메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 173-210

History of hemodialyzers' designs

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Dialysis; Dialyzers; Membranes; Osmosis; Uremic toxins

Indexed keywords

CELLOPHANE; CUPROPHANE; DIALYSIS FLUID; ELECTROLYTE; GLUCOSE; HEPARIN; HIRUDIN; POLITEF; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); PYROXYLIN; UREMIC TOXIN; WATER;

EID: 41949083941     PISSN: 14927535     EISSN: 15424758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2008.00253.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (201)
  • 1
    • 0002918160 scopus 로고
    • Chirurgische Bermerkungen über die Peritonealhöle, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Ovariotomie
    • Wegner G. Chirurgische Bermerkungen über die Peritonealhöle, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Ovariotomie. [Surgical remarks on the peritoneal cavity, especially on the ovariotomy]. Arch f klin Chir. 1877; 20: 51-145.
    • (1877) Arch F Klin Chir , vol.20 , pp. 51-145
    • Wegner, G.1
  • 2
    • 84940139862 scopus 로고
    • On absorption from and secretion into serous cavities
    • Starling EH, Tubby AH. On absorption from and secretion into serous cavities. J Physiol. 1894; 16: 140-155.
    • (1894) J Physiol , vol.16 , pp. 140-155
    • Starling, E.H.1    Tubby, A.H.2
  • 4
    • 0004104838 scopus 로고
    • Book I-III, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Translated by Arthur John Brock. Loeb Classical Library
    • Galen C. On the Natural Faculties, Book I-III, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. http://www.medicinaantiqua.org.uk/Medant/GalNatI.htm. Translated by Arthur John Brock. Loeb Classical Library, 1916.
    • (1916) On the Natural Faculties
    • Galen, C.1
  • 7
    • 5244243866 scopus 로고
    • St Martin's Street, London, UK: Macmillan and Co. Limited
    • Thorpe E. Essays in Historical Chemistry. St Martin's Street, London, UK: Macmillan and Co. Limited; 1923.
    • (1923) Essays in Historical Chemistry
    • Thorpe, E.1
  • 8
    • 6544285770 scopus 로고
    • Mèmoire pour servir àl'histoire naturelle chimique et médicale de l'urine humaine
    • (4 April)
    • Fourcroy AF, Vauquelin N. Mèmoire pour servir àl'histoire naturelle chimique et médicale de l'urine humaine [A memoir on natural history, chemical and medical, of human urine]. Mém Inst. 1797; 2: 431 (4 April).
    • (1797) Mém Inst , vol.2 , pp. 431
    • Fourcroy, A.F.1    Vauquelin, N.2
  • 9
    • 0002867744 scopus 로고
    • Premiere mèmoire pour servir àl'histoire naturelle, chimique et médicale, de l'urine humaine
    • Fourcroy AF, Vauquelin N. Premiere mèmoire pour servir àl'histoire naturelle, chimique et médicale, de l'urine humaine [First memoir on natural history, chemical and medical, of human urine]. Ann Chimie. 1799; 31: 48-71.
    • (1799) Ann Chimie , vol.31 , pp. 48-71
    • Fourcroy, A.F.1    Vauquelin, N.2
  • 10
    • 0009957035 scopus 로고
    • Second mèmoire pour servir àl'histoire naturelle, chimique et naturelle, de l'urine humaine, dans lequel on s'ocupee spécialement des propriétés de la matiére particuliére qui la caratérise
    • Fourcroy AF, Vauquelin N. Second mèmoire pour servir àl'histoire naturelle, chimique et naturelle, de l'urine humaine, dans lequel on s'ocupee spécialement des propriétés de la matiére particuliére qui la caratérise [Second memoir on natural history, chemical and natural, of human urine, with special emphasis on the properties of the matter that it characterizes]. Ann Chimie. 1799; 32: 80-112.
    • (1799) Ann Chimie , vol.32 , pp. 80-112
    • Fourcroy, A.F.1    Vauquelin, N.2
  • 12
    • 6544259241 scopus 로고
    • Sur de novelles expériences relatives aux propriétés médicamenteuses de l'urée
    • Ségalas d'Etchepare PS, Vauquelin N. Sur de novelles expériences relatives aux propriétés médicamenteuses de l'urée [On the new experiences related to the medicinal properties of urea]. Lettre àM Magendie J Physiol. 1821-1822; 2: 354-363.
    • (1821) J Physiol , vol.2 , pp. 354-363
    • Ségalas d'Etchepare, P.S.1    Vauquelin, N.2
  • 14
    • 33748098045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral nephrectomy in the 19th century. Uremic toxicity: From urea to potassium
    • Richet G, van Ypersele de Strihou C. Bilateral nephrectomy in the 19th century. Uremic toxicity: From urea to potassium. J Nephrol. 2006; 19: 64-70.
    • (2006) J Nephrol , vol.19 , pp. 64-70
    • Richet, G.1    van Ypersele de Strihou, C.2
  • 16
    • 0000984749 scopus 로고
    • First clinical experience with the artificial kidney
    • Kolff WJ. First clinical experience with the artificial kidney. Ann Intern Med. 1965; 62: 608-619.
    • (1965) Ann Intern Med , vol.62 , pp. 608-619
    • Kolff, W.J.1
  • 19
    • 7644226025 scopus 로고
    • The origins of the atomic theory
    • Partington JR. The origins of the atomic theory. Ann Sci. 1939; 4: 245-282.
    • (1939) Ann Sci , vol.4 , pp. 245-282
    • Partington, J.R.1
  • 24
    • 0000745741 scopus 로고
    • Liquid diffusion applied to analysis
    • Graham T. Liquid diffusion applied to analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond. 1861; 151: 183-224.
    • (1861) Philos Trans R Soc Lond , vol.151 , pp. 183-224
    • Graham, T.1
  • 26
    • 0032941709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial dialysis membranes: From concept to large scale production
    • Vienken J, Diamantoglou M, Henne W, Nederlof B. Artificial dialysis membranes: From concept to large scale production. Am J Nephrol. 1999; 19: 355-362.
    • (1999) Am J Nephrol , vol.19 , pp. 355-362
    • Vienken, J.1    Diamantoglou, M.2    Henne, W.3    Nederlof, B.4
  • 27
    • 84979765962 scopus 로고
    • Ueber diffusion
    • Fick A. Ueber diffusion [on diffusion]. Ann Phys Chem. 1855; 94: 59-86.
    • (1855) Ann Phys Chem , vol.94 , pp. 59-86
    • Fick, A.1
  • 28
    • 6544256299 scopus 로고
    • The preparation and standardization of collodion membranes
    • Eggerth AH. The preparation and standardization of collodion membranes. J Bio Chem. 1921; 48: 203-221.
    • (1921) J Bio Chem , vol.48 , pp. 203-221
    • Eggerth, A.H.1
  • 30
    • 0025898662 scopus 로고
    • The history of leeching and hirudin
    • Fields WS. The history of leeching and hirudin. Haemostasis. 1991; 21 (Suppl 1): 3-10.
    • (1991) Haemostasis , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 3-10
    • Fields, W.S.1
  • 31
    • 0001146972 scopus 로고
    • On the action of a secretion obtained from the medicinal leech on the coagulation of blood
    • Haycraft JB. On the action of a secretion obtained from the medicinal leech on the coagulation of blood. Proc R Soc Lond. 1983-1884; 36: 478-487.
