The morphology of Opabinia regalis and the reconstruction of the arthropod stem-group

Lethaia

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-14

  Budd, Graham E ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

ANOMALOCARIS; Arthropoda; Burgess shale; KERYGMACHELA; Lobopodia; OPABINIA; Problematica

Indexed keywords

ANOMALOCARIS; ARTHROPODA; KERYGMACHELA; TARDIGRADA;

ANOMALOCARIS; ARTHROPOD; KERYGMACHELA; LOBOPOD; OPABINIA; PROBLEMATICA; SYSTEMATICS;

EID: 0030453665     PISSN: 00241164     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01831.x     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Averof, M. & Akam, M. 1993: HOM/Hox genes of Artemia: implications for the origin of insect and crustacean body plans. Current Biology 3, 73-78.
2. Ax, P. 1987: The Phylogenetic System. 354 pp. John Wiley, Chichester.
3. Ballard, J.W.O., Olsen, G.J., Faith, D.P., Odgers, W.A., Rowell, D.M. & Atkinson, P.W. 1992: Evidence from 12S rRNA Sequences that Onychophorans are Modified Arthropods. Science 258, 1345-1348.
4. Bergström, J. 1976: Early arthropod morphology and relationships. 25th International Geological Congress Abstracts, 289.
5. Bergström, J. 1986: Opabinia and Anomalocaris, unique Cambrian 'arthropods'. Lethaia 19, 241-246.
6. Bergström, J. 1987: The Cambrian Opabinia and Anomalocaris. Lethaia 20, 187-188.
7. Bergström, J. 1991: Metazoan evolution around the Precambrian-Cambrian transition. In Simonetta, A.M. & Conway Morris, S. (eds.): The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa, 25-34, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
8. Boudreaux, H.B. 1979: Arthropod Phylogeny with Special Reference to Insects. 320 pp. Wiley, New York, N.Y.
9. Briggs, D.E.G. 1994: Giant predators from the Cambrian of China. Science 264, 1283-1284.
10. Briggs, D.E.G. & Fortey, R.A. 1989: The early radiation and relationships of the major arthropod groups. Science 246, 241-243.
11. Briggs, D.E.G., Fortey, R.A. & Wills, M.A. 1992: Morphological disparity in the Cambrian. Science 256, 1670-1673.
12. Briggs, D.E.G. & Whittington, H.B. 1987: The affinities of the Cambrian animals Anomalocaris and Opabinia. Lethaia 20, 185-186.
13. Brusca, R.C. & Brusca, G.J. 1990: Invertebrates. 922 pp. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
14. Budd, G. 1993: A Cambrian gilled lobopod from Greenland. Nature 364, 709-711.
15. Chen, J.Y., Ramsköld, L. & Zhou, G.Q. 1994: Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of Cambrian giant predators. Science 264, 1304-1308.
16. Chen, J.Y., Zhou, G.Q. & Ramsköld, L. 1995a: A new Early Cambrian onychophoran-like animal, Paucipodia gen. nov., from the Chengjiang fauna, China. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 85, 275-282.
17. Chen, J.Y., Edgecombe, G.D., Ramsköld, L. & Zhou, G.Q. 1995b: Head segmentation in Early Cambrian Fuxianhuia: implications for arthropod evolution. Science 268, 1339-1343.
18. Collins, D.H. 1996: The 'evolution' of Anomalocarisand its classification in the arthropod class Dinocarida (nov.) and order Radiodonta (nov.). Journal of Paleontology 70, 280-293.
19. Conway Morris, S. 1994: Early metazoan evolution: first steps to an integration of molecular and morphological data. In Bengtson, S. (ed.): Early Life on Earth. Nobel Symposium No. 84, 450-459, Columbia University Press, New York, N.Y.
20. Conway Morris, S. & Peel, J.S. 1995: Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland and their role in early protostome evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B347, 305-358.
21. Dewel, R.A., Nelson, D.R. & Dewel, W.C. 1993: Tardigrada. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates 12, 143-183.
22. Dewel, R.A. & Dewel, W.C. 1996: The brain of Echiniscus viridissimus Peterfi 1956 (Heterotardigrada): a key to understanding the phylogenetic position of tardigrades and the evolution of the arthropod head. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (of London) 116, 35-49.
23. Dzik, J. 1993: Early metazoan evolution and the meaning of its fossil record. In Hecht, M.K, Macintyre, R.J. & Clegg, M.T. (eds.): Evolutionary Biology 27, 339-386.
24. Eernisse, D.J., Albert, J.S. & Anderson, F.E. 1992: Annelida and Arthropoda are not sister taxa: a phylogenetic analysis of spiralian metazoan morphology. Systematic Biology 41, 305-330.
25. Emerson, M.J. & Schram, F.R. 1990: The origin of Crustacean biramous appendages and the evolution of the Arthropoda. Science 250, 667-669.
26. Field, K.G., Olsen, G.J., Lane, D.J., Giovannoni, S.J., Ghiselin, M.T., Raff, E.G., Page, N.R. & Raff, R.A. 1988: Molecular phylogeny of the animal kingdom. Science 239, 748-753.
27. Friedrich, M. & Tautz, D. 1995: Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of the major extant arthropod classes and the evolution of myriapods. Nature 376, 165-167.
28. Gould, S.J. 1989: Wonderful Life. The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. 347 pp. Norton, New York, N.Y.
29. Greven, H. 1984: Tardigrada. In Bereiter-Hahn, J., Matlotsky, A.G. & Richards, K.S. (eds.): Biology of the Integument 1, 715-727. Springer, Berlin.
