Coughing in thoroughbred racehorses: Risk factors and tracheal endoscopic and cytological findings

Veterinary Record

Volumn 148, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 99-104

  Christley, R M ^b   Hodgson, D R ^a   Rose, R J ^a   Hodgson, J L ^a   Wood, J L N ^a   Reid, S W J ^b  

^a ANIMAL HEALTH TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EQUIDAE;

AGE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COUGHING; ENDOSCOPY; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; HYPERPLASIA; LYMPHOID TISSUE; NEUTROPHIL; PATHOLOGY; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; RUNNING; STATISTICAL MODEL; TIME; TRACHEA;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COUGH; ENDOSCOPY; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; HYPERPLASIA; LOGISTIC MODELS; LYMPHOID TISSUE; NEUTROPHILS; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES; RISK FACTORS; RUNNING; TIME FACTORS; TRACHEA;

EID: 0035956826     PISSN: 00424900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/vr.148.4.99     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. AUSTIN, S. M., FOREMAN, J. H. & HUNGERFORD, L. L. (1995) Case-control study of risk factors for development of pleuropneumonia in horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 207, 325-328
2. BAILEY, C. J. (1998) Identification and characterisation of causes of wastage in the Australian thoroughbred racing industry. PhD thesis, University of Sydney
3. BAILEY, C. J., ROSE, R. J., REID, S. W. J. & HODGSON, D. R. (1997) Wastage in the Australian thoroughbred racing industry: a survey of Sydney trainers. Australian Veterinary Journal 75, 64-66
4. BEECH, J. (1991) Tracheobronchial aspirates. In Equine Respiratory Disorders. Ed J. Beech. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger. pp 41-53
5. BUDGETT, R. (1990) Overtraining syndrome. British Journal of Sports Medicine 24, 231-236
6. BURRELL, M. (1985) Endoscopic and virological observations on respiratory disease in a group of young thoroughbred horses in training. Equine Veterinary Journal 17, 99-103
7. BURRELL, M. H., WOOD, J. L. N., WHITWELL, K. E., CHANTER, N., MACKINTOSH, M. E. & MUMFORD, J. A. (1996) Respiratory disease in thoroughbred horses in training: the relationship between disease and viruses, bacteria and environment. Veterinary Record 139, 308-313
8. CHRISTLEY, R. M., HODGSON, D. R., ROSE, R. J., REID, S. W. J. & HODGSON, J. L. (1999) Comparison of bacteriological and cytological findings of tracheal fluid samples collected by percutaneous transtracheal aspiration and via an endoscope using a plugged, guarded catheter. Equine Veterinary Journal 31, 197-202
9. CHURCH, D. B., EVANS, D. L., LEWIS, D. R. & ROSE, R. J. (1986) The effects of exercise on plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and insulin in the horse and adaptions with training. In International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology 2. Eds J. R. Gillespie, N. E. Robinson. San Diego, ICEEP Publications. pp 506-515
10. CLARKE, A. F. (1987a) Chronic pulmonary disease; a multifacted disease complex in the horse. Irish Veterinary Journal 41, 258-264
11. CLARKE, A. F. (1987b) Horse Management. London, Academic Press
12. COLERIDGE, H. M. & COLERIDGE, J. C. G. (1994) Pulmonary reflexes: neural mechanisms of pulmonary defense. Annual Review of Physiology 56, 69-91
13. DERKSEN, F. J., BROWN, C. M., SONEA, I., DARIEN, B. J. & ROBINSON, N. E. (1989) Comparison of transtracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in 50 horses with chronic lung disease. Equine Veterinary Journal 21, 23-26
14. FREEMAN, K. P., ROSZEL, J. F., McCLURE, J. F., MANNSMAN, R., PATTON, P. E. & NAILE, S. (1993) A review of cytological specimens from horses with and without respiratory disease. Equine Veterinary Journal 26, 523-526
15. GOOD, R. A. & FERNANDES, G. (1981) Enhancement of immunologic function and resistance to tumor growth in BALB/C mice by exercise. Federation Proceedings 40, 1040
16. HEATH, G. W., FORD, E. S., CRAVEN, T. E., MACERA, C. A., JACKSON, K. I., & PATE, R. R. (1991) Exercise and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 23, 152-157
17. HOSMER, D. W. & LEMESHOW, S. (1989) Applied Logistic Regression. New York, John Wiley and Sons
18. HUSTON, L. J., BAYLY, W. M., LIGGIT, H. D. & MAGNUSON, N. S. (1987) Alveolar macrophage function in thoroughbreds after strenuous exercise. In International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology 2. Eds J. R. Gillespie, N. E. Robinson. San Diego, ICEEP Publications. pp 243-252
19. JEFFCOTT, L. B., ROSSDALE, P. D., FREESTONE, J., FRANK, C. J. & TOWERS-CLARKE, P. F. (1982) An assessment of wastage in thoroughbred racing from conception to 4 years of age. Equine Veterinary Journal 14, 185-198
20. KARLSSON, J-A., HANSSON, L., WOLLMER, P. & DAHLBÄCK, M. (1988) Regional sensitivity of the respiratory tract to stimuli causing cough and reflex bronchoconstriction. Respiratory Medicine 85 (Suppl A), 47-50
21. KLEINBAUM, D. G., KUPPER, L. L., MULLER, K. E. & NIZAM, A. (1988) Applied Regression and Multivariable Methods. Pacific Grove, Duxbury Press
22. LARSON, V. & BUSCH, R. (1985) Equine tracheobronchial lavage: comparison of lavage cytologic and pulmonary histopathologic findings. American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, 144-146
23. LIU, Y. & WANG, S. (1987) The enhancing effect of exercise on the production of antibody to Salmonella typhi in mice. Immunology Letters 14, 117-120
