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3
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6544238024
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Dissertation inaugurate sur l'extirpation des reins, melée de quelques recherches physiologiques sur ces organes et les fluides qu'ils secrètent
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Thèse Paris
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Comhaire JN. Dissertation inaugurate sur l'extirpation des reins, melée de quelques recherches physiologiques sur ces organes et les fluides qu'ils secrètent. Thèse no 85, 1803, Paris.
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Comhaire, J.N.1
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4
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33751532630
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"S'il n'existait pas les animaux, la nature de l'homme serait encore plus incompréhensible"
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In the title page of his thesis, Comhaire quotes Buffon who supported experimentation
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In the title page of his thesis, Comhaire quotes Buffon who supported experimentation: "S'il n'existait pas les animaux, la nature de l'homme serait encore plus incompréhensible" (If animals did not exist, man's nature would be even more incomprehensible).
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5
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0023949857
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Early history of Uremia
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Richet G. Early history of Uremia. Kidney Int 1988; 33: 1013-5
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Richet, G.1
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"The contribution of French Speaking Scientists to the origins of Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology (1790-1910)
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and "The contribution of French Speaking Scientists to the origins of Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology (1790-1910). Am J Nephrol 1993; 19: 274-9.
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Am J Nephrol
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7
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L'urèe urinaire vient-elle du sang ou est-elle élaborée par le rein?
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Richet G. L'urèe urinaire vient-elle du sang ou est-elle élaborée par le rein? Hist Sciences Médicales 1990; 24: 127-32.
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Hist Sciences Médicales
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Richet, G.1
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33751515109
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Histoire de la Thèse en Médecine
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Thèse Paris
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Delage A. Histoire de la Thèse en Médecine. Thèse 1913; Paris.
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(1913)
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Delage, A.1
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9
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33751506967
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Les origines framçaises de la Fac. de Médecine de Liège
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Florkin M. Les origines framçaises de la Fac. de Médecine de Liège. Rev Med Liège 1953; 7: 336-54.
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Rev Med Liège
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Florkin, M.1
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10
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0003483886
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Introduction à L'étude de la Médecine Expérimentale
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Paris: Delagrave éd. "Reasoning will be always right when it rests on exact notions and precise facts; it will only lead to errors every time it applies to notions and facts initially tainted by errors or inexactitudes"
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Bernard C. Introduction à l'étude de la médecine expérimentale. Paris: Delagrave éd. 1900; 7. "Reasoning will be always right when it rests on exact notions and precise facts; it will only lead to errors every time it applies to notions and facts initially tainted by errors or inexactitudes".
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(1900)
, pp. 7
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Bernard, C.1
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11
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33751552141
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Recherches de physiologie et de chimie pathologiques
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Paris Section 3: Des altérations de la sécrétion de l'urine 233-292 de l'urée, des vomissements et de l'albuminurie de l'hydropisie 391
-
Nysten PH. Recherches de physiologie et de chimie pathologiques. Paris 1811. Premier essai de physiopathologie. Section 3: Des altérations de la sécrétion de l'urine (pp 233-292), de l'urée, des vomissements (pp 279-280) et de l'albuminurie de l'hydropisie (pp 391).
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(1811)
Premier Essai De Physiopathologie
, pp. 279-280
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Nysten, P.H.1
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12
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33751512919
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Un disciple de Bichat
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Pierre H. Nysten
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Florkin M. Un disciple de Bichat: Pierre H. Nysten: Revue médicale de Liège 1951; 6: 300-10.
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(1951)
Revue Médicale De Liège
, vol.6
, pp. 300-310
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Florkin, M.1
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13
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0011868760
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Traité des Maladies des Reins
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Paris T He quotes the negative results of Comhaire and the positive ones of Tiedemann, Gmelin and Marchand. Actually, Bright, Christison and Rayer were the three founding fathers of Clinical Nephrology, each from an angle different from that of the others. The commanding clinical logic of Rayer is discussed in Richet G, from Bright's disease to modern nephrology
-
Rayer P. Traité des Maladies des Reins. Paris 1839; T I, p. 52. He quotes the negative results of Comhaire and the positive ones of Tiedemann, Gmelin and Marchand. Actually, Bright, Christison and Rayer were the three founding fathers of Clinical Nephrology, each from an angle different from that of the others. The commanding clinical logic of Rayer is discussed in Richet G, from Bright's disease to modern nephrology
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(1839)
, vol.T1
, pp. 52
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Rayer, P.1
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14
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0025774464
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Pierre Rayer's innovative method of clinical investigation
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Pierre Rayer's innovative method of clinical investiga- tion. Kidney Int 1991; 39: 787-92.
