
    • 34347205201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and the nose: Human pheromonal responses
    • Bhutta MF: Sex and the nose: human pheromonal responses. J R Soc Med 2007, 100:268-274.
    • (2007) J R Soc Med , vol.100 , pp. 268-274
    • Bhutta, M.F.1
  • 66
    • 42149189232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sigmund Freud Archive: Correspondence. Available at: http://library.med.cornell.edu/Library/HTML/sigmund_freud/ essays_op.html#pho. Accessed November 2007.
    • Sigmund Freud Archive: Correspondence. Available at: http://library.med.cornell.edu/Library/HTML/sigmund_freud/ essays_op.html#pho. Accessed November 2007.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.