24. McCARTHY, R. N., JEFFCOTT, L. B., FUNDER, J. W., FULLERTON, M. & CLARKE, I. J. (1991) Plasma beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotrophin in young horses in training. Australian Veterinary Journal 68, 359-361
25. McKANE, S., CANFIELD, P. J. & ROSE, R. J. (1993) Equine bronchoalveolar lavage cytology: survey of thoroughbred racehorses in training. Australian Veterinary Journal 70, 401-404
26. MACKAY, R. J. & URQHUART, K. A. (1979) An outbreak of eosinophilic bronchitis in horses possibly associated with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection. Equine Veterinary Journal 11, 110-112
27. MacNAMARA, B., BAUER, S. & IAFE, J. (1990) Endoscopic evaluation of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in association with poor performance in racing standardbreds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196, 443-445
28. MATSUMURA, T., SUGIURA, T., IMAGAWA, H., FUKUNAGA, Y. & KAMADA, M. (1992) Epizootiological aspects of type 1 and type 4 equine herpesvirus infections among horse populations. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 54, 207-211
29. MOORE, B. R. (1996) Lower respiratory tract disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice 12, 457-472
30. MOORE, B. R., KRAKOWKA, S., ROBERTSON, J. T. & CUMMINS, J. M. (1995) Cytologic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from standardbred racehorses with inflammatory airway disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research 56, 562-567
31. NIEMAN, D. C. (1993) Exercise, upper respiratory tract infection, and the immune system. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 26, 128-139
32. PASCOE, R. (1991) Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage. In Equine Respiratory Disorders. Ed J. Beech. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger. pp 237-252
33. PETERS, E. M. & BATEMAN, E. D. (1983) Ultramarathon running and upper respiratory tract infections. South African Medical Journal 64, 582-584
34. POWELL, D. G., BURROWS, R. & GOODRIDGE, D. (1974) Respiratory viral infections among thoroughbred horses in training during 1972. Equine Veterinary Journal 6, 19-24
35. PREGIBON, D. (1981) Logistic regression diagnostics. Annals of Statistics 9, 705-724
36. RAIDAL, S. L., BAILEY, G. D. & LOVE, D. N. (1997) Effect of transportation on lower respiratory tract contamination and peripheral blood neutrophil function. Australian Veterinary Journal 75, 433-438
37. RAPHEL, C. F. & BEECH, J. (1982) Pleuritis secondary to pneumonia or lung abscessation in 90 horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 181, 808-810
38. ROBINSON, N. E. & DERKSEN, F. J. (1998) COPD: newer concepts. World Equine Airways Symposium, Research Proceedings, CD-ROM, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontaria, Canada
39. ROBINSON, N. E. & SLOCOMBE, R. F. (1986) Pulmonary defense mechanisms; effects of environment and infection. In Bain Fallon Memorial Lectures. Artamon, Australian Equine Veterinary Association. pp 13-18
40. ROSE, R. J. & HODGSON, D. R. (1993) Protocols for common presenting complaints. In Manual of Equine Practice. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders. pp 24-47
41. ROSSDALE, P. D., HOPES, R., DIGBY, N. J. W., OFFORD, K. & WINGFIELD DIGBY, N. J. (1985) Epidemiological study of wastage among racehorses 1982 and 1983. Veterinary Record 116, 66-69
42. SCHWARTZ, D. A., THORNE, P. S., JAGIELO, P. J., WHITE, G. E., BLEUER, S. A. & FREES, K. L. (1994) Endotoxin responsiveness and grain dust-induced inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. American Journal of Physiology 267, L609-L617
43. SHARP, N. C. C. & KOUTENDAKIS, Y. (1992) Sport and the overtraining syndrome: immunological aspects. British Medical Journal 48, 518-533
44. SUGIURA, T., MATSUMURA, T., FUKUNAGA, Y. & HIRASAWA, K. (1987) Sero-epidemiological study of racehorses with pyrexia in the training centers of the Japan Racing Association. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 49, 1087-1096
45. SWEENEY, C., HUMBER, K. & ROBY, K. (1992) Cytological findings of tracheobronchial aspirates from 66 thoroughbred racehorses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, 1172-1175
46. THORNTON, J. R. (1985) Hormonal responses to exercise and training. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice 1, 477-496
47. TREMBLAY, G. M., FERLAND, C., LAPOINTE, J-M., VRINS, A., LAVOIE, J. P. & CORMIER, Y. (1993) Effect of stabling on bronchoalveolar cells obtained from normal and COPD horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 25, 194-197
48. TYLER, W. S., PASCOE, J. R., AGUILERA-TEJERO, E., WOLINER, M. J., HINDS, D. M., BAKER, G. L., JAIN, S. & KANN, M. (1991) Morphological effects of autologous blood in airspaces of equine lungs. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Comparative Respiratory Society. p 7
49. VIEL, L. (1997) Lower airway inflammation in young performance horses. In Current Therapy in Equine Medicine 4. Ed N. E. Robinson. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders . pp 426-428
50. WEIDEMANN, M. J., SMITH, J. A., GRAY, A. B., PYNE, D. B., KOLBUCH-BRADDON, M. & TELFORD, R. I. (1992) Exercise and the immune system. Life Science 4, 24-33
51. WONG, C. W., THOMPSON, H. L., THONG, Y. H. & THORNTON, J. R. (1990) Effects of strenuous exercise on chemiluminescence response of the equine lower respiratory tract. Equine Veterinary Journal 22, 33-35
52. WOOD, J. L. N., BURRELL, M. H., ROBERTS, C. A., CHANTER, N. & SHAW, Y. (1993) Streptococci and Pasteurella spp associated with disease of the equine lower respiratory tract. Equine Veterinary Journal 25, 314-318