24 GHz on-chip antennas and balun on bulk Si for air transmission

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 303-311

  Shamim, Atif ^a   Roy, Langis ^a   Fong, Neric ^b   Tarr, N Garry ^a  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b Marvell Semiconductor   (United States)

Author keywords

Balun; De embedding; Near field; On chip antenna; Radiation pattern

Indexed keywords

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MANUFACTURE; SIGNAL RECEIVERS; TRANSMITTERS;

BALUN; DE-EMBEDDING; ON-CHIP ANTENNA;

DIRECTIONAL PATTERNS (ANTENNA);

EID: 40649096189     PISSN: 0018926X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2007.915421     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. K. Kihong, H. Yoon, and K. K. O, "On-chip wireless interconnection with integrated antennas," in Proc. IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting Dec. 2000, pp. 485-488.
2. K. Kim and K. K. O, "Characteristics of integrated dipole antennas on bulk, SOI and SOS substrates for wireless communication," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Interconnect Tech., Jun. 1998, pp. 21-23.
3. A. Rashid, S. Watanabe, and T. Kikkawa, "High transmission gain integrated antenna on extremely high resistivity Si for ULSI wireless interconnect," IEEE Electron Device Lett., pp. 731-733, Dec. 2002.
4. R. Li, W. Bomstad, J. Caserta, X. Guo, and O. Kenneth, "Evaluation of integrated antennas for wireless connection between an integrated circuit and an off-chip antenna," in Proc. IEEE Interconnect Technology Conf., Jun. 2003, pp. 120-122.
5. K. T. Chan, A. Chin, Y. B. Chen, Y. Lin, T. S. Duh, and W. J. Lin, "Integrated antennas on Si, proton-implanted Si and Si-on-quartz," in Proc. IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting, Dec. 2001, pp. 40.6.1-40.6.4.
6. K. T. Chan et al., "Integrated antennas on Si with over 100 GHz performance, fabricated using an optimized proton implantation process," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., pp. 487-489, Nov. 2003.
7. M. Singer, K. M. Strohm, J. Luy, and E. Biebl, "Active SIMMWIC-antenna for automotive applications," in IEEE MTT-S Digest, Jun. 1997, pp. 1265-1268.
8. P. M. Mendes, S. Sinaga, A. Polyakov, M. Bartek, J. Burghartz, and J. Correia, "Wafer-level integration of on-chip antennas and RF passives using high-resistivity polysilicon substrate technology," in Proc. IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conf., Jun. 2004, pp. 1879-1884.
9. J. Lin, X. Guo, R. Li, J. Branch, J. Brewer, and K. K. O, "10/spl times/improvement of power transmission over free space using integrated antennas on silicon substrates," in Proc. IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., Oct. 2004, pp. 697-700.
10. Y. P. Zhang, M. Sun, and L. H. Guo, "On-chip antennas for 60-GHz radios in silicon technology," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, pp. 1-5, Jul. 2005.
11. A. Babakhani, X. Guan, A. Komijani, A. Natarajan, and A. Hajimiri, "A 77-GHz phased-array transceiver with on-chip antennas in silicon: Receiver and antennas," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2795-2806, Dec. 2006.
12. L. Guo et al., "A small OCA on a 1/spl times/0.5-mm/sup 2/ 2.45-GHz RFID tag-design and integration based on CMOS-compatible technology," IEEE Electron Device Lett., pp. 96-98, Feb. 2006.
13. A. Shamim, L. Roy, G. Tarr, V. Levenets, and N. Fong, "24 GHz differential integrated antennas in 10/spl Omega/-cm bulk silicon," in Proc. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symp., Jul. 2005, vol. 1A, pp. 536-539.
14. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1997, p. 86.
15. N. Zamdmer et al., "Suitability of scaled SOI CMOS for high-frequency analog circuits," in Proc. 32nd Euro. Solid-State Device Research Conf., Sep. 2002, pp. 511-514.
16. T. Nguyen and S. Lee, "Noise and gain optimization technique for RF-integrated CMOS low noise amplifier," in Proc. IEEE Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits Conf., Dec. 2003, pp. 221-224.
17. M. Egels, J. Gaubert, P. Pannier, and S. Bourdel, "Design method for fully integrated CMOS RF LNA," IEEE Electron. Lett., pp. 1513-1514, Nov. 2004.
18. E. Ojefors, E. Sonmez, S. Chartier, P. Lindberg, C. Schick, A. Rydberg, and H. Schumacher, "Monolithic integration of a folded dipole antenna with a 24-GHz receiver in SiGe HBT technology," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1467-1475, Jul. 2007.
19. A. T. Kolsrud, M. Y. Li, and K. Chang, "Dual-frequency electronically tunable CPW-fed CPS dipole antenna," IEEE Electron. Lett., pp. 609-611, Apr. 1998.
20. H. R. Chuang and L. C. Kuo, "3-D FDTD design analysis of a 2.4-GHz polarization-diversity printed dipole antenna with integrated balun and polarization-switching circuit for WLAN and wireless communication applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., pp. 374-381, Feb. 2003.
21. "Ensemble User Manual," ver. 8, Ansoft Corp., 2001.
22. A. Shamim, L. Roy, G. Tarr, V. Levenets, and N. Fong, "On-chip antennas: Calibration and de-embedding considerations," in Proc. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conf., May 2005, pp. 463-466.
23. Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) [Online]. Available: http:// www.eesof.tm.agilent.com/products/ads_main.html
24. Y. Imaizumi, H. Kamitsuna, M. Shimizu, and H. Ogawa, "Novel planar antenna measurement techniques with electro-optic sampling (EOS)," in Proc. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symp., Jun. 1994, pp. 250-253.
25. N. Rainee and R. Q. Lee, "On-wafer characterization of millimeter-wave antennas for wireless applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., pp. 92-96, Jan. 1999.
26. L. Roy, M. Li, S. Labonte, and N. Simons, "Measurement techniques for integrated-circuit slot antennas," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. pp. 1000-1004, Aug. 1997.
27. B. M. Frank, A. Freundorfer, and Y. Antar, "Measurement techniques for high frequency integrated antennas," in Proc. 20th Annual Antenna Measurement Techniques Assoc., 1998, pp. 298-302.
28. J. Lin, A. Sugavanam, L. Gao, J. Brewer, and K. K. O, "On-wafer measurement setups for on-chip antennas fabricated on silicon substrates," in Proc. Automatic RF Techniques Group Microwave Measurements Conf., Dec. 2004, pp. 221-225.
29. J. Lin et al., "Integrated antennas on silicon substrates for communication over free space," IEEE Electron Device Lett., pp. 196-198, Apr. 2004.
30. Z. Ouardirhi and J. J. Laurin, "Experimental characterization of miniature near-field probes," in Proc. URSI General Assembly, Aug. 2002, pp. ABP-4-1-ABP-4-4.
31. J. J. Laurin, J. Zurcher, and F. Gardiol, "Near-field diagnostics of small printed antennas using the equivalent magnetic current approach," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., pp. 814-828, May 2001.