Lower respiratory tract disease in Thoroughbred racehorses: Analysis of endoscopic data from a UK training yard

Equine Veterinary Journal

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 7-13

  Ramzan, P H L ^a   Parkin, T D H ^b,c   Shepherd, M C ^a  

^a Rossdale & Partners   (United Kingdom)

^b ANIMAL HEALTH TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Endoscopy; Horse; Inflammatory; Racehorse; Respiratory; Tracheal

Indexed keywords

CONGIOPODIDAE; EQUIDAE;

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

AGE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; DISEASE COURSE; ENDOSCOPY; FEMALE; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MUCUS; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SECRETION; SPORT; TIME; TRACHEA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENDOSCOPY; FEMALE; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; MALE; MUCUS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, ANIMAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SPORTS; TIME FACTORS; TRACHEA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 40949102829     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2746/042516407X241059     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Burrell, M.H. (1985) Endoscopic and virological observations on respiratory disease in a group of young Thoroughbred horses in training. Equine vet. J. 17, 99-103.
2. Burrell, M.H., Whitwell, K.E., Wood, J.L. and Mumford, J.A. (1994) Pyrexia associated with respiratory disease in young thoroughbred horses. Vet. Rec. 134, 219-220.
3. Burrell, M.H., Wood, J.L., Whitwell, K.E., Chanter, N., Mackintosh, M.E. and Mumford, J.A. (1996) Respiratory disease in thoroughbred horses in training: the relationships between disease and viruses, bacteria and environment. Vet. Rec. 139, 308-313.
4. Chapman, P.S., Green, C., Main, J.P., Taylor, P.M., Cunningham, F.M., Cook, A.J. and Marr, C.M. (2000) Retrospective study of the relationships between age, inflammation and the isolation of bacteria from the lower respiratory tract of thoroughbred horses. Vet. Rec. 146, 91-95.
5. Christley, R.M. and French, N.P. (2003) Small-world topology of UK racing: the potential for rapid spread of infectious agents. Equine vet. J. 35, 586-589.
6. Christley, R.M., Hodgson, D.R., Rose, R.J., Reid, S.W.J. and Hodgson, J.L. (1999) Comparison of bacteriology and cytology of tracheal fluid samples collected by percutaneous transtracheal aspiration or via an endoscope using a plugged, guarded catheter. Equine vet. J. 31, 197-202.
7. Christley, R.M., Hodgson, D.R., Rose, R.J., Hodgson, J.L., Wood, J.L.N. and Reid, S.W.J. (2001a) Coughing in thoroughbred racehorses: risk factors and tracheal endoscopic and cytological findings. Vet. Rec. 148, 99-104.
8. Christley, R.M., Hodgson, D.R., Rose, R.J., Wood, J.L., Reid, S.W., Whitear, K.G. and Hodgson, J.L. (2001b) A case-control study of respiratory disease in Thoroughbred racehorses in Sydney, Australia. Equine vet. J. 33, 256-264.
9. Clarke, A.F., Madelin, T.M. and Allpress, R.G. (1987) The relationship of air hygiene in stables to lower airway disease and pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia in two groups of Thoroughbred horses. Equine vet. J. 19, 524-530.
10. Couëtil, L.L., Hoffman, A.M., Hodgson, J., Buechner-Maxwell, V., Viel, L., Wood, J.L.N. and Lavoie, J-P. (2007) Inflammatory airway disease of horses: ACVIM Consensus Statement. J. vet. Intern. Med. 21, 356-361.
11. Cusack, P.M. (2004) Effect of mass medication with antibiotics at feedlot entry on the health and growth rate of cattle destined for the Australian domestic market. Aust. vet. J. 82, 154-156.
12. Derksen, F.J., Brown, C.M., Sonea, B., Darien, J. and Robinson, N.E. (1989) Comparison of transtracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar cytology in 50 horses with chronic lung disease. Equine vet. J. 21, 23-26.
13. Gerber, V., King, M., Schneider, D.A. and Robinson, N.E. (2000) Mucus viscoelasticity and clearability during environmental challenge in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Equine vet. J. 32, 411-417.
14. Gerber, V., Robinson, N.E., Luethi, S., Marti, E., Wampfler, B. and Straub, R. (2003) Airway inflammation and mucus in two age groups of asymptomatic wellperforming sport horses. Equine vet. J. 35, 491-495.
15. Gerber, V., Straub, R., Marti, E., Hauptman, J., Herholz, C., King, M., Tahon, L. and Robinson, N.E. (2004) Endoscopic scoring of mucus quantity and quality: observer and horse variance and relation to mucus viscosity and airway inflammation. Equine vet. J. 36, 576-582.
16. Hodgson, J.L. (2006) Collection and interpretation of tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious lower airway disorders. In: Proceedings, World Equine Veterinary Association. pp 71-77.
17. Holcombe, S.J., Jackson, C., Gerber, V., Jefcoat, A., Berney, C., Eberhardt, S. and Robinson, N.E. (2001) Stabling is associated with airway inflammation in young Arabian horses. Equine vet. J. 33, 244-249.
18. Holcombe, S.J., Robinson, N.E., Derksen, F.J., Bertold, B., Genovese, R., Miller, R., De Feiter Rupp, H., Carr, E.A., Eberhart, S.W., Boruta, D. and Kaneene, J.B. (2006) Effect of tracheal mucus and tracheal cytology on racing performance in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine vet. J. 38, 300-304.
19. Loneragan, G.H., Dargatz, D.A., Morley, P.S. and Smith, M.A. (2001) Trends in mortality ratios among cattle in US feedlots. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 219, 1122-1127.
20. Malikides, N., Hughes, K.J., Hodgson, D.R. and Hodgson, J.L. (2003) Comparison of tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage in racehorses. 2. Evaluation of the diagnostic significance of neutrophil percentage. Aust vet. J. 81, 685-687.
21. Martin, Jr., B.B., Beech, J. and Parente, E.J. (1999) Cytological examination of specimens obtained by means of tracheal washes performed before and after high-speed treadmill exercise in horses with a history of poor performance. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 214, 673-677.
22. Newton, J.R., Texier, M.J. and Shepherd, M.C. (2005) Modifying likely protection from equine influenza vaccination by varying dosage intervals within the Jockey Club Rules of Racing. Equine vet. Educ. 17, 314-318.
23. Newton, J.R., Wood, J.L. and Chanter, N. (2003) A case control study of factors and infections associated with clinically apparent respiratory disease in UK Thoroughbred racehorses. Prev. vet. Med. 60, 107-132.
24. Robinson, N.E. (2003) Workshop report: Inflammatory airway disease: defining the syndrome. Conclusions of the Havemeyer Workshop. Equine vet. Educ. 15, 51-63.
25. Sanchez, A., Couetil, L.L., Ward, M.P. and Clark, S.P. (2005) Effect of airway disease on blood gas exchange in racehorses. J. vet. int. Med. 19, 87-92.
26. Whitwell, K.E. and Greet, T.R.C. (1984) Collection and evaluation of tracheobronchial washes in the horse. Equine vet. J. 16, 499-508.
27. Wood, J.L.N., Newton, J.R., Chanter, N. and Mumford, J.A. (2005) Inflammatory airway disease, nasal discharge and respiratory infections in young British racehorses. Equine vet. J. 37, 236-242.
28. Wood, J.L.N., Burrell, M.H., Roberts, C.A., Chanter, N. and Shaw, Y. (1993) Streptococci and Pasteurella spp. associated with disease of the equine lower respiratory tract. Equine vet. J. 25, 314-318.