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(1991)
Kidney Int
, vol.39
, pp. 787-792
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15
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33751531131
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Bilateral nephrectomies are briefly quoted, without Comhaire's name
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In Richerand A (Ed). 8ème édition, Tome I
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Bilateral nephrectomies are briefly quoted, without Comhaire's name. In Richerand A (Ed). Nouveaux Eléments de Physiologie, 8ème édition, 1820, Tome I, p. 282.
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(1820)
Nouveaux Eléments De Physiologie
, pp. 282
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16
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33751510652
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"Intuition or sentiment generates the experimental idea"
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ibid. Chapt II
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Bernard C. ibid. Part I, Chapt II, §2, p. 57: "Intuition or sentiment generates the experimental idea".
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, vol.2
, Issue.PART 1
, pp. 57
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Bernard, C.1
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17
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0003945869
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The structure of scientific revolutions
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Translated in French. Paris: Flammarion Edit
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Kuhn TS. The structure of scientific revolutions. Translated in French. Paris: Flammarion Edit 1983.
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(1983)
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Kuhn, T.S.1
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18
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33751544761
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La découverte de Furémie expérimentale par J.L. Prevost et J.B. Dumas, Genève, 1821
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Mani M. La découverte de Furémie expérimentale par J.L. Prevost et J.B. Dumas, Genève, 1821. Genève: Médecine et Hygiène 1963; 21: 1013-5.
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(1963)
Genève: Médecine Et Hygiène
, vol.21
, pp. 1013-1015
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Mani, M.1
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19
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0003193457
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Examen du sang et de son action dans les divers phénormènes de la vie
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Paris
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Prevost JL, Dumas JB. Examen du sang et de son action dans les divers phénormènes de la vie. Ann. Chimie Physique. Paris 1823; 80-104.
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(1823)
Ann. Chimie Physique
, pp. 80-104
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Prevost, J.L.1
Dumas, J.B.2
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20
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0021905932
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The experiments had been performed in a fortification of the Geneva guards, on the Promenade Bel-Air, because vivisection was prohibited within the city
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The text had been first read in Geneva on November 15, 1821 at the Ste de Physique et Hist. Nat. de Genève on 15/11/1821. See Roche J. Les Sciences Biologiques et l'œuvre médicale de Jean Baptiste Dumas
-
The text had been first read in Geneva on November 15, 1821 at the Ste de Physique et Hist. Nat. de Genève on 15/11/1821. The experiments had been performed in a fortification of the Geneva guards, on the Promenade Bel-Air, because vivisection was prohibited within the city. See Roche J. Les Sciences Biologiques et l'œuvre médicale de Jean Baptiste Dumas. Bull Acad Nat Méd 1985; 169: 50-3.
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(1985)
Bull Acad Nat Méd
, vol.169
, pp. 50-53
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21
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33751531132
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Urea crystallisation by nitric acid was achieved in 1797
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in London, by William Cruikshank
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Urea crystallisation by nitric acid was achieved in 1797, in London, by William Cruikshank.
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22
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33751549884
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"Probabilité Chimique" Expresses respect for scientific doubt and refusal to preempt the future i.e. truth until proven otherwise
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"Probabilité chimique" expresses respect for scientific doubt and refusal to preempt the future i.e. truth until proven otherwise.