    • (1983) Proc R Soc Lond , vol.36 , pp. 478-487
    • Haycraft, J.B.1
  • 32
    • 0000750933 scopus 로고
    • Ueber Hirudin Medizinische Gesselschaft in Göttingen
    • Herr Jacobj. Ueber Hirudin [On hirudin]. Medizinische Gesselschaft in Göttingen. Dtsch Med Wschr. 1904; 30: 1786-1787.
    • (1904) Dtsch Med Wschr , vol.30 , pp. 1786-1787
    • Herr, J.1
  • 33
    • 0031729956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hirudin, heparin and Heinrich Necheles
    • George CRP. Hirudin, heparin and Heinrich Necheles. Nephrology. 1998; 4: 225-228.
    • (1998) Nephrology , vol.4 , pp. 225-228
    • George, C.R.P.1
  • 34
    • 0003146557 scopus 로고
    • On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood by means of dialysis
    • Abel JJ, Rowntree LG, Turner BB. On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood by means of dialysis. Trans Assoc Am Physicians, Phila. 1913; XXVIII: 51-54.
    • (1913) Trans Assoc Am Physicians, Phila , vol.28 , pp. 51-54
    • Abel, J.J.1    Rowntree, L.G.2    Turner, B.B.3
  • 35
    • 0001753755 scopus 로고
    • On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood of living animals by dialysis
    • Abel JJ, Rowntree LG, Turner BB. On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood of living animals by dialysis. J Pharmacol Exper Ther, Balt. 1913-1914; V: 275-316.
    • (1913) J Pharmacol Exper Ther, Balt , vol.5 , pp. 275-316
    • Abel, J.J.1    Rowntree, L.G.2    Turner, B.B.3
  • 36
    • 41949102004 scopus 로고
    • An Artificial Kidney
    • Anonymous. London, Monday, August 11
    • Anonymous. An Artificial Kidney. The Times. London, Monday, August 11, 1913.
    • (1913) The Times
  • 37
    • 15644382689 scopus 로고
    • On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood of living animals by dialysis
    • Abel JJ, Rowntree LG, Turner BB. On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood of living animals by dialysis. J Pharmacol Exper Ther Balt. 1913-1914; V: 611-623.
    • (1913) J Pharmacol Exper Ther Balt , vol.5 , pp. 611-623
    • Abel, J.J.1    Rowntree, L.G.2    Turner, B.B.3
  • 39
    • 0035204875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Georg Haas (1886-1971): The forgotten hemodialysis pioneer
    • Paskalev DN. Georg Haas (1886-1971): The forgotten hemodialysis pioneer. Dial Transplant. 2001; 30: 828-852.
    • (2001) Dial Transplant , vol.30 , pp. 828-852
    • Paskalev, D.N.1
  • 40
    • 0345305771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Frühgeschichte der künstlichen Niere
    • [Article in German with comprehensive English abstract]
    • Benedum J. Die Frühgeschichte der künstlichen Niere [The early history of the artificial kidney]. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2003; 38: 681-688. [Article in German with comprehensive English abstract].
    • (2003) Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther , vol.38 , pp. 681-688
    • Benedum, J.1
  • 41
    • 34250936224 scopus 로고
    • Versuche der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse
    • Haas G. Versuche der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse [Attempts of blood washing in vivo with the help of dialysis]. Klin Wochenschr. 1925; 4: 13-14.
    • (1925) Klin Wochenschr , vol.4 , pp. 13-14
    • Haas, G.1
  • 42
    • 34250964658 scopus 로고
    • Über Versuche der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse. I. Mittteilung
    • Haas G. Über Versuche der Blutauswaschung am Lebenden mit Hilfe der Dialyse. I. Mittteilung [On attempts of blood washing in vivo with the help of dialysis. I. Announcement]. Archiv Exp Path Pharmakol. 1926; 106: 158-172.
    • (1926) Archiv Exp Path Pharmakol , vol.106 , pp. 158-172
    • Haas, G.1
  • 43
    • 0000454387 scopus 로고
    • Über Blutauswaschung
    • Haas G. Über Blutauswaschung [On blood washing]. Klin Wochenschr. 1928; 7: 1356-1362.
    • (1928) Klin Wochenschr , vol.7 , pp. 1356-1362
    • Haas, G.1
  • 44
    • 0242712591 scopus 로고
    • Die Methoden der Blutauswaschung (dialysis in vivo)
    • Haas G. Die Methoden der Blutauswaschung (dialysis in vivo) [The methodology of blood washing (dialysis in vivo)]. Abderhaldens Hanbuch Biol Arbeitsmeth. 1935; 8: 717-754.
    • (1935) Abderhaldens Hanbuch Biol Arbeitsmeth , vol.8 , pp. 717-754
    • Haas, G.1
  • 45
    • 33645368890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialyzer reuse-part I: Historical perspective
    • Twardowski ZJ. Dialyzer reuse-part I: Historical perspective. Semin Dial. 2006; 19: 41-53.
    • (2006) Semin Dial , vol.19 , pp. 41-53
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 46
    • 0000983222 scopus 로고
    • The thromboplastic action of cephalin
    • McLean J. The thromboplastic action of cephalin. Am J Physiol. 1916; 41: 250-257.
    • (1916) Am J Physiol , vol.41 , pp. 250-257
    • McLean, J.1
  • 47
    • 0000420311 scopus 로고
    • Two new factors in blood coagulation-heparin and pro-antithrombin
    • Howell WH, Holt E. Two new factors in blood coagulation-heparin and pro-antithrombin. Am J Physiol. 1918; 47: 328-341.
    • (1918) Am J Physiol , vol.47 , pp. 328-341
    • Howell, W.H.1    Holt, E.2
  • 48
    • 0342867654 scopus 로고
    • Heparin, an anticoagulant
    • Howell WH. Heparin, an anticoagulant. Am J Physiol. 1923; 63: 434-435.
    • (1923) Am J Physiol , vol.63 , pp. 434-435
    • Howell, W.H.1
  • 49
    • 0034124138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical haemodialysis began with cellophane and heparin: The crucial role of William Thalhimer (1884-1961)
    • Cameron JS. Practical haemodialysis began with cellophane and heparin: The crucial role of William Thalhimer (1884-1961). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000; 15: 1086-1091.
    • (2000) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.15 , pp. 1086-1091
    • Cameron, J.S.1
  • 50
    • 21144484519 scopus 로고
    • Discovery of heparin: Contributions of William Henry Howell and Jay McLean
    • Marcum JA. Discovery of heparin: Contributions of William Henry Howell and Jay McLean. NIPS. 1992; 7: 237-242.
    • (1992) NIPS , vol.7 , pp. 237-242
    • Marcum, J.A.1
  • 51
    • 0037825245 scopus 로고
    • A method of vivi-dialysis
    • Necheles H. A method of vivi-dialysis. Chin J Physiol. 1927; 1: 69-80.
    • (1927) Chin J Physiol , vol.1 , pp. 69-80
    • Necheles, H.1
  • 52
    • 0031183349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of heparin in Toronto
    • Marcum JA. The development of heparin in Toronto. J Hist Med Allied Sci. 1997; 52: 310-337.
