Progressive cooling of the hyaloclastite ridge at Gjálp, Iceland, 1996-2005

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 170, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 218-229

  Jarosch, Alexander ^a   Gudmundsson, Magnus T ^a   Högnadóttir, Thórdís ^a   Axelsson, Gudni ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^b ICELAND GEOSURVEY   (Iceland)

Author keywords

geothermal activity; glacial erosion; ice flow; palagonitization; subglacial eruptions; volcano ice interaction

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; COOLING; EROSION; GLACIERS; ICE; VOLCANOES;

GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITY; GLACIAL EROSION; ICE FLOW;

GLACIAL GEOLOGY;

GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; GLACIAL EROSION; HEAT TRANSFER; HYALOCLASTITE; ICE; ICE FLOW; MAGMA; PERMEABILITY; SUBGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ICELAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 40649112379     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.10.012     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Alsdorf D.E., and Smith L.C. Interferometric SAR observations of ice topography and velocity changes related to the 1996, Gjalp subglacial eruption, Iceland. International Journal of Remote Sensing 20 (1999) 3031-3050
2. Bacon C.R. High temperature heat content and heat capacity of silicate glasses: experimental determination and a model for calculation. American Journal of Science 277 (1977) 109-135
3. Behrendt J.C., Blankenship D.D., Damaske D., and Cooper A.K. Glacial removal of late Cenozoic subglacially emplaced volcanic edifices by the West Antarctic ice sheet. Geology 23 (1995) 1111-1114
4. Benn D.I., and Evans D.J. Glaciers and Glaciation (1998), Oxford University Press, New York
5. Björnsson H. Hydrology of Ice Caps in Volcanic Regions. Rit XLV (1988), Societas Scientarium Islandica, Reykjavík
6. Björnsson H., Pálsson F., and Gudmundsson M.T. Vatnajökull, North-western Part: Ice Surface and Bedrock Maps. University of Iceland. National Power Company and Science Institute., Reykjavik (1992)
7. Björnsson H., Pálsson F., and Haraldsson H.H. Mass balance of Vatnajökull (1991-2001) and Langjökull (1996-2001). Jökull 51 (2002) 75-78
8. Björnsson H., Rott H., Gudmundsson S., Fischer A., Siegel A., and Gudmundsson M.T. Glacier-volcano interaction deduced by SAR interferometry. Journal of Glaciology 47 156 (2001) 58-70
9. Blankenship D.D., Bell R.E., Hodge S.M., Brozena J.M., Behrendt J.C., and Finn C.A. Active volcanism beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet and implications for ice-sheet stability. Nature 361 (1993) 526-529
10. Bourgeois O., Dauteuil O., and van Vliet-Lanoio{cyrillic} B. Pleistocene subglacial volcanism in Iceland: tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 164 (1998) 165-178
11. Cressie N.A.C. Statistics for Spatial Data (1991), John Wiley and Sons, New York
12. Dannowski, G., 2002. Untersuchungen des thermo-hydraulischen Feldes und der Wärmeflussdichte in der Nähe eines aktiven Mantelplumes (Insel Hawaii) mit Hilfe von Bohrlochtemperaturmessungen. Str02/03, Technis-che Universität Berlin.
13. DePaolo D.J., Stolper E.M., and Thomas D.M. Deep drilling into a Hawaiian Volcano. EOS Transactions 149 (2001) 154-155
14. Einarsson P., Brandsdóttir B., Gudmundsson M.T., Björnsson H.K.G., and Sigmundsson F. Center of the Icelandic hotspot experiences volcanic unrest. Eos 78 (1997) 369-375
15. Furnes H. Experimental palagonitization of basaltic glasses of varied composition. Contributions to Mineralology and Petrology 50 (1975) 105-113
16. Furnes H., Fridleifsson I.B., and Atkins F.B. Subglacial volcanics - on the formation of acid hyaloclastites. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 8 1 (1980) 95-110