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23
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« Quaedam de renum muneribis comlectens » (1820-Edinburgh)
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The originality of Prevost and Dumas'work shines when compared with the thesis of J.C. Coindet from Geneva: Coindet demonstrates that the bilateral ligation of renal vessels, arteries as well as veins, suppress all renal functions and thus concludes to the essential role of the renal blood supply. Urea retention is not investigated and the responsibility of urinary suppression as a cause of death is doubted because of the inocuity of urea injections and the assumed power of vicarious disposal ways
-
The originality of Prevost and Dumas'work shines when compared with the thesis of J.C. Coindet from Geneva: « Quaedam de renum muneribis comlectens » (1820-Edinburgh). Coindet demonstrates that the bilateral ligation of renal vessels, arteries as well as veins, suppress all renal functions and thus concludes to the essential role of the renal blood supply. Urea retention is not investigated and the responsibility of urinary suppression as a cause of death is doubted because of the inocuity of urea injections and the assumed power of vicarious disposal ways.
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24
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33751517403
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Genève: Edition Pellet Tome This article was initially published in the "Supplements"
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D'Alembert JLR. Article Expérimental, Grande Encyclopédie. Genève: Edition Pellet 1778, Tome XIII; pp. 625-33. This article was initially published in the "Supplements".
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(1778)
Article Expérimental, Grande Encyclopédie
, vol.13
, pp. 625-633
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D'Alembert, J.L.R.1
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25
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La découverte de l'urémie expérimentale par J.L. Prevost et J.B. Dumas, Genève, 1821
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see in ref. 16
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Mani see in ref. 16.
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(1963)
Genève: Médecine Et Hygiène
, vol.21
, pp. 1013-1015
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Mani, M.1
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27
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33751536339
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De l'existence de l'urée dans les parties de l'organisme animal autres que l'urine
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Translated from German, Marchand's native language. "L'expérience", directed by Littré, lasted only 3 years. It published papers in french, either originals or translated
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Marchand RF. De l'existence de l'urée dans les parties de l'organisme animal autres que l'urine. L'expérience; 1838, 2, 43-47. Translated from German, Marchand's native language. "L'expérience", directed by Littré, lasted only 3 years. It published papers in french, either originals or translated.
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(1838)
L'expérience
, vol.2
, pp. 43-47
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Marchand, R.F.1
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28
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0033655651
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La médecine dans le Rapport Historique sur les Progrès des Sciences Naturelles de Georges Cuvier, 1810
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Intellectual life in Geneva was illustrated in those days by the vegetal physiologist N.T. de Saussure (1767-1848), the chemist G. de la Rive (1770-1834) and the botanist A.P. de Candolle (1778-1841) who advised Dumas "You should direct all your efforts towards chemistry: physiology without chemistry is impossible". We should also remember J.F. Coindet (1774-1834) who pioneered the prevention and treatment of goiters with iodine.J.B. Dumas' first work was the discovery of iodine in the ashes of sponges utilized in China for goiter therapy as well as the methodology needed to prepare iodine salts to be distributed together with NaC1 in the Swiss valleys. Numerous clinical and experimental investigations were carried out in Geneva. See
-
Intellectual life in Geneva was illustrated in those days by the vegetal physiologist N.T. de Saussure (1767-1848), the chemist G. de la Rive (1770-1834) and the botanist A.P. de Candolle (1778-1841) who advised Dumas "You should direct all your efforts towards chemistry: physiology without chemistry is impossible". We should also remember J.F. Coindet (1774-1834) who pioneered the prevention and treatment of goiters with iodine.J.B. Dumas' first work was the discovery of iodine in the ashes of sponges utilized in China for goiter therapy as well as the methodology needed to prepare iodine salts to be distributed together with NaC1 in the Swiss valleys. Numerous clinical and experimental investigations were carried out in Geneva. See G. Richer. La médecine dans le Rapport Historique sur les Progrès des Sciences Naturelles de Georges Cuvier, 1810. Histoire des Sciences Médicales 2000; 34: 71-95.
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(2000)
Histoire Des Sciences Médicales
, vol.34
, pp. 71-95
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Richer, G.1
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29
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On the Seine's banks, von Humboldt was known as the most Parisian of German scientists
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On the Seine's banks, von Humboldt was known as the most Parisian of German scientists.
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30
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0039100523
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The story is recounted in Harvard University Press
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The story is recounted in M. Crosland. The Society of Arcueil. Harvard University Press 1967; 442-3.
