Middle Cambrian arthropods from Utah

Journal of Paleontology

Volumn 82, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 238-254

  Briggs, Derek E G ^a   Lieberman, Bruce S ^b   Hendricks, Jonathan R ^b   Halgedahl, Susan L ^c   Jarrard, Richard D ^c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPOD; BIVALVE; CAMBRIAN; FOSSIL; NEW SPECIES; PALEONTOLOGY; SHALE;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; UTAH;

ARTHROPODA; CANADASPIS; ISOXYS; MOLLISONIA;

EID: 41449119041     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1666/06-086.1     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. ALLISON, P. A. AND C. E. BRETT. 1995. In situ benthos and paleo-oxygenation in the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada. Geology, 23:1079-1082.
2. ALLISON, P. A. AND D. E. G. BRIGGS. 1993. Exceptional fossil record: Distribution of soft-tissue preservation through the Phanerozoic. Geology, 21:527-530.
3. BABCOCK, L. E. AND R. A. ROBISON. 1988. Taxonomy and paleobiology of some Middle Cambrian Scenella (Cnidaria) and hyolithids (Mollusca) from western North America. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, 121:1-22.
4. BABCOCK, L. E., W. T. ZHANG, AND S. A. LESLIE. 2001. The Chengjiang Biota: Record of the Early Cambrian diversification of life and clues to exceptional preservation. GSA Today, 11:4-8.
5. BOXSHALL, G. 1998. Comparative limb morphology in major crustacean groups: The coxa-basis joint in postmandibular limbs, p. 155-168. In R. A. Fortey and R. H. Thomas (eds.), Arthropod Relationships. Chapman and Hall, London.
6. BOXSHALL, G. A. 2004. The evolution of arthropod limbs. Biological Reviews, 79:253-300.
7. BRIGGS, D. E. G. 1976. The arthropod Branchiocaris n. gen., Middle Cambrian, Burgess shale, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 264:1-29.
8. BRIGGS, D. E. G. 1978. The morphology, mode of life, and affinities of Canadaspis perfecta (Crustacea: Phyllocarida), Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 281:439-487.
9. BRIGGS, D. E. G. 1979. Anomalocaris, the largest known Cambrian arthropod. Palaeontology, 22:631-664.
10. BRIGGS, D. E. G. 1983. Affinities and early evolution of the Crustacea: The evidence of the Cambrian fossils, p. 1-22. In F. R. Schram (ed.), Crustacean Issues, Volume 1, Crustacean Phylogeny. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
11. BRIGGS, D. E. G. 1992. Phylogenetic significance of the Burgess Shale crustacean Canadaspis. Acta Zoologica, 73:293-300.
12. BRIGGS, D. E. G. 1994. Giant predators from the Cambrian of China. Science, 264:1283-1284.
13. BRIGGS, D. E. G. AND D. COLLINS. 1988. A Middle Cambrian chelicerate from Mount Stephen, British Columbia. Palaeontology, 31:779-798.
14. BRIGGS, D. E. G. AND D. COLLINS. 1999. The arthropod Alalcomenaeus cambricus Simonetta, from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Palaeontology, 42:953-977.
15. BRIGGS, D. E. G. AND R. A. FORTEY. 1989. The early radiation and relationships of the major arthropod groups. Science, 246:241-243.
16. BRIGGS, D. E. G. AND J. D. MOUNT. 1982. The occurrence of the giant arthropod Anomalocaris in the Lower Cambrian of southern California, and the overall distribution of the genus. Journal of Paleontology, 56:1112-1118.
17. BRIGGS, D. E. G. AND R. A. ROBISON. 1984. Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and Anomalocaris from the Middle Cambrian of Utah. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, 111:1-24.
18. BRIGGS, D. E. G., D. H. ERWIN, AND F. J. COLLIER. 1994. The Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 238 p.
19. BRIGGS, D. E. G., B. S. LIEBERMAN, S. L. HALGEDAHL, AND R. D. JARRARD. 2005. A new metazoan from the Middle Cambrian of Utah and the nature of the Vetulicolia. Palaeontology, 48:681-686.
20. BROOKS, H. K. AND K. E. CASTER. 1956. Pseudoarctolepis sharpi, n. gen., n. sp. (Phyllocarida), from the Wheeler Shale (Middle Cambrian) of Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 30:9-14.
21. BRUTON, D. L. 1981. The arthropod Sidneyia inexpectans, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 295:619-656.
