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Volumn 130, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 2786-2792

Mechanistic studies of a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes: Protonolysis of a stable palladium alkyl complex is the turnover-limiting step

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DICATIONIC PALLADIUM ALKYL COMPLEX; INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROAMINATION; INTRAMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK;

EID: 40949123181     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja0734997     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (173)

References (59)
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    • For example: alcohols, esters, ketones, carbamides, and carbamates
    • For example: alcohols, esters, ketones, carbamides, and carbamates.
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    • For mechanistic studies of hydroaminations using lanthanides, see: a
    • For mechanistic studies of hydroaminations using lanthanides, see: (a) Ryu, J.-S.; Li, G. Y.; Marks, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12584-12605.
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    • A later improvement to this reaction presumably proceeds via a similar mechanism: Dorta, R.; Egli, P.; Zürcher, F.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 117, 10857-10858.
    • A later improvement to this reaction presumably proceeds via a similar mechanism: Dorta, R.; Egli, P.; Zürcher, F.; Togni, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 117, 10857-10858.
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    • β-hydride elimination is normally quite facile for late transition metal alkyl complexes, see (a) Hegedus, L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1113-1116.
    • β-hydride elimination is normally quite facile for late transition metal alkyl complexes, see (a) Hegedus, L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1113-1116.
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    • The initial beneficial effect of the addition of copper triflate to the reaction may have been to prevent reduction of the palladium catalyst, ensuring that the catalytic cycle went to completion
    • The initial beneficial effect of the addition of copper triflate to the reaction may have been to prevent reduction of the palladium catalyst, ensuring that the catalytic cycle went to completion.
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    • For a recent study of the rate of protonolysis of Pt-C bonds, see
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    • (2006) Organometallics , vol.25 , pp. 3114
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    • for a review and discussion of the mechanistic possibilities, see
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    • Since the rate of the reaction is being determined by initial rates, the carbamate of the product does not need to be considered
    • Since the rate of the reaction is being determined by initial rates, the carbamate of the product does not need to be considered.
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    • Pentacoordinate Pd(II) complexes are rare and usually bear tetradentate ligands. For an example, see Ghilardi, C. A.; Midollini, S.; Moneti, S.; Orlandini, A.; Ramirez, J. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1989, 304-306.
    • Pentacoordinate Pd(II) complexes are rare and usually bear tetradentate ligands. For an example, see Ghilardi, C. A.; Midollini, S.; Moneti, S.; Orlandini, A.; Ramirez, J. A. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1989, 304-306.
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    • Carbamates are intermediate in basicity between amides and esters; see Armstrong, V. C.; Moodie, R. B. J. Chem. Soc. B 1968, 275-277.
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    • For examples of 2:1 complexes of amides with Brønsted acids, see Wilhelm, M, Koch, R, Strasdeit, H. New J. Chem. 2002, 26, 560-566 and references therein
    • For examples of 2:1 complexes of amides with Brønsted acids, see Wilhelm, M.; Koch, R.; Strasdeit, H. New J. Chem. 2002, 26, 560-566 and references therein.
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    • We are grateful to a reviewer who suggested this model. A more detailed discussion of this model is in the Supporting Information
    • We are grateful to a reviewer who suggested this model. A more detailed discussion of this model is in the Supporting Information.


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