17. Glen J.W. The creep of polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London A228 1175 (1955) 519-538
18. Gudmundsson M.T. Melting of ice by magma-ice-water interactions during subglacial eruptions as an indicator of heat transfer in subaqueous eruptions. In: White J.D.L., Smellie J.L., and Claque D.A. (Eds). Explosive Subaqueous Volcanism. American Geophysical Union, Monograph 140 (2003) 61-72
19. Gudmundsson M.T. Subglacial volcanic activity in Iceland. In: Caseldine C., Russel A., Hardardottir J., and Knudsen O. (Eds). Iceland - Modern Processes and Past Environments (2005), Elsevier 127-151
20. Gudmundsson M.T., Pálsson F., Björnsson H., and Högnadóttir Th. The hyaloclastite ridge formed in the subglacial 1996 eruption in Gjálp, Vatnajökull, Iceland: present day shape and future preservation. In: Smellie J.L., and Chapman J.L. (Eds). Volcano-Ice Interaction on Earth and Mars. Geological Society Vol. 202 (2002), London, Special Publications 319-335
21. Gudmundsson M.T., Sigmundsson F., and Björnsson H. Ice-volcano interaction of the 1996 Gjálp subglacial eruption, Vatnajökull, Iceland. Nature 389 (1997) 954-957
22. Gudmundsson M.T., Sigmundsson F., Björnsson H., and Högnadóttir T.h. The 1996 eruption at Gjálp, Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland: efficiency of heat transfer, ice deformation and subglacial water pressure. Bulletin of Volcanology 66 (2004) 46-65
23. Gudmundsson S., Gudmundsson M.T., Björnsson H., Sigmundsson F., Rott H., and Carstensen J.M. Three-dimensional glacier surface motion maps at Gjálp eruption site, Iceland, inferred from combining InSAR and other ice-displacement data. Annals of Glaciology 34 (2002) 315-322
24. Hickson C.J. Physical control and resulting morphologic forms of Quaternary ice-contact volcanoes in western Canada. Geomorphology 32 (2000) 239-261
25. Hogeweg N., Keith T.E.C., Colvard E.M., and Ingebritsen S.E. Ongoing hydrothermal heat loss from the 1912 ash-flow sheet, Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 143 (2005) 279-291
26. Ingebritsen S.E., and Sanford W.E. Groundwater in Geologic Processes (1999), University Press, Cambridge
27. Jakobsson S.P. On the Consolidation and Palagonization of the Tephra of the Surtsey Volcano Island, Iceland. Surtsey Research Progress Report VI (1972), Surtsey Research Society, Reykjavik
28. Jakobsson S.P. Environmental factors controlling the palagonization of the Surtsey tephra, Iceland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 27 (1978) 91-105
29. Jakobsson S.P. Outline of the petrology of Iceland. Jökull 29 (1979) 57-73
30. Jakobsson S.P., Gudmundsson M.T., Duncan R.A.,. Volcanism in the northern part of the West Volcanic Zone, first results of Ar-Ar dating (in Icelandic) (2003), Geoscience Society of Iceland 62 Spring Meeting Abstracts
31. Jakobsson S.P., and Moore J.G. Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland. Geological Society of America Bulletin 97 (1986) 648-659
32. Jarosch, A. H., 2008. Icetools: A full stokes finite element model for glaciers. Computers and Geosciences.
33. Jarosch A.H., and Gudmundsson M.T. Numerical studies of ice flow over subglacial geothermal heat sources at Grímsvötn, Iceland, using Full Stokes equations. Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface 112 (2007) 10.1029/2006JF000540 F02008
34. Jarosch, A. H., Gudmundsson, M. T., Högnadóttir, Th., 2005. Gjálp 2003-2005: Depression development, ice flux and heat output. Tech. Rep. RH-20-2005, Jardvísindastofnun Háskólans.
35. Jóhannesson, H., Saemundsson, K., 1998. Geological map of Iceland, 1: 500,000, Tectonics, 1st Edition. Icelandic Institute of Natural History.