    • (1997) J Hist Med Allied Sci , vol.52 , pp. 310-337
    • Marcum, J.A.1
  • 53
    • 41949114741 scopus 로고
    • Vividiffusion with intestinal membranes
    • Love GR. Vividiffusion with intestinal membranes. Med Rec (NY). 1920; 98: 649-650.
    • (1920) Med Rec (NY) , vol.98 , pp. 649-650
    • Love, G.R.1
  • 54
    • 41949114109 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the manufacture of goldbeater's skin
    • Available from
    • Thompson JC. Notes on the manufacture of goldbeater's skin. The Book and Paper Group Annual. 1983; 2. Available from: http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/ bpg/annual/v02/bp02-15.html
    • (1983) The Book and Paper Group Annual , pp. 2
    • Thompson, J.C.1
  • 55
    • 0002484940 scopus 로고
    • Über dialysieren des strömenden Blutes am Lebenden
    • Necheles H. Über dialysieren des strömenden Blutes am Lebenden [On dialysis of circulating blood in vivo]. Klin Wschr. 1923; 2: 1257-1257.
    • (1923) Klin Wschr , vol.2 , pp. 1257-1257
    • Necheles, H.1
  • 56
    • 41949106389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patent No. 1266766. Available from
    • Brandenberger J. Composite cellulose film. Patent No. 1266766. Available from: http://www.invent.org/Hall_Of_Fame/253.html
    • Composite Cellulose Film
    • Brandenberger, J.1
  • 57
    • 41949094295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from
    • Available from: http://www.viskase.com/company_history.php
  • 58
    • 41949102962 scopus 로고
    • Use of Visking sausage casing for ultrafiltration
    • Andrus FC. Use of Visking sausage casing for ultrafiltration. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1929; 27: 127-128.
    • (1929) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.27 , pp. 127-128
    • Andrus, F.C.1
  • 59
    • 33645356319 scopus 로고
    • A simple inexpensive method for concentrating serum under sterile conditions
    • Thalhimer W. A simple inexpensive method for concentrating serum under sterile conditions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1938; 37: 639-641.
    • (1938) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.37 , pp. 639-641
    • Thalhimer, W.1
  • 60
    • 41949116629 scopus 로고
    • A method for concentrating serum in cellophane bags and simultaneously removing salts and other constituents
    • Thalhimer W. A method for concentrating serum in cellophane bags and simultaneously removing salts and other constituents. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1939; 41: 230-232.
    • (1939) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.41 , pp. 230-232
    • Thalhimer, W.1
  • 61
    • 84964097919 scopus 로고
    • Experimental exchange transfusion for reducing azotemia: Use of artificial kidney for this purpose
    • Thalhimer W. Experimental exchange transfusion for reducing azotemia: Use of artificial kidney for this purpose. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1938; 37: 641-643.
    • (1938) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.37 , pp. 641-643
    • Thalhimer, W.1
  • 63
    • 0009909925 scopus 로고
    • Protein katabolism in uremia. Effects of protein-free diet, infections, and blood-transfusions
    • Borst JGG, Dasia JTh, van der Wal W. Protein katabolism in uremia. Effects of protein-free diet, infections, and blood-transfusions. Lancet. 1948; i: 824-828.
    • (1948) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 824-828
    • Borst, J.G.G.1    Dasia, J.Th.2    van der Wal, W.3
  • 64
    • 84965248455 scopus 로고
    • Crush injuries with impairment of renal function
    • Bywaters EG, Beall D. Crush injuries with impairment of renal function. Br Med J. 1941; 1: 427-432.
    • (1941) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 427-432
    • Bywaters, E.G.1    Beall, D.2
  • 65
    • 0041359240 scopus 로고
    • Artificial kidney: Its clinical application in the treatment of traumatic anuria
    • Bywaters EGL, Joekes AM. Artificial kidney: Its clinical application in the treatment of traumatic anuria. Proc Roy Soc Med. 1948; 41: 420-426.
    • (1948) Proc Roy Soc Med , vol.41 , pp. 420-426
    • Bywaters, E.G.L.1    Joekes, A.M.2
  • 66
    • 41949135199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obituary. Eric Bywaters 1910-2003
    • Dixon A. Obituary. Eric Bywaters 1910-2003. Rheumatology. 2003; 42: 1025-1027.
    • (2003) Rheumatology , vol.42 , pp. 1025-1027
    • Dixon, A.1
  • 67
    • 0009908480 scopus 로고
    • Conservative treatment of anuric uræmia
    • Bull GM, Joekes AM, Lowe KG, Evans B. Conservative treatment of anuric uræmia. Lancet. 1949; ii: 229-234.
    • (1949) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 229-234
    • Bull, G.M.1    Joekes, A.M.2    Lowe, K.G.3    Evans, B.4
  • 68
    • 0012191130 scopus 로고
    • Acute renal insufficiency: A comparison of the use of an artificial kidney, peritoneal lavage and more conservative measures in its management
    • Muirhead EE, Vanatta J, Grollman A. Acute renal insufficiency: A comparison of the use of an artificial kidney, peritoneal lavage and more conservative measures in its management. Arch Intern Med. 1949; 83: 528-531.
    • (1949) Arch Intern Med , vol.83 , pp. 528-531
    • Muirhead, E.E.1    Vanatta, J.2    Grollman, A.3
  • 69
    • 57349127966 scopus 로고
    • Intermittent peritoneal lavage in nephrectomized dogs and its application to the human being
    • Grollman A, Turner LB, McLean JA. Intermittent peritoneal lavage in nephrectomized dogs and its application to the human being. Arch Intern Med. 1951; 87: 379-390.
    • (1951) Arch Intern Med , vol.87 , pp. 379-390
    • Grollman, A.1    Turner, L.B.2    McLean, J.A.3
  • 70
    • 33644893453 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics of bilaterally nephrectomized dog subjected to intermittent peritoneal lavage
    • Grollman A, Turner LB, Levitch M, Hill D. Hemodynamics of bilaterally nephrectomized dog subjected to intermittent peritoneal lavage. Am J Physiol. 1951; 165: 167-172.
    • (1951) Am J Physiol , vol.165 , pp. 167-172
    • Grollman, A.1    Turner, L.B.2    Levitch, M.3    Hill, D.4
  • 74
    • 33645329989 scopus 로고
    • Use of an artificial kidney. III. Current procedures in clinical hemodialysis
    • Murphy WP Jr, Swan RC Jr, Walter CW, Weller JM, Merrill JP. Use of an artificial kidney. III. Current procedures in clinical hemodialysis. J Lab Clin Med. 1952; 40: 436-444.
    • (1952) J Lab Clin Med , vol.40 , pp. 436-444
    • Murphy, W.P.1    Swan, R.C.2    Walter, C.W.3    Weller, J.M.4    Merrill, J.P.5
  • 75
    • 41949117216 scopus 로고
    • The use and function of the artificial kidney
    • Parsons FM, McCracken BH. The use and function of the artificial kidney. Br J Urol. 1958; 30: 463-474.
    • (1958) Br J Urol , vol.30 , pp. 463-474
    • Parsons, F.M.1    McCracken, B.H.2
  • 77
    • 0008103123 scopus 로고
    • An experimental method for obtaining an ultrafiltrate of the blood
    • Malinow MR, Korzon W. An experimental method for obtaining an ultrafiltrate of the blood. J Lab Clin Med. 1947; 32: 461-471.