30. Hessler, R.R. & Newman, W.A. 1975: A trilobitomorph origin for the Crustacea. Fossils and Strata 4, 437-459.
31. Hou, X.G. & Bergström, J. 1995: Cambrian lobopodians - ancestors of extant onychophorans? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 114, 3-19.
32. Hou, X.G., Bergström, J. & Ahlberg, P. 1995. Anomalocaris and other large animals in the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of southwest China. GFF117, 163-183.
33. Hou, X.G. & Chen, J.Y. 1989: Early Cambrian arthropod-annelid intermediate sea animal, Luolishania gen. nov. from Chengjiang, Yunnan. Acta Palaentologica Sinica 28, 207-213.
34. Hutchinson, G.E. 1930: Restudy of some Burgess Shale fossils. Proceedings of the United States National Musem 78, 1-24.
35. Jeram, A.J., Selden, P.A. & Edwards, D. 1990: Land animals in the Silurian: arachnids and myriapods from Shropshire, England. Science 250, 658-661.
36. Kemp, T.S. 1982: Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals. 363 pp. Academic Press, London.
37. Kinchin, I.M. 1994: The Biology of Tardigrades. 186 pp. Portland Press, London.
38. Kristensen, R.M. 1984: On the biology of Wingstrandarctus corallinus nov. gen. et spec., with notes on the symbiontic bacteria in the subfamily Florarctinae (Arthrotardigrada). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening København 145, 201-218.
39. Kukalova-Peck, J. 1992: The 'Uniramia' do not exist: the ground plan of the Pterygota as revealed by the Permian Diaphanopterodea from Russia (Insecta: Paleodictyopteroidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, 236-255.
40. Lake, J.A. 1990: Origin of the Metazoa. Proceedings of the National Academy of the USA 87, 763-766.
41. Manton, S.M. 1977: The Arthropoda: Habits, Functional Morphology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
42. Patterson, C. 1978: Arthropods and ancestors. Antenna 2, 99-103.
43. Ramsköld, L. 1992: Homologies in Cambrian Onychophora. Lethaia 25, 443-460.
44. Ramsköld, L. & Hou, X.G. 1991: New Early Cambrian animal and onychophoran affinities of enigmatic metazoans. Nature 351, 225-228.
45. Raymond, P.E. 1935: Leanchoilia and other mid-Cambrian Arthropoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 76, 205-230.
46. Robison, R.A. 1985: Affinities of Aysheaia (Onychophora) with descriptions of a new Cambrian species. Journal of Paleontology 59, 226-235.
47. Robison, R.A. 1990: Earliest known uniramous arthropod. Nature 343, 163-164.
48. Saether, O.A. 1979: Underlying synapomorphies and anagenetic analy-sis. Zoologica Scnpta 8, 305-312.
49. Sharov, A.G. 1966: Basic Arthropodan Stock with Special Reference to Insects. 271 pp. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
50. Simonetta, A.M. 1970: Studies on the non-Trilobite Arthropods of the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian). Palaeortologica Italica 66 (N.S. 39), 35-45.
51. Simonetta, A.M. & Delle Cave, L. 1991: Early Palaeozoic arthropods and problems of arthropod phytogeny: with some notes on taxa of doubtful affinity. In Simonetta, A.M. & Conway Morris, S. (eds.): The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa, 189-244. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
52. Snodgrass, R.E. 1938: Evolution of the Annelida, Onychophora and Arthropoda. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 97, 1-159.
53. Størmer, L. 1944: On the relationships and phylogeny of fossil and recent Arachnomorpha. A comparative study on Arachnida, Xiphosura, Eurypterida, Trilobita and other fossil Arthropoda. Norsk Videnskaps-Akademi Skrifter I., Matematisk-Naturvidenskaplig Klasse 5, 1-158.
54. Tiegs, O.W. & Manton, S.M. 1958: The evolution of the Arthropoda. Biological Reviews 33, 255-337.
55. Valentine, J.W. 1994: Late Precambrian bilaterians: grades and clades. Proceedings of the National Academy of the USA 91, 6751-6757.
56. Walcott, C.D. 1912: Middle Cambrian Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Trilobita and Merostomata. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, II. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 57, 145-228.
57. Whittington, H.B. 1971: Redescription of Marrella splendens (Trilobitoidea) from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 209, 1-24.
58. Whittington, H.B. 1975: The enigmatic animal Opabinia regalis, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B271, 1-43.
59. Whittington, H.B. 1978: The lobopodian animal Aysheaia pedunculata Walcott, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B284, 165-197.
60. Whittington, H.B. & Briggs, D.E.G. 1985: The largest Cambrian animal, Anomalocaris, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B309, 569-609.
61. Willmer, P. 1990: Invertebrate Relationships. 400 pp. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
62. Wills, M.A., Briggs, D.E.G. & Fortey, R.A. 1994: Disparity as an evolutionary index: a comparison of Cambrian and Recent arthropods. Paleobiology 20, 93-130.
63. Wills, M.A., Briggs, D.E.G., Fortey, R.A. & Wilkinson, W. 1995: The significance of fossils in understanding arthropod evolution. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 88, 20-215.