22. BRUTON, D. L. AND H. B. WHITTINGTON. 1983. Emeraldella and Leanchoilia, two arthropods from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 300:553-585.
23. BUDD, G. E. 1993. A Cambrian gilled lobopod from Greenland. Nature, 364:709-711.
24. BUDD, G. E. 1996. The morphology of Opabinia regalis and the reconstruction of the arthropod stem-group. Lethaia, 29:1-14.
25. BUDD, G. E. 1998a. Stem group arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland, p. 125-138. In R. A. Fortey and R. H. Thomas (eds.), Arthropod Relationships. Chapman and Hall, London.
26. BUDD, G. E. 1998b. Arthropod body-plan evolution in the Cambrian with an example from anomalocaridid muscle. Lethaia, 31:197-210.
27. BUDD, G. E. 2001. Tardigrades as 'stem-group arthropods': The evidence from the Cambrian fauna. Zoologisches Anzeiger, 240:265-279.
28. BUDD, G. E. 2002. A paleontological solution to the arthropod head problem. Nature, 417:271-275.
29. BUDD, G. E. AND S. JENSEN. 2000. A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla. Biological Reviews, 75:253-295.
30. BUTTERFIELD, N. J. 2002. Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three-dimensional structures in Burgess Shale-type fossils. Paleobiology, 28:155-171.
31. BUTTERFIELD, N. J. 2003. Exceptional fossil preservation and the Cambrian Explosion. Journal of Integrative and Comparative Biology, 43:166-177.
32. BUTTERFIELD, N. J. AND C. J. NICHOLAS. 1996. Burgess Shale-type preservation of both non-mineralizing and 'shelly' Cambrian organisms from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 70:893-899.
33. CARON, J.-B. 2004. Taphonomy and community analysis of the Middle Cambrian Greater Phyllopod Bed, Burgess Shale. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, 295 pp.
34. CHEN, J.-Y. 2004. The Dawn of the Animal World. Publishing House of Jiangsu Science and Technology, Nanjing. 367 pp.
35. CHEN, J.-Y., L. RAMSKÖLD, AND G.-Q. ZHOU. 1994. Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of Cambrian giant predators. Science, 264:1304-1308.
36. CHEN, J.-Y., G.-Q. ZHOU, M.-Y. ZHU, AND K.-Y. YEH. 1996. The Chengjiang Biota: A Unique Window of the Cambrian Explosion. National Museum of Taiwan, 222 p.
37. COLLINS, D. 1996. The "evolution" of Anomalocaris and its classification in the arthropod Class Dinocarida (nov.) and Order Radiodonta (nov.). Journal of Paleontology, 70:280-293.
38. CONWAY MORRIS, S. 1985. Cambrian lagerstätten: Their distribution and significance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 307:507-582.
39. CONWAY MORRIS, S. 1989. The persistence of Burgess Shale-type faunas: Implications for the evolution of deep-water faunas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 80:271-283.
40. CONWAY MORRIS, S. 1993. The fossil record and the early evolution of the Metazoa. Nature, 361:219-225.
41. CONWAY MORRIS, S. 2000. The Cambrian "explosion": Slow-fuse or megatonnage? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97:4426-4429.
42. CONWAY MORRIS, S., H. B. WHITTINGTON, D. E. G. BRIGGS, C. P. HUGHES, AND D. L. BRUTON. 1982. Atlas of the Burgess Shale. Palaeontological Association. 31 pp., 24 plates.
43. CONWAY MORRIS, S. AND R. A. ROBISON. 1982. The enigmatic medusoid Peytoia and a comparison of some Cambrian biotas. Journal of Paleontology, 56:116-122.
44. CONWAY MORRIS, S. AND R. A. ROBISON. 1986. Middle Cambrian priapulids and other soft-bodied fossils from Utah and Spain. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, 117:1-22.
45. CONWAY MORRIS, S. AND R. A. ROBISON. 1988. More soft-bodied animals and algae from the Middle Cambrian of Utah and British Columbia. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, 122:1-48.
46. COTTON, T. J. AND S. J. BRADDY. 2004. The phylogeny of arachnomorph arthropods and the origin of the Chelicerata. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 94:169-193.
47. DEWEL, R. A. AND W. C. DEWEL. 1998. The place of tardigrades in arthropod evolution, p. 109-123. In R. A. Fortey and R. H. Thomas (eds.), Arthropod Relationships. Chapman and Hall, London.