    • (1947) J Lab Clin Med , vol.32 , pp. 461-471
    • Malinow, M.R.1    Korzon, W.2
  • 79
    • 0000069843 scopus 로고
    • On the artificial kidney. I. Apparatus for dialysis of blood in vivo
    • Alwall N. On the artificial kidney. I. Apparatus for dialysis of blood in vivo. Acta Med Scand. 1947; 128: 317-325.
    • (1947) Acta Med Scand , vol.128 , pp. 317-325
    • Alwall, N.1
  • 80
    • 84989997063 scopus 로고
    • On the artificial kidney. XIII. Constructional details of the dialyzer-ultrafiltrator intended for homo
    • Alwall N. On the artificial kidney. XIII. Constructional details of the dialyzer-ultrafiltrator intended for homo. Acta Med Scand. 1949; (Suppl 229): 30-32.
    • (1949) Acta Med Scand , Issue.SUPPL. 229 , pp. 30-32
    • Alwall, N.1
  • 81
    • 0022472626 scopus 로고
    • Historical perspective on the development of the artificial kidney
    • Alwall N. Historical perspective on the development of the artificial kidney. Artif Organs. 1986; 10: 86-99.
    • (1986) Artif Organs , vol.10 , pp. 86-99
    • Alwall, N.1
  • 82
    • 84957355348 scopus 로고
    • Development of an artificial kidney: Experimental and clinical experiences
    • Murrey G, Delorme E, Thomas N. Development of an artificial kidney: Experimental and clinical experiences. Arch Surg. 1947; 55: 505-522.
    • (1947) Arch Surg , vol.55 , pp. 505-522
    • Murrey, G.1    Delorme, E.2    Thomas, N.3
  • 84
    • 0008946986 scopus 로고
    • Die Apparative Blut-dialyse ("Künstliche Niere"). Überblick und eigene Erfahrungen
    • Moeller C, Köhling H. Die Apparative Blut-dialyse ("Künstliche Niere"). Überblick und eigene Erfahrungen [The apparatus for blood dialysis (artificial kidney); a survey and personal experience]. Klin Wochenschr. 1956; 34: 569-577.
    • (1956) Klin Wochenschr , vol.34 , pp. 569-577
    • Moeller, C.1    Köhling, H.2
  • 85
    • 41949098129 scopus 로고
    • Il rene artificiale. Descrizione di un nuovo apparecchio per emodialisi extracorporea
    • Dogliotti AM, Battezzatti M, Taddei C. Il rene artificiale. Descrizione di un nuovo apparecchio per emodialisi extracorporea [The artificial kidney; description of a new apparatus for extracorporeal hemodialysis.]. Minerva Nefrol. 1957; 4: 29-37.
    • (1957) Minerva Nefrol , vol.4 , pp. 29-37
    • Dogliotti, A.M.1    Battezzatti, M.2    Taddei, C.3
  • 86
    • 33645359338 scopus 로고
    • Technic with a parallel flow, straight tube blood dialyzer
    • MacNeill AE, Doyle JE, Anthone R, Anthone S. Technic with a parallel flow, straight tube blood dialyzer. NY State J Med. 1959; 59: 4137-4149.
    • (1959) NY State J Med , vol.59 , pp. 4137-4149
    • MacNeill, A.E.1    Doyle, J.E.2    Anthone, R.3    Anthone, S.4
  • 87
    • 41949119332 scopus 로고
    • Ultrafiltration with a parallel flow, straight tube blood dialyzer. Introduction and historical review
    • Doyle JE, Anthone S, Anthone R, MacNeill AE. Ultrafiltration with a parallel flow, straight tube blood dialyzer. Introduction and historical review. NY State J Med. 1962; 62: 185-202.
    • (1962) NY State J Med , vol.62 , pp. 185-202
    • Doyle, J.E.1    Anthone, S.2    Anthone, R.3    MacNeill, A.E.4
  • 88
    • 41949083443 scopus 로고
    • A new dialyzer for use as an artificial kidney
    • Rosenak SS, Saltzman A. A new dialyzer for use as an artificial kidney. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1951; 76: 471-475.
    • (1951) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.76 , pp. 471-475
    • Rosenak, S.S.1    Saltzman, A.2
  • 89
    • 41949117215 scopus 로고
    • A new parallel tube continuous hemodialyzer
    • Kupfer S, Rosenak SS. A new parallel tube continuous hemodialyzer. J Lab Clin Med. 1959; 54: 746-755.
    • (1959) J Lab Clin Med , vol.54 , pp. 746-755
    • Kupfer, S.1    Rosenak, S.S.2
  • 90
    • 41949124721 scopus 로고
    • Le rein artificial. Un novel appareil et une nouvelle technique
    • Bartrina L. Le rein artificial. Un novel appareil et une nouvelle technique [Artificial kidney; a new apparatus and a new technic.]. Presse Med. 1952; 60: 48-51.
    • (1952) Presse Med , vol.60 , pp. 48-51
    • Bartrina, L.1
  • 91
    • 41949126328 scopus 로고
    • El riñon artificial. Nuevo aparato y nueva técnica
    • Bartrina L. El riñon artificial. Nuevo aparato y nueva técnica [The artificial kidney; a new apparatus and new technic.]. Minerva Chir. 1958; 13: 1505-1519.
    • (1958) Minerva Chir , vol.13 , pp. 1505-1519
    • Bartrina, L.1
  • 92
    • 41949100937 scopus 로고
    • Eine einfache Kunstniere
    • Németh A, Pintér I, Gál Gy. Eine einfache Kunstniere [Simple artificial kidney]. Z Urol. 1956; 49: 535-545.
    • (1956) Z Urol , vol.49 , pp. 535-545
    • Németh, A.1    Pintér, I.2    Gál, Gy.3
  • 93
    • 41949112729 scopus 로고
    • Die künstliche electrodialytische Niere mit geschlossenem Kreislauf. Modell Francesco Sorrentino
    • Sorrentino F. Die künstliche electrodialytische Niere mit geschlossenem Kreislauf. Modell Francesco Sorrentino [The artificial electrodialytic kidney with extracorporeal circulation; Francesco Sorrentino's model]. Z Urol. 1958; 51: 505-509.
    • (1958) Z Urol , vol.51 , pp. 505-509
    • Sorrentino, F.1
  • 94
    • 0000739383 scopus 로고
    • Studies on an artificial kidney. Preliminary results with a new type of continuous dialyser
    • Skeggs LT Jr, Leonards JR. Studies on an artificial kidney. Preliminary results with a new type of continuous dialyser. Science. 1948; 108: 212-213.
    • (1948) Science , vol.108 , pp. 212-213
    • Skeggs Jr., L.T.1    Leonards, J.R.2
  • 95
    • 0000307349 scopus 로고
    • Artificial Kidney. II. Construction and operation of an improved continuous dialyzer
    • Skeggs LT Jr, Leonards JR, Heisler CR. Artificial Kidney. II. Construction and operation of an improved continuous dialyzer. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1949; 72: 539-543.
