Electron reflectometry in the martian atmosphere

Icarus

Volumn 194, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 544-561

  Lillis, Robert J ^a   Mitchell, David L ^a   Lin, Robert P ^a   Acuña, Mario H ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

atmosphere; Magnetic fields; Mars

Indexed keywords

EID: 40849100124     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.030     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Acuña M.H., and 16 colleagues. The Mars Observer magnetic fields investigation. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 97 (1992) 7799-7914
2. Acuña M.H., and 13 colleagues. Magnetic field of Mars: Summary of results from the aerobraking and mapping orbits. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 23403-23417
3. Ajello J.M., James G.K., Franklin B., and Howell S. Study of electron impact excitation of argon in the extreme ultraviolet: Emission cross section of resonance lines of Ar I, Ar II. J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 23 (1990) 4355-4376
4. Albee A.L., Arvidson R.E., Palluconi F., and Thorpe T. Overview of the Mars Global Surveyor mission. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 23291-23316
5. Anderson K.A., Lin R.P., McCoy J.E., and McGuire R.E. Measurements of lunar and planetary magnetic fields by reflection of low energy electrons. Space Sci. Instrum. 1 (1976) 439-470
6. Arkani-Hamed J. A 50-degree spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 23197-23208
7. Arkani-Hamed J. An improved 50-degree spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Mars derived from both high-altitude and low-altitude datasets. J. Geophys. Res. 107 E10 (2002) 10.1029/2001JE001835 5083
8. Arkani-Hamed J. A coherent model of the crustal field of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) 10.1029/2003JE002265 E09005
9. Binder A.P. Lunar Prospector: Overview. Science 281 5382 (1998) 1475-1476
10. Bougher S.W., Roble R.G., Ridley E.C., and Dickinson R.E. The Mars thermosphere. II. General circulation with coupled dynamics and composition. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 14811-14827
11. Bougher S.W., Engle S., Roble R.G., and Foster B. Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres. 2. Solar cycle variation of global structure and winds at equinox. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 16591-16611
12. Bougher S.W., Engle S., Roble R.G., and Foster B. Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres. 3. Solar cycle variation of global structure and winds solstices. J. Geophys. Res. 105 (2000) 17669-17692
13. Bougher S.W., Roble R.G., and Fuller-Rowell T.J. Simulations of the upper atmospheres of the terrestrial planets. In: Mendillo M., Nagy A., and Waite J.H. (Eds). Atmospheres in the Solar System: Comparative Aeronomy. AGU Monographs vol. 130 (2002), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 261-288
14. Bougher S.W., Bell J.M., Murphy J.R., Lopez-Valverde M.A., and Withers P.G. Polar warming in the Mars thermosphere: Seasonal variations owing to changing insolation and dust distributions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL024059 L02203
15. Bougher S.W., Bell J.M., Steers B., Murphy J.R., and Keating G.M. Winter polar warming in the Mars thermosphere. LPI Contributions 1353 (2007) 3027
16. Brain D.A., Bagenal F., Acuna M.H., and Connerney J.E.P. Martian magnetic morphology: Contributions from the solar wind and crust. J. Geophys. Res. 108 A12 (2003) 10.1029/2002JA009482 1424
17. Brain D.A., Halekas J.S., Peticolas L.M., Lin R.P., Luhmann J.G., Mitchell D.L., Delory G.T., Bougher S.W., Acuna M.H., and Réme H. On the origin of aurorae on Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) 1201
18. Brain D.A., Lillis R.J., Mitchell D.L., Halekas J.S., and Lin R.P. Electron pitch angle distributions as indicators of magnetic field topology near Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (2007) 10.1029/2007JA012435 A09201
19. Burnett T., and Rountree S.P. Differential and total cross sections for electron-impact ionization of atomic oxygen. Phys. Rev. A 20 (1979) 1468-1473
20. Butler S.T., and Buckingham M.J. Energy loss of a fast ion in plasma. Phys. Rev. 1261 (1962) 1-4
21. Cain J.C., Ferguson B.B., and Mazoni D. An n = 90 internal potential function of the martian crustal magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res. 107 E2 (2003) 10.1029/2000JE001487 5008
22. 5 5 s levels of argon using Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. A 605 (1999) 3712-3721
23. Connerney J.E.P., Acuna M.H., Ness N.F., Spohn T., and Schubert G. Mars crustal magnetism. Space Sci. Rev. 1 (2004) 1-33
24. Connerney J.E.P., Acuña M.H., Ness N.F., Kletetschka G., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., and Reme H. Tectonic implications of Mars crustal magnetism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005) 14970-14975
25. Cvejanovic D., and Crowe A. Differential cross sections for elastic scattering of electrons from argon and krypton as a continuous function of energy. J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 (1997) 2873-2887
26. Dalgarno A., McElroy M.B., and Moffett R.J. Electron temperatures in the ionosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 11 (1963) 463-484
27. Espley J.R., Delory G.T., and Cloutier P.A. Initial observations of low-frequency magnetic fluctuations in the martian ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 111 (2006) 10.1029/2005JE002587 E06S22
28. Ferguson B.B., Cain J.C., Crider D.H., Brain D.A., and Harnett E.M. External fields on the nightside of Mars at Mars Global Surveyor mapping altitudes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) 16 10.1029/2004GL021964