48. DZIK, J. AND K. LENDZION. 1988. The oldest arthropods of the East European platform. Lethaia, 21:29-38.
49. EDGECOMBE, G. D. 1998. Introduction: The role of extinct taxa in arthropod phylogeny, p. 1-7. In G. D. Edgecombe (ed.), Arthropod Fossils and Phylogeny. Columbia University Press, New York.
50. EDGECOMBE, G. D. AND L. RAMSKÖLD. 1999. Relationships of Cambrian Arachnata and the systematic position of Trilobita. Journal of Paleontology, 73:263-287.
51. ELRICK, M. AND A. C. SNIDER. 2002. Deep-water stratigraphic cyclicity and carbonate mud mound development in the Middle Cambrian Marjum Formation, House Range, USA. Sedimentology, 49:1021-1047.
52. FORTEY, R. A., D. E. G. BRIGGS, AND M. A. WILLS. 1996. The Cambrian evolutionary 'explosion': decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 57:13-33.
53. GAINES, R. R. AND M. L. DROSER. 2003. Paleoecology of the familiar trilobite Elrathia kingii: an early exaerobic zone inhabitant. Geology, 31:941-944.
54. GAINES, R. R. AND M. L. DROSER. 2005a. New approaches to understanding the mechanics of Burgess Shale-type deposits: From the micron scale to the global picture. The Sedimentary Record, 3:4-8.
55. GAINES, R. R. AND M. L. DROSER. 2005b. The paleoenvironmental context of Burgess Shale-type biotas in the three Utah Lagerstätten (USA). Acta Micropaleontologica Sinica, 22:40-47.
56. GAINES, R. R., M. J. KENNEDY, AND M. L. DROSER. 2005. A new hypothesis for organic preservation of Burgess Shale taxa in the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation, House Range, Utah. Palaeoclimatology, Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, 220:193-205.
57. GLAESSNER, M. F. 1979. Lower Cambrian Crustacea and annelid worms from Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Alcheringa, 3:21-31.
58. GOULD, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life. W. W. Norton, New York, 347 p.
59. GOULD, S. J. 1991. The disparity of the Burgess Shale arthropod fauna and the limits of cladistic analysis: Why we must strive to quantify morphospace. Paleobiology, 17:411-423.
60. GUNTHER, L. F. AND V. G. GUNTHER. 1981. Some Middle Cambrian fossils of Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 28:1-81.
61. HAGADORN, J. W. 2002. Burgess Shale-type localities: the global picture, p. 91-116. In D. J. Bottjer, W. Etter, J. W. Hagadorn, and C. M. Tang (eds.), Exceptional Fossil Preservation. Columbia University Press, New York.
62. HINTZE, L. F. AND R. A. ROBISON. 1975. Middle Cambrian stratigraphy of the House, Wah Wah, and adjacent ranges in western Utah. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 86:881-891.
63. HOU, X.-G. 1987. Early Cambrian large bivalved arthropods from Chengjiang, eastern Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 26:286-298.
64. HOU, X.-G. AND J. BERGSTRÖM. 1991. The arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, with relationships and evolutionary significance, p. 179-187 in A. Simonetta and S. Conway Morris (eds.), The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
65. HOU, X.-G. AND J. BERGSTRÖM. 1997. Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China. Fossils and Strata, 45:1-116.
66. HOU, X.-G., R. J. ALDRIDGE, J. BERGSTRÖM, D. J. SIVETER, D. J. SIVETER, AND X.-H. FENG. 2004. The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K., 233 p.
67. HOU, X.-G., J. BERGSTRÖM, AND P. AHLBERG. 1995. Anomalocaris and other large animals in the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of southwest China. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, 117:163-183.
68. HOU, X.-G., J. BERGSTRÖM, AND J. YANG. 2006. Distinguishing anomalocaridids from arthropods and priapulids. Geological Journal, 41:259-269.
69. HOU, X.-G., L. RAMSKÖLD, AND J. BERGSTRÖM. 1991. Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang Lower Cambrian soft-bodied biota. Zoologica Scripta, 20:395-411.
70. HU, S. 2005. Taphonomy and paleoecology of the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota from Eastern Yunnan, China. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 7, 189 p.
71. JELL, P. A. AND J. M. ADRAIN. 2003. Available generic names for trilobites. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 331-553.
72. LI, Y.-W. 1975. On the Cambrian Ostracoda with new materials from Sichuan, Yunnan and southern Shaanxi, China. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 2:37-72.