    • (1949) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.72 , pp. 539-543
    • Skeggs Jr., L.T.1    Leonards, J.R.2    Heisler, C.R.3
  • 96
    • 41949105447 scopus 로고
    • Artificial kidney: Preliminary report
    • Lowsley OS, Kirwin TJ. Artificial kidney: Preliminary report. J Urol. 1951; 65: 163-176.
    • (1951) J Urol , vol.65 , pp. 163-176
    • Lowsley, O.S.1    Kirwin, T.J.2
  • 97
    • 41949094926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laudatio: Dr. Belding H. Scribner
    • Twardowski ZJ. Laudatio: Dr. Belding H. Scribner. Hemodial Int. 2002; 6: 1-8.
    • (2002) Hemodial Int , vol.6 , pp. 1-8
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 98
    • 0025223725 scopus 로고
    • A personalized history of chronic hemodialysis
    • Scribner BH. A personalized history of chronic hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990; 16: 511-519.
    • (1990) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.16 , pp. 511-519
    • Scribner, B.H.1
  • 99
    • 33751514866 scopus 로고
    • Bedside determination of chloride: A method for plasma, urine, and other fluids and its application to fluid balance problems
    • Scribner BH. Bedside determination of chloride: A method for plasma, urine, and other fluids and its application to fluid balance problems. Proc Staff Meeting Mayo Clinic. 1950; 25: 209-218.
    • (1950) Proc Staff Meeting Mayo Clinic , vol.25 , pp. 209-218
    • Scribner, B.H.1
  • 100
    • 33751540616 scopus 로고
    • The bedside determination of bicarbonate in serum
    • Scribner BH. The bedside determination of bicarbonate in serum. Proc Staff Meeting Mayo Clinic. 1950; 25: 641-648.
    • (1950) Proc Staff Meeting Mayo Clinic , vol.25 , pp. 641-648
    • Scribner, B.H.1
  • 103
    • 34548269921 scopus 로고
    • Removal of bacteria from fluid path of Skeggs-Leonards-Heisler artificial kidney by continuous Millipore filtration
    • Maher FT, Weed LA. Removal of bacteria from fluid path of Skeggs-Leonards-Heisler artificial kidney by continuous Millipore filtration. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1963; 39: 441-452.
    • (1963) Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin , vol.39 , pp. 441-452
    • Maher, F.T.1    Weed, L.A.2
  • 104
    • 0001682993 scopus 로고
    • Development of parallel-flow artificial kidney
    • Kiil F. Development of parallel-flow artificial kidney. Acta Chir Scand. 1960; (Suppl 253): 142-150.
    • (1960) Acta Chir Scand , Issue.SUPPL. 253 , pp. 142-150
    • Kiil, F.1
  • 108
    • 33645374179 scopus 로고
    • Modifications in the assembly and sterilization of the Kiil dialyzer and Quinton-Scribner tank
    • Johnson WJ, Zabransky RJ, Mueller GJ, Wagoner RD, Maher FT. Modifications in the assembly and sterilization of the Kiil dialyzer and Quinton-Scribner tank. Mayo Clin Proc. 1965; 40: 462-472.
    • (1965) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.40 , pp. 462-472
    • Johnson, W.J.1    Zabransky, R.J.2    Mueller, G.J.3    Wagoner, R.D.4    Maher, F.T.5
  • 109
    • 0019985184 scopus 로고
    • Chronic hemodialysis in Seattle, 1960-1966, Part II
    • Scribner BH, Babb AL. Chronic hemodialysis in Seattle, 1960-1966, Part II. Dial Transplant. 1982; 11: 324-329.
    • (1982) Dial Transplant , vol.11 , pp. 324-329
    • Scribner, B.H.1    Babb, A.L.2
  • 110
    • 41949093087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laudatio: Albert Leslie Babb, PhD, PE
    • Twardowski ZJ. Laudatio: Albert Leslie Babb, PhD, PE. Hemodial Int. 2003; 7: 269-277.
    • (2003) Hemodial Int , vol.7 , pp. 269-277
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 111
    • 41949127492 scopus 로고
    • Permeability and hydrodynamic studies of the McNeill-Collins dialyzer using conventional and modified membrane support
    • Bluemle LW Jr, Dickson JG Jr, Mitchell J, Podolnik MS. Permeability and hydrodynamic studies of the McNeill-Collins dialyzer using conventional and modified membrane support. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1960; VI: 38-43.
    • (1960) Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs , vol.6 , pp. 38-43
    • Bluemle Jr., L.W.1    Dickson Jr., J.G.2    Mitchell, J.3    Podolnik, M.S.4
  • 112
    • 0015519221 scopus 로고
    • Meltec Multipoint haemodialyzer
    • Von Hartitzsch B, Hoenich NA. Meltec Multipoint haemodialyzer. Br Med J. 1972; 1: 237-239.
    • (1972) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 237-239
    • Von Hartitzsch, B.1    Hoenich, N.A.2
  • 113
    • 0012823398 scopus 로고
    • A new disposable artificial kidney. Experimental and clinical experience
    • Alwall N. A new disposable artificial kidney. Experimental and clinical experience. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1968; V: 18-20.
    • (1968) Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc , vol.5 , pp. 18-20
    • Alwall, N.1
  • 120
    • 0014461590 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and engineering evaluation of disposable envelope inserts for the Kiil dialyzer
    • NoséY, Mrava GL, Weber DC, et al. Clinical and engineering evaluation of disposable envelope inserts for the Kiil dialyzer. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1969; XV: 118-126.
    • (1969) Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs , vol.15 , pp. 118-126
    • Nosé, Y.1    Mrava, G.L.2    Weber, D.C.3
  • 123
    • 84970796117 scopus 로고
    • In vivo and in vitro assessment of the Rhone Poulenc disposable dialyzer (Type I B)
    • von Hartitzsch B, Hoenich NA, Kerr DNS. In vivo and in vitro assessment of the Rhone Poulenc disposable dialyzer (Type I B). Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1971; VIII: 401-404.
    • (1971) Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc , vol.8 , pp. 401-404
    • von Hartitzsch, B.1    Hoenich, N.A.2    Kerr, D.N.S.3
  • 124
    • 0015469221 scopus 로고
    • Une nouvelle méthode d'hémodialyse associant une membrane a haute perméabilite pour les moyennes molecules et un bain de dialyse en circuit fermé
    • Funck-Brentano JL, Sausse A, Man NK, et al. Une nouvelle méthode d'hémodialyse associant une membrane a haute perméabilite pour les moyennes molecules et un bain de dialyse en circuit fermé[A new method of hemodialysis combining a high permeability membrane for the medium molecules and a dialysis bath in a closed circuit]. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1972; IX: 55-66.
    • (1972) Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc , vol.9 , pp. 55-66
    • Funck-Brentano, J.L.1    Sausse, A.2    Man, N.K.3
  • 125
    • 41949108669 scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with polyacrylonitrile membrane dialyzers in Lublin, Poland
    • In: October, 1982. Hospal Med Corp; Atlantic City
    • Twardowski ZJ. Clinical experience with polyacrylonitrile membrane dialyzers in Lublin, Poland. In: Proceedings of the First American AN69 Membrane Scientific Exchange. October, 1982. Hospal Med Corp; Atlantic City, 1982; 19-22.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the First American AN69 Membrane Scientific Exchange , pp. 19-22
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 126
    • 37049238331 scopus 로고
    • An artificial kidney-A simplified apparatus
    • Guarino JR, Guarino LJ. An artificial kidney-A simplified apparatus. Science. 1952; 115: 285-288.
