Continuous monitoring of nightside upper thermospheric mass densities in the martian southern hemisphere over 4 martian years using electron reflectometry

Icarus

Volumn 194, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 562-574

  Lillis, Robert J ^a   Bougher, Stephen W ^b   Mitchell, David L ^a   Brain, David A ^a   Lin, Robert P ^a   Acuña, Mario H ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

atmosphere; Magnetic fields; Mars

Indexed keywords

EID: 40849119784     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.031     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Acuña M.H., and 16 colleagues. The Mars Observer magnetic fields investigation. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 97 (1992) 7799-7814
2. Angelats i Coll M., Forget F., Lopez-Valverde M.A., Read P.L., and Lewis S.R. Upper atmosphere of Mars up to 120 km: Mars Global Surveyor accelerometer data analysis with the LMD general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) 10.1029/2003JE002163 E01011
3. Angelats i Coll M., Forget F., Lopez-Valverde M.A., and Gonzalez-Galindo F. The first Mars thermospheric general circulation model: The martian atmosphere from the ground to 240 km. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) 10.1029/2004GL021368 L04201
4. Arkani-Hamed J. A 50-degree spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 23197-23208
5. Arkani-Hamed J. An improved 50-degree spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Mars derived from both high-altitude and low-altitude datasets. J. Geophys. Res. 107 E10 (2002) 10.1029/2001JE001835 5083
6. Bell J.M., Bougher S.W., and Murphy J.R. Vertical dust mixing and the inter-annual variations in the Mars thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 112 E12 (2007) 10.1029/2006JE002856 E12002
7. Bertaux J.L., and 10 colleagues. Night glow in the upper atmosphere of Mars and implications for atmospheric transport. Science 307 (2005) 566-569
8. Bougher S.W., and Keating G.M. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: Aerobraking science analysis. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38 3 (2006) 605 Abstract 61.12
9. Bougher S.W., Roble R.G., Ridley E.C., and Dickinson R.E. The Mars thermosphere. II. General circulation with coupled dynamics and composition. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 14811-14827
10. Bougher S.W., Keating G.M., Zurek R.W., Murphy J., Haberle R., Hollingsworth J., and Clancy R.T. Mars Global Surveyor aerobraking: Atmospheric trends and model interpretation. Adv. Space Res. 23 (1999) 1887-1897
11. Bougher S.W., Engle S., Roble R.G., and Foster B. Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres. 2. Solar cycle variation of global structure and winds at equinox. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 16591-16611
12. Bougher S.W., Engle S., Roble R.G., and Foster B. Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres. 3. Solar cycle variation of global structure and winds solstices. J. Geophys. Res. 105 E7 (2000) 17669-17692
13. Bougher S.W., Roble R.G., and Fuller-Rowell T.J. Simulations of the upper atmospheres of the terrestrial planets. In: Mendillo M., Nagy A., and Waite J.H. (Eds). Atmospheres in the Solar System: Comparative Aeronomy. Geophysical Monographs vol. 130 (2002), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 261-288
14. Bougher S.W., Engel S., Hinson D.P., and Murphy J.R. MGS Radio Science electron density profiles: Inter-annual variability and implications for the neutral atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) 10.1029/2003JE002154 E03010
15. Bougher S.W., Bell J.M., Murphy J.R., Lopez-Valverde M.A., and Withers P.G. Polar warming in the Mars thermosphere: Seasonal variations owing to changing insolation and dust distributions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL024059 L02203
16. Bougher, S.W., Bell, J.M., Steers, B.M., Keating, G.M., Murphy, J.R., 2007. Winter polar warming in the Mars thermosphere. In: 7th International Conference on Mars, Pasadena, CA, 9-13 July 2007
17. Brain D.A., Bagenal F., Acuna M.H., and Connerney J.E.P. Martian magnetic morphology: Contributions from the solar wind and crust. J. Geophys. Res. 108 A12 (2003) 10.1029/2002JA009482 1424
18. Cain J.C., Ferguson B.B., and Mazoni D. An n = 90 internal potential function of the martian crustal magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res. 107 E2 (2003) 10.1029/2000JE001487 5008
19. Forbes J.M., and Hagan M.E. Diurnal Kelvin wave in the atmosphere of Mars: Towards an understanding of "stationary" density structures observed by the MGS accelerometer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 3563-3566
20. Forbes J.M., Bridger A.F.C., Bougher S.W., Hagan M.E., Hollingsworth J.L., Keating G.M., and Murphy J.R. Nonmigrating tides in the thermosphere of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 107 E11 (2002) 10.1029/2001JE001582 5113
21. Fox J.L., and Dalgarno A. Ionization, luminosity, and heating of the upper atmosphere of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 84 (1979) 7315-7333
22. Fox J.L., and Sung K.Y. Solar activity variations of the Venus thermosphere/ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 21305-21336
23. Haberle R.M., and 9 colleagues. General Circulation Model simulations of the Mars Pathfinder atmospheric structure investigation/meteorology data. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 8957-8974
