Ice-volcano interaction of the 1996 Gjalp subglacial eruption, Vatnajokull, Iceland

Nature

Volumn 389, Issue 6654, 1997, Pages 954-957

  Gudmundsson, Magnús T ^a   Sigmundsson, Freysteinn ^b   Björnsson, Helgi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ICE;

GLACIER RESPONSE; GLACIER-VOLCANO INTERACTION; JOKULHLAUP; MELTWATER; SUBSIDENCE; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

ARTICLE; GEOLOGY; HEAT TRANSFER; ICELAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VOLCANO; WATER SUPPLY;

ICELAND, VATNAJOKULL;

EID: 0030657454     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/40122     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Major, J. J. & Newhall, C. H. Snow and ice perturbation during historical volcanic eruptions and the formation of lahars and floods. Bull. Volc. 15, 1-27 (1989).
2. Lowe, D. R. et al. Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia. Nature 324, 51-53 (1986).
3. Thorarinsson, S. Vötnin strio (Menningarsjóour, Reykjavik, 1974).
4. LeMasurier, W. E. in Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans (eds LeMasurier, W. E. & Thomson, J. W.) 1-17 (AGU, Antarctic Research Series 48, 1990).
5. Mathews, W. H. "Tuyas", flat-topped volcanoes in northern British Columbia. Am. J. Sci. 245, 560-570 (1947).
6. Kjartansson, G. Árnesingasaga (Árnesingafélagio, Reykjavík, 1943).
7. van Bemmelen, R. W. et al. Toblemountains of Northern Iceland (Brill, Leiden, 1955).
8. Jones, J. G. Intraglacial volcanoes of the Laugarvatn region, south-west Iceland-I. Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 124, 197-211 (1969).
9. Smellie, J. L. & Skilling, I. P. Products of subglacial volcanic eruptions under different ice thicknesses: two examples from Antarctica. Sedim. Geol. 91, 115-129 (1994).
10. Werner, R., Schminke, H. U. & Sigvaldason, G. A new model for the evolution of table mountains: volcanological and petrological evidence from Herdubreid and Herdubreidartögl volcanoes (Iceland). Geol. Rundsch. 85, 390-397 (1996).
11. Jakobsson, S. P. On the consolidation and palagonitization of the tephra of the Surtsey volcanic island, Iceland. Surtsey Research Progress Rep. VI, 121-128 (Surtsey Research Society, Reykjavik, 1972).
12. Jakobsson, S. P. Environmental factors controlling the palagonitization of the Surtsey tephra, Iceland. Bull Geol. Soc. Denmark 27, 91-105 (1978).
13. Jakobsson, S. P. & Moore, J. G. Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 97, 648-659 (1986).
14. Einarsson, P. et al. Center of the Iceland hotspot experiences volcanic unrest. Eos 78, 374-375 (1997).
15. Björnsson, H. Subglacial water reservoirs, jökulhlaups and volcanic eruptions. Jökull 25, 1-14 (1975).
16. Yokoyama, I. Energetics in active volcanos. Tokyo Univ. Earthq. Res. Inst. Bull. 35, 75-97 (1957).
17. Shimozuru, D. Discussion on the energy partition of volcanic eruption. Bull. Volcanol 32, 383-394 (1968).
18. Charmichael, I. S. E., Turner, E. J. & Verhogen, J. Igneous Petrology 128-130 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974).
19. Moore, J. G. Mechanism of formation of pillow lava. Am. Sci. 63, 269-277 (1975).
20. Bacon, C. R. High temperature heat content and heat capacity of silicate glasses: Experimental determination and a model for calculation. Am. J. Sci. 277, 109-135 (1977).
21. Oddson, B. Rock quality designation and drilling rate correlated with lithology and degree of alteration in volcanic rocks from the 1979 Surtsey drill hole. Surtsey Research Progress Rep. IX, 94-97 (Surtsey Research Society, Reykjavik, 1982).
22. Björnsson, H. Hydrology of ice caps in volcanic regions. Soc, Sci. Islandica 45, (Visindafélag Íslendinga, Reykjavik, 1988).
23. Gudmundsson, M. T. & Björnsson, H. Eruptions in Grímsvötn, Vatnajökull, Iceland, 1934-1991. Jökull 41, 21-45 (1991).
24. Blankenship, D. D. et al Active volcanism beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet and implications for ice-sheet stability. Nature 361, 526-529 (1993).
25. Kamb, B. et al Glacier surge mechanism: 1982-1983 surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska. Science 227, 469-479 (1985).
26. Björnsson, H. & Einarsson, P. Volcanoes beneath Vatnajökull, Iceland: Evidence from radio echo-sounding, earthquakes and jökulhlaups. Jökull 40, 147-168 (1990).
27. Björnsson, H., Björnsson, S. & Sigurgeirsson, Th. Penetration of water into hot rock boundaries of magma at Grímsvötn. Nature 295, 580-581 (1982).
28. Gudmundsson, M. T., Björnsson, H. & Pálsson, F. Changes in jökulhlaup sizes in Grímsvötn, Vatnajökull, Iceland, 1934-91, deduced from in-situ measurements of subglacial lake volume. J. Glaciol 41, 263-272 (1995).