    • (1952) Science , vol.115 , pp. 285-288
    • Guarino, J.R.1    Guarino, L.J.2
  • 127
    • 34250556295 scopus 로고
    • Künstliche Niere mit Kapillarsystem für den Stoffaustausch
    • Kuhn W, Majer H, Heusser H, Zen Ruffinen B. Künstliche Niere mit Kapillarsystem für den Stoffaustausch [Artificial kidney with capillary system for substance exchange.]. Experientia. 1957; 13: 469-471.
    • (1957) Experientia , vol.13 , pp. 469-471
    • Kuhn, W.1    Majer, H.2    Heusser, H.3    Zen Ruffinen, B.4
  • 128
    • 41949117815 scopus 로고
    • Un model de rinichi artificial realizat în Clinica a III-a Medicalâa I.M. Timişoara
    • Zosin C, Mãnescu N, Avram J, Mîrza N, Ghelert, Lazãr I. Un model de rinichi artificial realizat în Clinica a III-a Medicalâa I.M. Timişoara [A model of the artificial kidney made in the Medical Clinic III-a of the Medical Institute of Timisoara]. Medicina Internã(Bucur). 1961; 13: 297-302.
    • (1961) Medicina Internã(Bucur) , vol.13 , pp. 297-302
    • Zosin, C.1    Mãnescu, N.2    Avram, J.3    Mîrza, N.G.4    Lazãr, I.5
  • 129
    • 72849179319 scopus 로고
    • Dialyzer chamber with capillary system for artificial kidney
    • Savino FM. Dialyzer chamber with capillary system for artificial kidney. J Urol. 1960; 83: 867-871.
    • (1960) J Urol , vol.83 , pp. 867-871
    • Savino, F.M.1
  • 130
    • 41949085217 scopus 로고
    • A portable artificial kidney
    • Longmore DB. A portable artificial kidney. Lancet. 1960; 2: 527-529.
    • (1960) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 527-529
    • Longmore, D.B.1
  • 131
    • 41949087807 scopus 로고
    • The improved artificial kidney
    • Longmore DB. The improved artificial kidney. Lancet. 1963; 1: 16-19.
    • (1963) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 16-19
    • Longmore, D.B.1
  • 133
    • 77049291665 scopus 로고
    • A blood dialyzer for use in vivo
    • (fasc. II)
    • von Garrelts B. A blood dialyzer for use in vivo. Acta Med Scand. 1956; CLV (fasc. II): 87-94.
    • (1956) Acta Med Scand , vol.140 , pp. 87-94
    • von Garrelts, B.1
  • 135
    • 0001271447 scopus 로고
    • Further development of a coil kidney
    • Kolff WJ, Watschinger B. Further development of a coil kidney. J Lab Clin Med. 1956; 47: 969-977.
    • (1956) J Lab Clin Med , vol.47 , pp. 969-977
    • Kolff, W.J.1    Watschinger, B.2
  • 136
    • 11244348505 scopus 로고
    • Results in patients treated with the coil kidney (disposable dialyzing unit)
    • Kolff WJ, Watschinger B, Vertes V. Results in patients treated with the coil kidney (disposable dialyzing unit). J Am Med Assoc. 1956; 161: 1433-1437.
    • (1956) J Am Med Assoc , vol.161 , pp. 1433-1437
    • Kolff, W.J.1    Watschinger, B.2    Vertes, V.3
  • 137
    • 0014006987 scopus 로고
    • Clinical study of uses of a small-volume twin-coil artificial kidney (Chron-a-coil) in acute renal failure
    • Flynn CT, Bowden CH. Clinical study of uses of a small-volume twin-coil artificial kidney (Chron-a-coil) in acute renal failure. Br Med J. 1966; 2: 1109-1111.
    • (1966) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 1109-1111
    • Flynn, C.T.1    Bowden, C.H.2
  • 138
    • 41949117814 scopus 로고
    • Neuer Hämodialystor (sog. Künstlische Niere)
    • Hillenbrand HJ, Hoeltzenbein J, Schmand W. Neuer Hämodialystor (sog. Künstlische Niere) [A new hemodialyzer (so-called artificial kidney).]. Urol Int. 1957; 5: 60-64.
    • (1957) Urol Int , vol.5 , pp. 60-64
    • Hillenbrand, H.J.1    Hoeltzenbein, J.2    Schmand, W.3
  • 139
    • 41949121940 scopus 로고
    • Zur Technik der extrakorporalen Hämodialyse
    • Hillenbrand HJ, Hoeltzenbein J, Schmand W. Zur Technik der extrakorporalen Hämodialyse [On technic of extracorporeal hemodialysis]. Der Chirurg. 1959; 30: 200-203.
    • (1959) Der Chirurg , vol.30 , pp. 200-203
    • Hillenbrand, H.J.1    Hoeltzenbein, J.2    Schmand, W.3
  • 141
  • 142
    • 41949114417 scopus 로고
    • Clinical Experiences with concentric coil kidney
    • Hoeltzenbein J. Clinical Experiences with concentric coil kidney. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1967; IV: 121-123.
    • (1967) Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc , vol.4 , pp. 121-123
    • Hoeltzenbein, J.1
  • 143
    • 0014375970 scopus 로고
    • A new no-prime, no-blood-loss, efficient and inexpensive hemodialysis system, potentially useful for home dialysis
    • Hoeltzenbein J. A new no-prime, no-blood-loss, efficient and inexpensive hemodialysis system, potentially useful for home dialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1968; 14: 89-91.
    • (1968) Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs , vol.14 , pp. 89-91
    • Hoeltzenbein, J.1
  • 146
    • 33645376602 scopus 로고
    • Wielokrotne użycie dializatora. Prosty i bezpieczny sposób zmniejszenia kosztów dializy
    • Twardowski Z, Lebek R, Nowak H, Gajdzik C. Wielokrotne użycie dializatora. Prosty i bezpieczny sposób zmniejszenia kosztów dializy [Repeated use of dialyzer. A simple and safe method for lowering the cost of dialysis]. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 1972; 48: 171-176.
    • (1972) Pol Arch Med Wewn , vol.48 , pp. 171-176
    • Twardowski, Z.1    Lebek, R.2    Nowak, H.3    Gajdzik, C.4
  • 149
    • 0015527862 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the EX-03 dialyzer cartridge
    • Burton JA, Lindsay RM, Kennedy AC. Evaluation of the EX-03 dialyzer cartridge. Br Med J. 1972; 1: 300-302.
    • (1972) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 300-302
    • Burton, J.A.1    Lindsay, R.M.2    Kennedy, A.C.3
  • 150
    • 0001087054 scopus 로고
    • On the advantages and possibility of constructing a "capillary" artificial kidney
    • Twardowski Z. On the advantages and possibility of constructing a "capillary" artificial kidney. Acta Med Pol. 1964; V: 303-329.
    • (1964) Acta Med Pol , vol.5 , pp. 303-329
    • Twardowski, Z.1
  • 151
    • 41949131146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sztuczna nerka kapilarna
    • Application P 103 449, filed January 11, 1964. Polish Patent Nr 49 137, Granted February 19, 1965
    • Twardowski Z. Sztuczna nerka kapilarna [Capillary artificial kidney]. Application P 103 449, filed January 11, 1964. Polish Patent Nr 49 137, Granted February 19, 1965.
