Nightglow in the upper atmosphere of mars and implications for atmospheric transport

Science

Volumn 307, Issue 5709, 2005, Pages 566-569

  Bertaux, Jean Loup ^a   Leblanc, François ^a   Perrier, Séverine ^a   Quemerais, E ^a   Korablev, Oleg ^b   Dimarellis, E ^a   Reberac, A ^a   Forget, F ^c   Simon, P C ^d   Stern, S A ^e   Sandel, Bill ^f  

^a INSTITUT PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE   (France)

^b Space Research Institute ^*  (Russian Federation)

^c LABORATOIRE DE MÉTÉOROLOGIE DYNAMIQUE   (France)

^d BELGIAN INSTITUTE FOR SPACE AERONOMY   (Belgium)

^e SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MARTIAN SURFACE ANALYSIS; NITRIC ACID; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROMETERS; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; NIGHTGLOW; UV SPECTRUM;

LIGHT EMISSION;

NITRIC OXIDE;

MARS;

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; DISSOCIATION; FREEZING; LIGHT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; WINTER;

ATMOSPHERE; CARBON DIOXIDE; EXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT; HYDROGEN; MARS; NITRIC OXIDE; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; SEASONS; SPACECRAFT; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, ULTRAVIOLET; TEMPERATURE; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 19944432374     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1106957     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. J. L. Fox, in Venus and Mars: Atmospheres, Ionospheres, and Solar Wind Interactions, J. Luhmann et al., Eds. [Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys. Union 66 (1992)], pp. 191-222.
2. C. A. Barth et al., J. Geophys. Res. 76, 2213 (1971).
3. C. A. Barth et al., in Mars, H. Kieffer et al., Eds, (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1992), pp. 1054-1089, and references therein.
4. J. L. Bertaux et al., Planet. Space Sci. 48, 1303 (2000).
5. J. L. Bertaux et al., Adv. Space Res., in press.
6. J. L. Bertaux et al., in Mars Express, A. Chicarro. Ed. (European Space Agency Special Publication SP1240, ESTEC, Netherlands, 2004), pp. 95-120.
7. The instantaneous field of view for bands 0 and 1 (narrow slit) is 0.02° by 0.32° parallel to the limb and 0.2° by 0.32° for bands 2 to 4 (wide slit). Projected at the limb distance of 1200 km, it corresponds to 0.4 km by 6.7 km and 4 km by 6.7 km, respectively, for the narrow and wide slit bands.
8. C. A. Barth, J. B. Pearce, K. K. Kelly, L. Wallace, W. G. Fastie, Science 158, 1675 (1967).
9. A. I. Stewart, D. E. Anderson Jr., L. W. Esposito, C. A. Barth, Science 203, 777 (1979).
10. P. D. Feldman, H. W. Moos, J. T. Clarke, A. L. Lane, Nature 279, 221 (1979).
11. A. I. Stewart, C. A. Barth, Science 205, 59 (1979).
12. A. I. Stewart, J. C. Gerard, D. W. Rusch, S. W. Bougher, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 7861 (1980).
13. S. W. Bougher, J. C. Gerard, A. I. F. Stewart, C. G. Fesen J. Geophys. Res. 95, 6271 (1990).
14. S. W. Bougher, M. J. Alexander, H. G. Mayr, in Venus II, S. W. Bougher, D. M. Hunten, R. J. Phillips, Eds. (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1997), pp. 259-291.
15. 2 density integrated along a line of sight). This shows how Lα emission observations on the night side can be used to determine the density profile around 100 km (and temperature from scale height).
16. These results agree with our night star occultation measurements (27).
17. 2.
18. J. C. Gerard, A. I. F. Stewart, S. W. Bougher, Geophys. Res. Lett. 8, 633 (1981).
19. A. E. Hedin, H. B. Niemann, W. T. Kasprzak, A. Seiff, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 73 (1983).
20. ZO. Assuming a spherical shell between 60 and 80 km with a constant NO δ band emissivity as suggested by Fig. 4, the ratio of horizontal to vertical intensity is 26.
21. J. C. Gerard, E. J. Deneye, H. Lehro, Icarus 75, 171 (1988).
22. R. P. McCoy, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 3197 (1983).
23. s = 90° at northern summer. Seasons are asymmetric between north and south, because Mars is much nearer to the Sun during southern summer (1.38 AU) than during northern summer (1.66 AU).
24. 2 condensation process on the winter pole on Mars can only emphasize this subsidence on Mars.
25. F. Forget et al., J. Ceophys. Res. 104, 24155 (1999).
26. G. M. Keating, M. Theriot, R. Tolson, in proceedings of Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observations Workshop, Grenada, Spain, CNES/ESA, 13 to 15 January 2003.
27. X. Quemerais et al., in preparation.
28. Mars Express is a space mission from European Space Agency (ESA). We wish to express our gratitude to all ESA members who participated in this successful mission, in particular M. Denis at European Space Operations Center for the delicate controlling of the spacecraft and R. Pischel and T. Zeghers at ESTEC for careful planning exercises and supporting geometry graphics. We thank also Astrium for the design and construction of the spacecraft, in particular A. Clochet, responsible for the payload; our collaborators at the three institutes for the design and fabrication of the instrument (Service d'Aéronomie, France; BIRA, Belgium; and IKI, Moscow); and CNRS and CNES for financing SPICAM in France, the Belgian government, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and NASA, for support of U.S. co-investigators.