Renal effects of dental amalgam in children: The New England children's amalgam trial

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 116, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 394-399

  Barregard, Lars ^a   Trachtenberg, Felicia ^b   McKinlay, Sonja ^b  

^a SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b NEW ENGLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (United States)

Author keywords

glutamyl transpeptidase; Albumin; Alpha 1 microglobulin; Children; Dental amalgam; Glomerular kidney function; NAG; Renal functin; Tubular kidney function

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ALPHA 1 MICROGLOBULIN; AMALGAM; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; MERCURY; N ACETYL BETA GLUCOSAMINIDASE; RESIN;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENTAL CARIES; DISEASE MARKER; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; KIDNEY TUBULE FUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MERCURIALISM; MICROALBUMINURIA; NEPHROTOXICITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED KINGDOM;

ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; ALPHA-GLOBULINS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CHILD; DENTAL AMALGAM; FEMALE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; KIDNEY DISEASES; KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS; MALE; NEW ENGLAND; SERUM ALBUMIN; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 40849145544     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10504     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1999. Toxicological Profile for Mercury. Atlanta, GA:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
2. American Diabetes Association. 2004. Nephropathy in diabetes, Diabetes Care 27(suppl 1):S79-S83.
3. Barregard L. 1993. Biological monitoring of exposure to mercury vapor. Scand J Work Environ Health 19(suppl 1):45-49
4. Barregard L, Enestrom S, Ljunghusen O, Wieslander J, Hultman P. 1997. A study of autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes in mercury-exposed chloralkali workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 70(2):101-106.
5. Barregard L, Horvat M, Mazzolai B, Sällsten G, Gibicar D, Fajon V, et al. 2006. Urinary mercury in people living near point sources of mercury emissions. Sci Total Environ 368:326-334.
6. Barregard L, Sallsten G, Jarvholm B. 1995. People with high mercury uptake from their own dental amalgam fillings. Occup Environ Med 52(2):124-128.
7. Batariova A, Spevackova V, Benes B, Cejchanova M, Smid J, Cerna M. 2006. Blood and urine levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in the general population ofthe Czech Republic and proposed reference values. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209(4):359-366.
8. Bazzi C, Petrini C, Rizzo V, Arrigo G, Napodano P, Paparella M, et al. 2002. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase excretion is a marker of tubular cell dysfunction and a predictor of outcome in primary glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17(11):1890-1895.
9. Becker K, Schulz C, Kaus S, Seiwert M, Seifert B. 2003. German Environmental Survey 1998 (GerES III): environmental pollutants in the urine of the German population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 206(1):15-24.
10. Bellinger DC, Trachtenberg F, Barregard L, Tavares M, Cernichiari E, Daniel D, et al. 2006. Neuropsychological and renal effects of dental amalgam in children: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 295(15):1775-1783.
11. Buchet JP, Roels H, Bernard A, Lauwerys R. 1980. Assessment of renal function of workers exposed to inorganic lead, calcium or mercury vapor. J Occup Med 22(11):741-750.
12. Children's Amalgam Trial Study Group. 2003. The Children's Amalgam Trial: design and methods. Control Clin Trials 24(6):795-814.
13. Clarkson TW, Magos L. 2006. The toxicology of mercury and its chemical compounds. Crit Rev Toxicol 36(8):609-662.
14. Counter SA, Buchanan LH. 2004. Mercury exposure in children: a review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 198(2):209-230.
15. de Burbure C, Buchet JP, Leroyer A, Nisse C, Haguenoer JM, Mutti A, et al. 2006. Renal and neurologic effects of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic in children: evidence of early effects and multiple interactions at environmental exposure levels. Environ Health Perspect 114:584-590.
16. DeRouen TA, Martin MD, Leroux BG, Townes BD, Woods JS, Leitao J, et al. 2006. Neurobehavioral effects of dental amalgam in children: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 295(15):1784-1792.
17. Dye BA, Scnober SE, Dillon CF, Jones RL, Fryar C, McDowell M, et al. 2005. Urinary mercury concentrations associated with dental restorations in adult women aged 16-49 years: United States, 1999-2000. Occup Environ Med 62(6):368-375.
18. Ellingson DG, Efskind J, Berg KJ, Gaarder PI, Thomassen Y. 2000. Renal and immunologic markers for chloralkali workers with low exposure to mercury vapor. Scand J Work Environ Health 26(5):427-435.