    • Twardowski, Z.1
  • 155
    • 0016740148 scopus 로고
    • A comparative evaluation of three high efficiency disposable dialyzers
    • Hoenich NA, Kerr DN. A comparative evaluation of three high efficiency disposable dialyzers. Clin Nephrol. 1975; 3: 211-216.
    • (1975) Clin Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 211-216
    • Hoenich, N.A.1    Kerr, D.N.2
  • 156
    • 0016822755 scopus 로고
    • Hemodialysis leukopenia and polymorph random mobility-A possible correlation
    • Henderson LW, Miller ME, Hamilton RW, Norman ME. Hemodialysis leukopenia and polymorph random mobility-A possible correlation. J Lab Clin Med. 1975; 85: 191-197.
    • (1975) J Lab Clin Med , vol.85 , pp. 191-197
    • Henderson, L.W.1    Miller, M.E.2    Hamilton, R.W.3    Norman, M.E.4
  • 157
    • 0018100402 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ultrafiltration on solute clearances in cuprophan and cellulose hollow fiber dialyzers: In vitro and clinical studies
    • Nolph KD, Twardowski ZJ, Hopkins CA, Rubin J, van Stone JC. Effects of ultrafiltration on solute clearances in cuprophan and cellulose hollow fiber dialyzers: In vitro and clinical studies. J Lab Clin Med. 1978; 91: 998-1010.
    • (1978) J Lab Clin Med , vol.91 , pp. 998-1010
    • Nolph, K.D.1    Twardowski, Z.J.2    Hopkins, C.A.3    Rubin, J.4    van Stone, J.C.5
  • 158
    • 0019641088 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hollow fiber dialyzers
    • Sigdell JE. Comparison of hollow fiber dialyzers. Artif Organs. 1981; 5: 401-409.
    • (1981) Artif Organs , vol.5 , pp. 401-409
    • Sigdell, J.E.1
  • 159
    • 0020805697 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hollow fiber dialyzers
    • Sigdell JE. Comparison of hollow fiber dialyzers. Artif Organs. 1983; 7: 374-375.
    • (1983) Artif Organs , vol.7 , pp. 374-375
    • Sigdell, J.E.1
  • 160
    • 0021917180 scopus 로고
    • New hollow-fiber dialyzers
    • Sigdell JE. New hollow-fiber dialyzers. Artif Organs. 1985; 9: 69-70.
    • (1985) Artif Organs , vol.9 , pp. 69-70
    • Sigdell, J.E.1
  • 161
    • 0022896433 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary technical and clinical evaluation of a new hollow fiber dialyzer with a 5 microns thick cuprophan membrane
    • Ronco C, Brendolan A, Bragantini L, et al. Preliminary technical and clinical evaluation of a new hollow fiber dialyzer with a 5 microns thick cuprophan membrane. Clin Nephrol. 1986; 26 (Suppl 1): S17-S21.
    • (1986) Clin Nephrol , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Ronco, C.1    Brendolan, A.2    Bragantini, L.3
  • 162
    • 0021947464 scopus 로고
    • The development of a polysulfone membrane. A new perspective in dialysis?
    • Streicher E, Schneider H. The development of a polysulfone membrane. A new perspective in dialysis? Contrib Nephrol. 1985; 46: 1-13.
    • (1985) Contrib Nephrol , vol.46 , pp. 1-13
    • Streicher, E.1    Schneider, H.2
  • 163
    • 33646675811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialyzer Reuse. Part II. Advantages and disadvantages
    • Twardowski ZJ. Dialyzer Reuse. Part II. Advantages and disadvantages. Semin Dial. 2006; 19: 217-226.
    • (2006) Semin Dial , vol.19 , pp. 217-226
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 165
    • 0038386903 scopus 로고
    • Dialysis system incorporating the use of activated charcoal
    • Twiss EE, Paulsen MMP. Dialysis system incorporating the use of activated charcoal. Proc Eur Dial Transpl Assoc. 1966; 3: 262-264.
    • (1966) Proc Eur Dial Transpl Assoc , vol.3 , pp. 262-264
    • Twiss, E.E.1    Paulsen, M.M.P.2
  • 166
    • 0031789798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regenerative dialysis (REDY) sorbent system
    • Roberts M. The regenerative dialysis (REDY) sorbent system. Nephrology. 1998; 4: 275-278.
    • (1998) Nephrology , vol.4 , pp. 275-278
    • Roberts, M.1
  • 167
    • 12444302352 scopus 로고
    • Zirconium phosphate: A potentially useful absorbent in the treatment of chronic uremia
    • Gordon A, Popovtzer M, Greenbaum M, et al. Zirconium phosphate: A potentially useful absorbent in the treatment of chronic uremia. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1968; 5: 86-94.
    • (1968) Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc , vol.5 , pp. 86-94
    • Gordon, A.1    Popovtzer, M.2    Greenbaum, M.3
  • 168
    • 0038643029 scopus 로고
    • A sorbent-based low volume dialysate system: Preliminary studies in human subjects
    • Gordon A, Gral T, DePalma JR, et al. A sorbent-based low volume dialysate system: Preliminary studies in human subjects. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1970; 7: 63-68.
    • (1970) Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc , vol.7 , pp. 63-68
    • Gordon, A.1    Gral, T.2    DePalma, J.R.3
  • 171
    • 33751526916 scopus 로고
    • Prophylacttic daily hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal failure
    • Teschan PE, O'Brien TF, Baxter CR. Prophylacttic daily hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal failure. Clin Res. 1959; 7: 156.
    • (1959) Clin Res , vol.7 , pp. 156
    • Teschan, P.E.1    O'Brien, T.F.2    Baxter, C.R.3
  • 172
    • 70449546046 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal failure
    • Republished in J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998; 9: 2384-97
    • Teschan PE, Baxter CR, O'Brien TF, Freyhof JN, Hall WH. Prophylactic hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal failure. Ann Int Med. 1960; 53: 992-1016. Republished in J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998; 9: 2384-97.
    • (1960) Ann Int Med , vol.53 , pp. 992-1016
    • Teschan, P.E.1    Baxter, C.R.2    O'Brien, T.F.3    Freyhof, J.N.4    Hall, W.H.5
  • 173
    • 41949132867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laudatio: Professor Paul E. Teschan
    • Twardowski ZJ. Laudatio: Professor Paul E. Teschan. Home Hemodial Int. 1999; 3: 1-4.
    • (1999) Home Hemodial Int , vol.3 , pp. 1-4
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 176
    • 41949132555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laudatio: Professor Vittorio Bonomini
    • Twardowski ZJ. Laudatio: Professor Vittorio Bonomini. Home Hemodial Int. 1998; 2: 1-2.
    • (1998) Home Hemodial Int , vol.2 , pp. 1-2
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 177
    • 0016320124 scopus 로고
    • The adequacy of haemodialysis in treatment of chronic renal failure
    • Twardowski Z. The adequacy of haemodialysis in treatment of chronic renal failure. Acta Med Pol. 1974; 15: 227-243.