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(1967)
The Society of Arcueil
, pp. 442-443
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Crosland, M.1
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31
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6544259241
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Sur de nouvelles expériences relatives aux propriétés médicamenteuses de l'urée
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Ségalas d'Etchepare PS, Vauquelin NL. Sur de nouvelles expériences relatives aux propriétés médicamenteuses de l'urée. J Physio Exp (Magendie) 1822; 2: 354-63.
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(1822)
J Physio Exp (Magendie)
, vol.2
, pp. 354-363
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Ségalas d'Etchepare, P.S.1
Vauquelin, N.L.2
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32
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33751515387
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Sur les voies d'élimination de l'urée après extirpation des reins
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Bernard C, Barreswil Ch. Sur les voies d'élimination de l'urée après extirpation des reins. Arch Gén Méd 1847; 13: 449-65.
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Arch Gén Méd
, vol.13
, pp. 449-465
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Bernard, C.1
Barreswil, Ch.2
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34
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De la présence de l'urèe dans le sang et de sa diffusion dans l'organisme à l'état physiologique et à l'état pathologique
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Thèse Strasbourg, Picard successfully adapted Liebig's method to measure physiological blood concentrations of urea. Renal venous level reached only 50 % of the renal arterial level. He was the first to dissociate clearly albuminuria, a sign of renal involvement, from elevated blood urea levels, predictors of the terminal uraemic coma and distinguished the latter from vascular cerebral accidents. Had the literature retained his thesis, the development of clinical nephrology would have been very different
-
Picard J. De la présence de l'urèe dans le sang et de sa diffusion dans l'organisme à l'état physiologique et à l'état pathologique. Thèse Strasbourg, 1856. Picard successfully adapted Liebig's method to measure physiological blood concentrations of urea. Renal venous level reached only 50 % of the renal arterial level. He was the first to dissociate clearly albuminuria, a sign of renal involvement, from elevated blood urea levels, predictors of the terminal uraemic coma and distinguished the latter from vascular cerebral accidents. Had the literature retained his thesis, the development of clinical nephrology would have been very different.
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(1856)
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Picard, J.1
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35
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6544246439
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Über Picard's Bestimmunggsmethod des Harnstoff's im Blute
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Recklinghausen F. v. Über Picard's Bestimmunggsmethod des Harnstoff's im Blute. Virchow's Archiv 1858; 14: 476-8.
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Virchow's Archiv
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, pp. 476-478
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Recklinghausen, F.V.1
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36
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33751532952
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Etudes chimiques sur le sang humain
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Thèse médecine Paris. He failed to obtain urea nitrate crystals from 1000 g of normal human blood
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Le Canu, L.R. Etudes chimiques sur le sang humain, Thèse médecine Paris 1837. He failed to obtain urea nitrate crystals from 1000 g of normal human blood.
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(1837)
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Le Canu, L.R.1
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37
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33751507677
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first an ophtalmologist, became later an internist. He founded the first German chair of experimental pathology. He discovered the presence of leucine and tyrosine in the urine and described the acute yellow liver atrophy
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Frerichs, first an ophtalmologist, became later an internist. He founded the first German chair of experimental pathology. He discovered the presence of leucine and tyrosine in the urine and described the acute yellow liver atrophy.
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Frerichs1
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38
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0003642980
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Die Brights'che Nierenkrankheit und deren Behandlung
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This mainly clinical work reached a large audience. In the section (pp. 87-114) devoted to "Üraemisch Intoxication", the author emphasizes the role of humoral disorders at the expense of anatomical distortions. He further reports (pp. 278-281) the inocuity of urea in 6 binephrectomized dogs. On his thesis' title page he quotes Marshall Hall (1790-1857): "To become a good and enlightened practioner, we must become an able physiologist"
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Frerichs F.T. Die Brights'che Nierenkrankheit und deren Behandlung. Einc Monographie, 1851, 296 pp. This mainly clinical work reached a large audience. In the section (pp. 87-114) devoted to "Üraemisch Intoxication", the author emphasizes the role of humoral disorders at the expense of anatomical distortions. He further reports (pp. 278-281) the inocuity of urea in 6 binephrectomized dogs. On his thesis' title page he quotes Marshall Hall (1790-1857): "To become a good and enlightened practioner, we must become an able physiologist".