29. Halekas, J.S., 2003. The origins of lunar crustal magnetic fields. Ph.D. thesis, UC Berkeley
30. Halekas J.S., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Frey S., Hood L.L., Acuña M.H., and Binder A.B. Mapping of crustal magnetic anomalies on the lunar near side by the Lunar Prospector electron reflectometer. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 27841-27852
31. Halekas J.S., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Hood L.L., Acuña M.H., and Binder A.B. Demagnetization signatures of lunar impact craters. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 13 (2002) 10.1029/2001GL013924 1645
32. Halekas J.S., Lin R.P., and Mitchell D.L. Magnetic fields of lunar multi-ring impact basins. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 38 (2003) 565-578
33. Halekas J.S., Brain D.A., Lillis R.J., Fillingim M.O., Mitchell D.L., and Lin R.P. Current sheets at low altitudes in the martian magnetotail. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) 13 10.1029/2006GL026229
34. Itikawa Y. Cross sections for electron collisions with carbon dioxide. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31 3 (2002) 10.1063/1.1481879#
35. Langlais B., Purucker M.E., and Mandea M. Crustal magnetic field of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) 10.1029/2003JE002048 E02008
36. Lillis R.J., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Connerney J.E.P., and Acuña M.H. Mapping crustal magnetic fields at Mars using electron reflectometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) 10.1029/2004GL020189 L15702
37. Lillis R.J., Engel J.H., Mitchell D.L., Brain D.A., Lin R.P., Bougher S.W., and Acuna M.H. Probing upper thermospheric neutral densities at Mars using electron reflectometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) 10.1029/2005GL024337 L23204
38. Lillis R.J., Manga M., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., and Acuña M.H. Unusual magnetic signature of the Hadriaca Patera Volcano: Implications for early Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL024905 L03202
39. Lillis R.J., Bougher S.W., Mitchell D.L., Brain D.A., Lin R.P., and Acuña M.H. Continuous monitoring of nightside upper thermospheric mass densities in the martian southern hemisphere over 4 martian years using electron reflectometry. Icarus 194 (2008) 562-574
40. Lillis R.J., Frey H.V., Manga M., Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Acuña M.H., and Bougher S.W. Improved crustal magnetic field map of Mars from electron reflectometry: Highland volcano magmatic history and the end of the martian dynamo. Icarus 194 (2008) 575-596
41. Lin R.P. High spatial resolution measurements of surface magnetic fields of the lunar frontside. Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 10 (1979) 2259-2264
42. Lundin R., and 22 colleagues. Plasma acceleration above martian magnetic anomalies. Science 311 (2006) 980-983
43. Ma Y., Nagy A., Hansen K., DeZeeuw D., and Gombosi T. Three-dimensional multispecies MHD studies of the solar wind interaction with Mars in the presence of crustal fields. J. Geophys. Res. 107 (2002) 10.1029/2002JA009293
44. Mitchell D.L., Lin R.P., Mazelle C., Rème H., Cloutier P.A., Connerney J.E.P., Acuña M.H., and Ness N.F. Probing Mars' crustal magnetic field and ionosphere with the MGS Electron Reflectometer. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 23419-23427
45. Mitchell D.L., Lillis R.J., Lin R.P., Connerney J.E.P., and Acuña M.H. A global map of Mars' crustal magnetic field based on electron reflectometer. J. Geophys. Res. 112 E1 (2007) 10.1029/2005JE002564 E0100
46. Nagy A.F., and 15 colleagues. The plasma environment of Mars. Space Sci. Rev. (2004) 1-82
47. Nier A.O., and McElroy M.B. Composition and structure of Mars' upper atmosphere-Results from the neutral mass spectrometers on Viking 1 and 2. J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 4341-4349
48. Opal C.B., Peterson W.K., and Beaty E.C. Measurements of secondary-electron spectra produced by electron impact ionization on a number of simple gases. J. Chem. Phys. 33 (1971) 4100-4106
49. Parks G. Physics of Space Plasmas (2004), Westview, Cambridge, MA
50. Porter, H.S., Jump, F.W., 1978. Analytic total angular elastic electron impact cross sections for planetary atmospheres, NASA Publication CSC/TM-78/6017
51. Porter H.S., Varosi F., and Mayr H.G. Iterative solution of the multistream electron transport equation. 1. Comparison with laboratory beam injection experiments. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 5933-5959
52. Purucker M.E., Ravat D., Frey H., Voorhies C., Sabaka T., and Acuña M.H. An altitude-normalized magnetic map of Mars and its interpretation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 2449-2452
53. 2. Phys. Rev. A 20 (1979) 2332-2339
54. Sung K., and Fox J.L. Electron impact cross sections for use in modeling the ionospheres/thermospheres of the Earth and planets. Eos (Fall Suppl.) 81 48 (2000) SA52A-11
55. Tyler G.L., Balmino G., Hinson D.P., Sjogren W.L., Smith D.E., Simpson R.A., Asmar S.W., Priest P., and Twicken J.D. Radio science observations with Mars Global Surveyor: Orbit insertion through one Mars year in mapping orbit, 2001. J. Geophys. Res. 106 E10 (2001) 23327-23348
56. Withers P. Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey Accelerometer observations of the martian upper atmosphere during aerobraking. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) 10.1029/2005GL024447 L02201
57. Whaler K.A., and Purucker M.E. A spatially continuous magnetization model for Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 110 E9 (2005) 10.1029/2004JE002393 E09001