36. Jones J.G. Intraglacial volcanoes of the Laugarvatn region, south-west Iceland - I. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London 124 (1969) 197-211
37. Kjartansson G. The geology of Árnessýsla district. Árnesingafélagid, Reykjavik (1943)
38. Larsen G., Gudmundsson M.T., and Björnsson H. Eight centuries of periodic volcanism at the center of the Iceland hotspot revealed by glacier tephrostratigraphy. Geology 26 (1998) 943-946
39. Lescinsky D.T., Fink J.H.,. Lava and ice interaction at stratovolcanoes: use of characteristic features to determine past glacial extents and future volcanic hazards. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth (2000) 105
40. In: Linstrom P.J., and Mallard W.G. (Eds). NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology (2005), Gaithersburg MD
41. Major J.J., and Newhall C.G. Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic-eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods - a global review. Bulletin of Volcanology 52 (1989) 1-27
42. Mathews W.H. "Tuyas", flat topped volcanoes in northern British Columbia. American Journal of Science 245 (1947) 560-570
43. Nye J.F. The distribution of stress and velocity in glaciers and ice sheets. Proceedings of the Royal Society London 239 (1957) 113-133
44. Oddsson B. Rock quality designation and drilling rate correlated with lithology and degree of alteration in volcanic rocks from the 1979. Surtsey drill hole. Surtsey Research Progress Report, IX (1982) 94-97
45. Paterson W.S.B. The Physics of Glaciers. 3rd Edition (2001), Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford
46. Petrenko V.F., and Whitworth R.W. Physics of Ice (1999), Oxford University Press, Oxford
47. Robertson E.C., and Peck D.L. Thermal conductivity of vesicular basalt from Hawaii. Journal of Geophysical Research 79 32 (1974) 4875-4888
48. Schopka H.H., Gudmundsson M.T., and Tuffen H. The formation of Helgafell, southwest Iceland, a monogenetic subglacial hyaloclastite ridge: sedimentology, hydrology and volcano-ice interaction. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 152 (2006) 359-377
49. Smellie J.L. Lithostratigraphy of Miocene-Recent, alkaline volcanic fields in the Antarctic Peninsula and eastern Ellsworth Land. Antarctic Science 11 (1999) 347-363
50. Smellie J.L. Encyclopedia of volcanoes (2000), Academic Press, San Diego 403-418 Ch. Subglacial eruptions
51. Stefansson V., Axelsson G., Sigurdsson O., Gudmundsson G., and Steingrimsson B. Thermal conditions of Surtsey. Journal of Geodynamics 4 (1985) 91-106
52. Steinthorsson S., Hardarson B.S., Ellam R.M., and Larsen G. Petrochemistry of the Gjálp-1996 subglacial eruption, Vatnajökull, SE Iceland. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 98 (2000) 79-90
53. Stroncik N.A., and Schmincke H.U. Palagonite - a review. International Journal of Earth Sciences 91 (2002) 680-697
54. Thorarinsson S. Surtsey. The New Island in the North Atlantic (1967), Viking Press, New York
55. Tuffen H., Gilbert J., and McGarvie D. Products of an effusive subglacial rhyolite eruption: Blahnukur, Torfajokull, Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology 63 (2001) 179-190
56. van Bemmelen R.W., and Rutten M.G. Table Mountains of Northern Iceland (1955), EJ Brill, Leiden
57. Wallace P., and Anderson Jr. A.T. Encyclopedia of volcanoes (2000), Academic Press, San Diego 149-170 Ch. Volatiles in Magmas
58. Wohletz K.H. Explosive magma-water interactions: thermodynamics, explosion mechanisms, and field studies. Bulletin of Volcanology 48 (1986) 245-264
59. Zimanowski B. Phreatomagmatic explosions. In: Freundt A., and Rosi M. (Eds). From Magma to Tephra (1998), Elsevier 25-54