73. LIDDELL, W. D., S. H. WRIGHT, AND C. E. BRETT. 1997. Sequence stratigraphy and paleoecology of the Middle Cambrian Spence Shale in northern Utah and southern Idaho. BYU Geology Studies, 42:59-78.
74. LIEBERMAN, B. S. 2003. A new soft-bodied fauna: The Pioche Formation of Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 77:676-692.
75. LUO, H.-L., Z.-W. JIANG, X.-C. WU, X.-L. SONG, AND L. OUYANG. 1982. The Sinian-Cambrian boundary in eastern Yunnan, China. People's Publishing House of Yunnan, China, 265 p.
76. MCHENRY, B. AND A. YATES. 1993. First report of the enigmatic metazoan Anomalocaris from the southern hemisphere and a trilobite with preserved appendages from the Early Cambrian of Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum, 26:77-86.
77. nd series, 14:56-64.
78. MOORE, R. C. 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. O, Arthropoda 1. University of Kansas Press and the Geological Society of America, Lawrence, KS and Boulder, CO, 560 p.
79. NEDIN, C. 1995. The Emu Bay Shale, a Lower Cambrian fossil lagerstätte, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 18:31-40.
80. NOVOZHILOV, N. I. 1960. Podklass Pseudocrustacea, p. 199. In Y. A. Orlov (ed.), Osnovy Paleontologii, Arthropoda, Trilobitomorpha, and Crustacea. Nedra, Moscow.
81. ORR, P. J., D. E. G. BRIGGS, AND S. L. KEARNS. 1998. Cambrian Burgess Shale animals replicated in clay minerals. Science, 281:1173-1175.
82. RAYMOND, P. E. 1935. Leanchoilia and other Mid-Cambrian Arthropoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 76:205-230.
83. REES, M. N. 1986. A fault-controlled trough through a carbonate platform: The Middle Cambrian House Range embayment. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 97:1054-1069.
84. RESSER, C. E. 1929. New Lower and Middle Cambrian Crustacea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 76:1-18.
85. RESSER, C. E. 1939. The Spence Shale and its fauna. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 97:1-29.
86. RESSER, C. E. AND B. F. HOWELL. 1938. Lower Cambrian Olenellus zone of the Appalachians. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 49:195-248.
87. ROBISON, R. A. 1985. Affinities of Aysheaia (Onychophora), with descriptions of a new Cambrian species. Journal of Paleontology, 59:226-235.
88. ROBISON, R. A. 1991. Middle Cambrian biotic diversity: Examples from four Utah lagerstätten, p. 77-98. In A. Simonetta and S. Conway Morris (eds.), The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
89. ROBISON, R. A. AND B. C. RICHARDS. 1981. Large bivalve arthropods from the Middle Cambrian of Utah. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, 106:1-28.
90. ROBISON, R. A. AND E. O. WILEY. 1995. A new arthropod, Meristosoma: More fallout from the Cambrian explosion. Journal of Paleontology, 69:447-459.
91. ROGERS, J. C. 1984. Depositional environments and paleoecology of two quarry sites in the Middle Cambrian Marjum and Wheeler formations, House Range, Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 31:97-115.
92. SHU, D., X. ZHANG, AND G. GEYER. 1995. Anatomy and systematic affinities of the Lower Cambrian bivalved arthropod Isoxys auritus. Alcheringa, 19:333-342.
93. SIMONETTA, A. M. 1970. Studies on non-trilobite arthropods from the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian). Palaeontographica Italica, 66:35-45.
94. SIMONETTA, A. M. AND L. DELLE CAVE 1975. The Cambrian non trilobite arthropods from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia. A study of their comparative morphology, taxonomy and evolutionary significance. Palaeontographica Italica, 69:1-37.
95. STØRMER, L. 1942. Studies on trilobite morphology, Pt. II, The larval development, the segmentation, and the sutures, and their bearing on trilobite classification. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 21:49-164.
96. STØRMER, L. 1944. On the relationship and phylogeny of fossil and recent Arachnomorpha. A comparative study on Arachnida, Xiphosura, Eurypterida, Trilobita, and other fossil Arthropoda. Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, Skrifter no. 5, 158 p.
97. SUMRALL, C. D. AND J. SPRINKLE. 1999. Ponticulocarpus, a new cornuted-grade stylophoran from the Middle Cambrian Spence Shale of Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 73:886-891.
98. VANNIER, J. AND J.-Y. CHEN. 2000. The Early Cambrian colonization of pelagic niches exemplified by Isoxys (Arthropoda). Lethaia, 33:295-311.