19. Enestrom S, Hultman P, 1995. Does amalgam affectthe immune system? A controversial issue. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 106(3):180-203.
20. Evens CC, Martin MD, Woods JS, Soares HL, Bernardo M, Leitao J, et al. 2001. Examination of dietary methylmercury exposure in the Casa Pia Study of the health effects of dental amalgams in children. J Toxicol Environ Health A 64(7):521-530.
21. Factor-Litvak P, Hasselgron G, Jacobs D, Begg M, Kline J, Geier J, et al. 2003. Mercury derived from dental amalgams and neuropsychologic function. Environ Health Perspect 111:719-723.
22. Gotelli CA, Astolfi E, Cox C, Cernichiari E, Clarkson TW. 1985. Early biochemical effects of an organic mercury fungicide on infants: dose makes the poison. Science 227(4687):638-640.
23. Green LW. 1970. Manual for scoring socioeconomic status for research on health behavior. Public Health Rep 85(9):815-827.
24. Hogg RJ, Portman RJ, Milliner D, Lemley KV, Eddy A, Ingelfinger J. 2000. Evaluation and management of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome in children: recommendations from a pediatric nephrology panel established at the National Kidney Foundation conference on proteinuria, albuminuria, risk, assessment, detection, and elimination (PARADE). Pediatrics 105(6):1242-1249.
25. Holdt-Lehmann B, Lehmann A, Korten G, Nagel H, Nizze H, Schuff-Werner P. 2000. Diagnostic value of urinary alanine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in comparison to alpha 1-microglobulin as a marker in evaluating tubular dysfunction in glomerulonephritis patients. Clin Chim Acta 297(1-2):93-102.
26. Hornung R, Reed L. 1990. Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 5:46-51.
27. Jarup L, Hellstrom L, Alfven T, Carlsson MD, Grubb A, Persson B, et al. 2000. Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage: the OSCAR study. Occup Environ Med 57(10):668-672.
28. Jones CA, Francis ME, Eberhardt MS, Chavers B, Coresh J, Engelgau M, et al. 2002. Microalbuminuria in the US population; third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis 39(3):445-459.
29. Kingman A, Albertini T, Brown LJ, 1998. Mercury concentrations in urine and whole blood associated with amalgam exposure in a US military population. J Dent Res 77(3):461-471.
30. Lehrnbecher T, Greissinger S, Navid F, Pfuller H, Jeschke R. 1998. Albumin, IgG, retinol-binding protein, and alpha1-microglobulin excretion in childhood. Pediatr Nephrol 12(4):290-292.
31. Levy M, Schwartz S, Dijak M, Weber JP, Tardif R, Rouah F. 2004. Childhood urine mercury excretion: dental amalgam and fish consumption as exposure factors. Environ Res 94(3):283-290.
32. Nielsen JB, Hultman P. 2002. Mercury-induced autoimmunity in mice. Environ Health Perspect 110(suppl 5):877-881.
33. Oliveira DB, Foster G, Savill J, Syme PD, Taylor A. 1987. Membranous nophropathy caused by mercury-containing skin lightening cream. Postgrad Med J 63(738):303-304.
34. Ozuah PO, Lesser MS, Woods JS, Choi H, Markowitz M. 2003. Mercury exposure in an urban pediatric population. Ambul Pediatr 3(1):24-26.
35. Pesch A, Wilhelm M, Rostek U, Schmitz N, Weishoff-Houben M, Ranft U, et al. 2002. Mercury concentrations in urine, scalp hair, and saliva in children from Germany. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 12(4):252-258.
36. Pollard KM, Hultman P, Kono DH. 2005. Immunology and genetics of induced systemic autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 4(5):282-288.
37. Roels H, Gennart JP, Lauwerys R, Buchet JP, Malchaire J, Bernard A. 1985. Surveillance of workers exposed to mercury vapour: validation of a previously proposed biological threshold limit value for mercury concentration in urine. Am J Ind Mad 7(1):45-71.
38. Sallsten G, Thoren J, Barregand L, Schutz A, Skarping G. 1996. Long-term use of nicotine chewing gum and mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings. J Dent Res 75(1):594-598.
39. Trepka MJ, Heinrich J, Krouse C, Schulz C, Wjst M, Popescu M, et al. 1997. Factors affecting internal mercury burdens among eastern German children. Arch Environ Health 52(2):134-138.
40. Tubbs RR, Gephardt GN, McMahon JT, Pohl MC, Vidt DG, Barenberg SA, et al. 1982. Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with industrial mercury exposure. Study of pathogenetic mechanisms. Am J Clin Pathol 77(4):409-413.
41. Weinstein M, Bernstein S. 2003. Pink ladies: mercury poisoning in twin girls. Cmaj 168(2):201.
42. WHO. 1991. Environmental Health Criteria 118. Inorganic mercury. Geneva:International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization.
43. WHO. 2003. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 50. Elemental Mercury and Inorganic Mercury Compounds: Human Health Aspects. Geneva:World Health Organization.
44. Wilhelm M, Schulz C, Schwenk M. 2006. Revised and new reference values for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood or urine of children: basis for validation of human biomonitoring data in environmental medicine. Int J Hyg Environ Health 209(3):301-305.