24. Joshi M.M., Hollingsworth J.L., Haberle R.M., and Bridger A.F.C. An interpretation of martian thermospheric waves based on analysis of a general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 613-616
25. Keating G.M., and 27 colleagues. The structure of the upper atmosphere of Mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from Mars Global Surveyor. Science 279 (1998) 1672-1676
26. Keating G.M., Bougher S.W., Theriot M.E., Tolson R.H., Blanchard R.C., Zurek R.W., Forbes J.M., and Murphy J.R. Initial Mars upper atmospheric structure results from the accelerometer science experiment aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Eos (Fall Suppl.) 87 52 (2006) Abstract P33A-06
27. Langlais B., Purucker M.E., and Mandea M. Crustal magnetic field of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) 10.1029/2003JE002048 E02008
28. Liemohn M.W., and 49 colleagues. Numerical interpretation of high altitude photoelectron observations. Icarus 182 (2006) 383-395
29. Lillis R.J., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Connerney J.E.P., and Acuña M.H. Mapping crustal magnetic fields at Mars using electron reflectometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) 10.1029/2004GL020189 L15702
30. Lillis R.J., Engel J.H., Mitchell D.L., Brain D.A., Lin R.P., Bougher S.W., and Acuna M.H. Probing upper thermospheric neutral densities at Mars using electron reflectometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) 10.1029/2005GL024337 L23204
31. Lillis R.J., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., and Acuña M.H. Electron reflectometry in the martian atmosphere. Icarus 194 (2008) 544-561
32. Lillis R.J., Frey H.V., Manga M., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Acuña M.H., and Bougher S.W. An improved crustal magnetic field map of Mars from electron reflectometry: Highland volcano magmatic history and the end of the martian dynamo. Icarus 194 (2008) 575-596
33. Lin R.P. High spatial resolution measurements of surface magnetic fields of the lunar frontside. Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 10 3 (1979) 2259-2264 A80-2367708-91
34. Liu J., Richardson M.I., and Wilson R.J. An assessment of the global, seasonal, and inter-annual spacecraft record of martian climate in the thermal infrared. J. Geophys. Res. 108 E8 (2003) 10.1029/2002JE001921 5089
35. Lopez-Valverde M.A., Edwards D.P., Lopez-Puertas M., and Roldan C. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium in general circulation models of the martian atmosphere. 1. Effects of the local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation on thermal cooling and solar heating. J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 16799-16811
36. Mazarico E., Zuber M.T., Lemoine F.G., and Smith D.E. Atmospheric structure of the martian atmosphere near 250 km altitude from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter radio tracking data. Lunar Planet. Sci. 38 (2007) 1715
37. Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Rème H., Crider D.H., Cloutier P.A., Connerney J.E.P., Acuña M.H., and Ness N.F. Oxygen Auger electrons observed in Mars' ionosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 1871-1874
38. Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Mazelle C., Rème H., Cloutier P.A., Connerney J.E.P., Acuña M.H., and Ness N.F. Probing Mars' crustal magnetic field and ionosphere with the MGS electron reflectometer. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 23419-23427
39. Mitchell D.L., Lillis R.J., Lin R.P., Connerney J.E.P., and Acuña M.H. A global map of Mars' crustal magnetic field based on electron reflectometer. J. Geophys. Res. 112 E1 (2007) 10.1029/2005JE002564 E0100
40. Nier A.O., and McElroy M.B. Composition and structure of Mars' upper atmosphere-Results from the neutral mass spectrometers on Viking 1 and 2. J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 4341-4349
41. Purucker M.E., Ravat D., Frey H., Voorhies C., Sabaka T., and Acuña M.H. An altitude-normalized magnetic map of Mars and its interpretation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 2449-2452
42. Smith M.D. Inter-annual variability in TES atmospheric observations of Mars during 1999-2003. Icarus 167 (2004) 148-165
43. Smith D.E., and 24 colleagues. Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 23689-23722
44. Smith M.D., Conrath B.J., Pearl J.C., and Christensen P.R. Thermal emission spectrometer observations of martian planet-encircling dust storm 2001A. Icarus 157 (2002) 259-263
45. Whaler K.A., and Purucker M.E. A spatially continuous magnetization model for Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 110 E9 (2005) 10.1029/2004JE002393 E09001
46. Wilson R.J. Evidence for nonmigrating thermal tides in the Mars upper atmosphere from the Mars Global Surveyor accelerometer experiment. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 7 (2002) 10.1029/2001GL013975 1120
47. Withers, P., 2003. Tides in the martian atmosphere and other topics. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson
48. Withers P. Mars global surveyor and Mars Odyssey accelerometer observations of the martian upper atmosphere during aerobraking. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL024447 L02201
49. Withers P., Bougher S.W., and Keating G.M. The effects of topographically-controlled thermal tides in the martian upper atmosphere as seen by the MGS accelerometer. Icarus 164 (2003) 14-32