99. th Annual Report: 509-763.
100. WALCOTT, C. D. 1908. Cambrian geology and paleontology I. Nomenclature of some Cambrian Cordilleran formations. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 53:1-12.
101. WALCOTT, C. D. 1911a. Middle Cambrian Merostomata. Cambrian geology and paleontology II. Nomenclature of some Cambrian Cordilleran formations. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 57:17-40.
102. WALCOTT, C. D. 1911b. Middle Cambrian Holothurians and Medusae. Cambrian geology and paleontology II. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 57:41-68.
103. WALCOTT, C. D. 1912. Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita, and Merostomata. Cambrian geology and paleontology II. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 57:145-228.
104. WALCOTT, C. D. 1924. Cambrian and Lower Ozarkian trilobites. Cambrian geology and paleontology V. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 75:53-60.
105. WALCOTT, C. D. 1931. Addenda to descriptions of Burgess Shale fossils. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 85:1-46.
106. WALOSSEK, D. AND K. J. MÜLLER. 1998. Early arthropod phylogeny in light of the Cambrian "Orsten" fossils, p. 185-231. In G. D. Edgecombe (ed.), Arthropod Fossils and Phylogeny. Columbia University Press, New York.
107. WHITEAVES, J. F. 1892. Description of a new genus and species of phyllocarid Crustacea from the Middle Cambrian of Mount Stephen, B. C. Canadian Record of Science, 5:205-208.
108. WHITTINGTON, H. B. 1975. The enigmatic animal Opabinia regalis, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 271:1-43.
109. WHITTINGTON, H. B. 1981. Rare arthropods from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 292:329-357.
110. WHITTINGTON, H. B. 1985. The Burgess Shale. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 151 p.
111. WHITTINGTON, H. B. AND J. E. ALMOND. 1987. Appendages and habits of the Upper Ordovician trilobite Triarthrus eatoni. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 317:1-46.
112. WHITTINGTON, H. B. AND D. E. G. BRIGGS. 1985. The largest Cambrian animal, Anomalocaris, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, 309:569-609.
113. WILLIAMS, M., D. J. SIVETER, AND J. PEEL. 1996. Isoxys (Arthropoda) from the early Cambrian Sirius Passet lagerstätte, north Greenland. Journal of Paleontology, 70:947-954.
114. WILLS, M. A., D. E. G. BRIGGS, R. A. FORTEY, M. WILKINSON, AND P. H. A. SNEATH. 1998. An arthropod phylogeny based on fossil and recent taxa, p. 33-105. In G. D. Edgecombe (ed.), Arthropod Fossils and Phylogeny. Columbia University Press, New York.
115. YUAN, J.-L. AND Y.-Z. HUANG. 1994. Preliminary report on non-trilobite arthropods from Lower-Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation of Southwest Guizhou, South China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 33(3):329-334. (In Chinese with English Summary.)
116. ZHANG, X.-L., H. JIAN, AND D. SHU. 2002. New occurrence of the Burgess Shale arthropod Sidneyia in the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte (South China), and revision of the arthropod Urokodia. Alcheringa, 26:1-8.
117. ZHANG, X.-L., Y. ZHAO, R. YANG, AND D. SHU. 2002. The Burgess Shale arthropod Mollisonia (M. sinica new species): New occurrence from the Middle Cambrian Kaili fauna of southwest China. Journal of Paleontology, 76:1106-1108.
118. ZHAO, Y.-L., J.-L. YUAN, M.-Y. ZHU, L. E. BABCOCK, J. PENG, Y. WANG, S.-L. YANG, Q.-J. GUO, R.-D. YANG, AND T.-S. TAI, 2005. Balang section, Guizhou, China: Stratotype section for the Taijiangian Stage and candidate for GSSP of an unnamed Cambrian Series, p. 62-83. In S.-C. Peng, L. E. Babcock, and M.-Y. Zhu (eds.), Cambrian System of China and Korea, Guide to Field Excursions, IV International Symposium on the Cambrian System and X Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. University of Science and Technology of China Press.
119. ZHAO, Y.-L., J.-L. YUAN, M.-Y. ZHU, R.-G. YANG, Q.-J. GUO, Y. QIAN, Y.-Z. HUANG, AND Y. PAN. 1999. A progress report on the early Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Guizhou, P.R.C. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 38 (supplement):1-15. (In Chinese with English Summary.)