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(1851)
Einc Monographie
, pp. 296
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Frerichs, F.T.1
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40
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33751518986
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Berger Levrault Ed. Nancy. Although a little lengthy, this book is very clear: each phase of the experimentation ends with a critical conclusion which never deviates from the facts. Thanks to its logic it is still worth reading
-
Feltz V, Ritter E. De l'uriémie expérimentale. 1881, 1 Vol pp. 347 pages Berger Levrault Ed. Nancy. Although a little lengthy, this book is very clear: each phase of the experimentation ends with a critical conclusion which never deviates from the facts. Thanks to its logic it is still worth reading.
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(1881)
De L'uriémie Expérimentale
, vol.1
, pp. 347
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Feltz, V.1
Ritter, E.2
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41
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33751542938
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Über das Verhalten des Kreatins, Kreatinins und Harnstoffs im Thierkorper
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Voit C. Über das Verhalten des Kreatins, Kreatinins und Harnstoffs im Thierkorper. Ztschr F Biol 1868; 4: 77-162.
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Ztschr F Biol
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, pp. 77-162
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Voit, C.1
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84944811856
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A Further contribution regarding the influence of different constituents of the blood on the contraction of the heart
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Ringer S. A Further contribution regarding the influence of different constituents of the blood on the contraction of the heart. J Physiol 1883; 4: 29-42.
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(1883)
J Physiol
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, pp. 29-42
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Potassium poisoning in nephritis
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Smillie WG. Potassium poisoning in nephritis Arch Int Med 1915; 6: 330-9.
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Arch Int Med
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, pp. 330-339
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Smillie, W.G.1
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44
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33751538504
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Nouveau traité de pathologie générale
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II, Paris Toxicity of normal urine (pp 245-254) during uraemia The quoted sentence is on p. 247
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Bouchard C, Roger H. Nouveau traité de pathologie générale. II, Paris 1914. Toxicity of normal urine (pp 245-254) during uraemia (pp 283-286). The quoted sentence is on p. 247.
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, vol.2
, pp. 283-286
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Bouchard, C.1
Roger, H.2
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45
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Let us remember that this work preceeds by 6 years princeps observation
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Let us remember that this work preceeds by 6 years R. Bright's princeps observation.
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Bright, R.1
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46
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4243847416
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Le prélèement à l'aiguille de H. Strauss. Début de la biochimie du sang
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Blood chemistry became part of the clinical assessment thanks to technical progresses reducing the size of blood samples required for the determination of various compounds as well as to the introduction in 1898 of needle sampling. See
-
Blood chemistry became part of the clinical assessment thanks to technical progresses reducing the size of blood samples required for the determination of various compounds as well as to the introduction in 1898 of needle sampling. See G. Richet Le prélèement à l'aiguille de H. Strauss. Début de la biochimie du sang. Presse Médicale 1992; 21: 1053-4.
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Presse Médicale
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, pp. 1053-1054
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Richet, G.1
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47
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33751506553
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The symptoms and cure of diseases by reference to morbid anatomy
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Reports of medical cases. Vol. London: Longmam and al
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Bright R. Reports of medical cases. The symptoms and cure of diseases by reference to morbid anatomy. 2 Vol. London: Longmam and al. 1927.
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The role of the kidney in erythropolesis
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Naets J.P. The role of the kidney in erythropolesis. J Clin Invest 1960; 1: 102-110.
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J Clin Invest
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Effect of bilateral nephrectomy on transfusion requirements of patients under-going chronic dialysis
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van Ypersele de Strihou C, Stragier A. Effect of bilateral nephrectomy on transfusion requirements of patients under-going chronic dialysis. Lancet 1969; ii: 705-7.
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Lancet
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Relationship between change in volemia at constant osmolality and plasma antidiuretic hormone
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Caillens H, Pruszezynski W, Meyrier A, Kim Seng A, Rousselet F, Ardaillou R. Relationship between change in volemia at constant osmolality and plasma antidiuretic hormone. Miner Electr Met 1980; 4: 161-71.
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Meyrier, A.3
Kim Seng, A.4
Rousselet, F.5
Ardaillou, R.6
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