    • (1974) Acta Med Pol , vol.15 , pp. 227-243
    • Twardowski, Z.1
  • 178
    • 0016164628 scopus 로고
    • Significance of certain measurable parameters in the evaluation of haemodialysis adequacy
    • Twardowski Z. Significance of certain measurable parameters in the evaluation of haemodialysis adequacy. Acta Med Pol. 1974; 14: 245-254.
    • (1974) Acta Med Pol , vol.14 , pp. 245-254
    • Twardowski, Z.1
  • 179
    • 0016637079 scopus 로고
    • Effect of long-term increase in the frequency and/or prolongation of dialysis duration on certain clinical manifestations and results of laboratory investigations in patients with chronic renal failure
    • (Republished in the section: HISTORICAL MILESTONES IN DAILY DIALYSIS. Hemodial Int. 2004; 8: 30-38)
    • Twardowski Z. Effect of long-term increase in the frequency and/or prolongation of dialysis duration on certain clinical manifestations and results of laboratory investigations in patients with chronic renal failure. Acta Med Pol. 1975; 16: 31-44 (Republished in the section: HISTORICAL MILESTONES IN DAILY DIALYSIS. Hemodial Int. 2004; 8: 30-38).
    • (1975) Acta Med Pol , vol.16 , pp. 31-44
    • Twardowski, Z.1
  • 180
    • 0029972859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily home hemodialysis: A hybrid of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
    • Twardowski ZJ. Daily home hemodialysis: A hybrid of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Adv Ren Replace Ther. 1996; 3: 124-132.
    • (1996) Adv Ren Replace Ther , vol.3 , pp. 124-132
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 181
    • 0004315008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial kidney for frequent (daily) hemodialysis
    • Patent Nr. 5,336,165, filed August 21, 1991, issued August 9, 1994; Patent Nr. 5,484,397, filed November 22, 1993, issued January 16, 1996; and Patent Nr 5,902,476, filed March 28, 1997, issued May 11
    • Twardowski ZJ. Artificial kidney for frequent (daily) hemodialysis. Patent Nr. 5,336,165, filed August 21, 1991, issued August 9, 1994; Patent Nr. 5,484,397, filed November 22, 1993, issued January 16, 1996; and Patent Nr 5,902,476, filed March 28, 1997, issued May 11, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 182
    • 0004317748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method of preparing a batch of dialysis solution
    • Patent Nr. 6,146,536, issued November 14, 2000; filed April 12
    • Twardowski ZJ. A method of preparing a batch of dialysis solution. Patent Nr. 6,146,536, issued November 14, 2000; filed April 12, 1999.
    • (1999)
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 183
    • 0004307433 scopus 로고
    • Method of flushing and filling of an extracorporeal blood circulation system of a dialysis machine
    • Patent Nr. 6,132,616, issued October 17, 2000; filed November 7
    • Twardowski ZJ, Kenley RS. Method of flushing and filling of an extracorporeal blood circulation system of a dialysis machine. Patent Nr. 6,132,616, issued October 17, 2000; filed November 7, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1    Kenley, R.S.2
  • 184
    • 0037234560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PHD ® -The technological solution for daily hemodialysis?
    • Twardowski ZJ. PHD ® -The technological solution for daily hemodialysis? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003; 18: 19-23.
    • (2003) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.18 , pp. 19-23
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 186
    • 41949117514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from Baxter Announces Collaboration for Development of Next-Generation Home Hemodialysis Machine [August 6, 2007]
    • Available from: http://www.baxter.com/about_baxter/news_room/ news_releases/. Baxter Announces Collaboration for Development of Next-Generation Home Hemodialysis Machine [August 6, 2007].
  • 187
  • 188
    • 2342422393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Allient dialysis system
    • Ash SR. The Allient dialysis system. Semin Dial. 2004; 17: 164-166.
    • (2004) Semin Dial , vol.17 , pp. 164-166
    • Ash, S.R.1
  • 191
    • 0018262553 scopus 로고
    • From the NIH. Today's dialysis patient can have mobility using portable, lightweight artificial kidney
    • Anonymous
    • Anonymous. From the NIH. Today's dialysis patient can have mobility using portable, lightweight artificial kidney. JAMA. 1978; 240: 26-27.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 26-27
  • 192
    • 0022235782 scopus 로고
    • A portable hemodialysis system with sorbent regeneration of dialysate: Preliminary results
    • Mourad G, Issautier R, Mion C. A portable hemodialysis system with sorbent regeneration of dialysate: Preliminary results. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1985; XXXI: 568-571.
    • (1985) Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs , vol.31 , pp. 568-571
    • Mourad, G.1    Issautier, R.2    Mion, C.3
  • 195
    • 0020606265 scopus 로고
    • A portable hemodialysis/hemofiltration system independent of dialysate and infusion fluid
    • Shettigar UR, Kablitz C, Stephen R, Kolff WJ. A portable hemodialysis/ hemofiltration system independent of dialysate and infusion fluid. Artif Organs. 1983; 7: 254-256.
    • (1983) Artif Organs , vol.7 , pp. 254-256
    • Shettigar, U.R.1    Kablitz, C.2    Stephen, R.3    Kolff, W.J.4
  • 196
    • 36849085855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A wearable haemodialysis device for patients with end-stage renal failure: A pilot study
    • Davenport A, Gura V, Ronco C, Beizai M, Ezon C, Rambod E. A wearable haemodialysis device for patients with end-stage renal failure: A pilot study. Lancet. 2007; 370: 2005-2010.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 2005-2010
    • Davenport, A.1    Gura, V.2    Ronco, C.3    Beizai, M.4    Ezon, C.5    Rambod, E.6
  • 197
    • 41949124719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home hemodialysis patient advocate George Harper doesn't let retirement slow him down one bit
    • Available from Lore G. March/April
    • Home hemodialysis patient advocate George Harper doesn't let retirement slow him down one bit. Contemporary Dialysis & Nephrology: For Patients Only (FPO). Available from: http://home.utah.edu/~cla6202/ GeoH.htm; Lore G. 1997; March/April.
    • (1997) Contemporary Dialysis and Nephrology: For Patients Only (FPO)
  • 198
    • 0034151365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RV dialysis: A dream realized and a dream threatened. Part I
    • 24,26
    • Harper G. RV dialysis: A dream realized and a dream threatened. Part I. Nephrol News Issues. 2000; 14: 18-22, 24,26.
    • (2000) Nephrol News Issues , vol.14 , pp. 18-22
    • Harper, G.1
  • 199
    • 16744361816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RV dialysis: A dream realized and a dream threatened. Part II
    • 54
    • Harper G. RV dialysis: A dream realized and a dream threatened. Part II. Nephrol News Issues. 2000; 14: 54, 57-58.
    • (2000) Nephrol News Issues , vol.14 , pp. 57-58
    • Harper, G.1
  • 200
    • 12744261880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fallacies of high-speed hemodialysis
    • Twardowski ZJ. Fallacies of high-speed hemodialysis. Hemodial Int. 2003; 7: 109-117.
    • (2003) Hemodial Int , vol.7 , pp. 109-117
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1
  • 201
    • 33845796114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment time and ultrafiltration rate are more important in dialysis prescription than small molecule clearance
    • Twardowski ZJ. Treatment time and ultrafiltration rate are more important in dialysis prescription than small molecule clearance. Blood Purif. 2007; 25: 90-98.
    • (2007) Blood Purif , vol.25 , pp. 90-98
    • Twardowski, Z.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.