When fairness is especially important: Reactions to being inequitably paid in communal relationships

Social Justice Research

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 86-105

  Peters, Susanne L ^a   Van Den Bos, Kees ^b  

^a Ministerie van Justitie   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Communal relationships; Equity; Fairness; Friends; Inequity; Unknown others

Indexed keywords

EID: 40549139118     PISSN: 08857466     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11211-007-0056-6     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, (Vol. 2, pp. 267-299). New York: Academic Press.
2. Aron, A., & Aron, E. N. (1986). Love as the expansion of self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction. New York: Hemisphere.
3. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253.
4. Austin, W., McGinn, N. C., & Susmilch, C. (1980). Internal standards revisited: Effects of social comparisons and expectancies on judgments of fairness and satisfaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 426-441.
5. Austin, W., & Walster, E. (1974). Reactions to confirmations and disconformations of expectancies of equity and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 208-216.
6. Boles, T. L., & Messick, D. M. (1995). A reverse outcome bias: The influence of multiple reference points on the evaluation of outcomes and decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 61, 262-275.
7. Brewer, M. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
8. Brockner, J., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. (1996). An integrative framework for explaining reactions to decisions: Interactive effects of outcomes and procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 189-208.
9. Buunk, B. P., & Van Yperen, N. W. (1989). Social comparison, equality, and relationship satisfaction: Gender differences over a ten-year period. Social Justice Research 3, 157-180.
10. Buunk, B. P., & Van Yperen, N. W. (1991). Referential comparisons, relational comparisons, and exchange orientation: Their relation to marital satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 709-717.
11. Clark, M. S. (1984). Record keeping in two types of relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 549-557.
12. Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1979). Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 12-24.
13. Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1993). The difference between communal and exchange relationships: What it is and is not. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 684-691.
14. Clark, M. S., Mills, J., & Corcoran, D. M. (1989). Keeping track of needs and inputs of friends and strangers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 533-542.
15. Clark, M. S., Ouellette, R., Powell, M. C., & Milberg, S. (1987). Recipient's mood, relationship type, and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 94-103.
16. Deutsch, M. (1975). Equity, equality, or need? What determines which value will be used as the basis of distributive justice? The Journal of Social Issues 31, 137-149.
17. Ellemers, N. (2001). Individual upward mobility and the perceived legitimacy of intergroup relations. In J. T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Folger, R. (1984). The sense of injustice: Social psychological perspectives. New York: Plenum Press.
19. Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
20. Greenberg, J. (1987). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12, 9-22.
21. Hatfield, E. (1982). Passionate love, compassionate love, and intimacy. In M. Fisher & G. Stricker (Eds.), Intimacy (pp. 267-292). New York: Plenum Press.
22. Hegtvedt, K. A. (1990). The effects of relationship structure on emotional responses to inequity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 214-228.
23. Hobbes, T. (1651/1904). Leviathan, or matter, forme and power of a commonwealth ecclesiastical and civil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. Ito, T. A., Larsen, J. T., Smith, N. K., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1998). Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 887-900.
25. Jost, J. T., Burgess, D., & Mosso, C. O. (2001). Conflicts among legitimation among self, group, and system: The integrative potential of system justification theory. In J. T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
27. Kirk, R. E. (1982). Experimental design: Procedures for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Belmont: Brooks/Cole.
28. Komorita, S. S., & Chertkoff, J. M. (1973). A bargaining theory of coalition formation. Psychological Review, 80, 149-162.
29. Lamm, H., & Schwinger, T. (1980). Norms concerning distributive justice: Are needs taken into consideration in allocation decisions? Social Psychology Quarterly, 43, 425-429.
30. Lerner, M. J. (1980). The belief in a just world. New York: Plenum Press.
31. Lerner M. J. (1981). The justice motive in human relations: Some thoughts on what we know and need to know about justice. In M. J. Lerner & S. C. Lerner (Eds.), The justice motive in social behavior adapting to times of scarcity and change, (pp. 47-70). New York: Plenum Press.
32. Leventhal G. S. (1976). The distribution of rewards and resources in groups and organizations. In L. Berkowitz & E. Walster (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology: Equity theory, toward a general theory of social interaction, (Vol. 9, pp. 91-131). New York: Academic Press.
33. Loewenstein G. F., Thompson, L., & Bazerman, M. H. (1989). Social utility and decision making in interpersonal contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 426-441.
34. Major, B., & Schmader, T. (2001). Legitimacy and the construal of social disadvantage. In J. T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. McDonald, G. W. (1981). Structural exchange and marital interaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 825-839.
36. Messick, D. M. (1993). Equality as a decision heuristic. In B. A. Mellers & J. Baron (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on justice: Theory and applications, (pp. 11-31). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Messick, D. M., & Sentis, K. (1985). Estimating social and nonsocial utility functions from ordinal data. European Journal of Social Psychology, 15, 389-399.
38. Mikula, G., & Wenzel, M. (2000). Justice and social conflict. International Journal of Psychology, 35, 126-135.
39. Mills J. & Clark M. S. (1982). Communal and exchange relationships. In L. Wheeler (Ed), Review of personality and social psychology, (Vol. 3, pp. 121-144). Beverly Hills: Sage.
40. Montada, L. (2002). Doing justice to the justice motive. In M. Ross & D. T. Miller (Eds.), The justice motive in everyday life, (pp. 41-62). New York: Cambridge University Press.
41. Peters, S. L., Van den Bos, K., & Bobocel, D. R. (2004). The moral superiority effect: Self versus other differences in satisfaction with being overpaid. Social Justice Research, 17, 257-273.
42. Peters, S. L., Van den Bos, K., & Karremans, J. C. (2005). On the psychology of the advantaged: How people react to being overpaid. Manuscript submitted for publication.
43. Schwartz, B. (1986). The battle for human nature. New York: Norton.
44. Sidanius, J., Levin, S., Frederico, C. M., & Pratto, F. (2001). Legitimizing ideologies: The social dominance approach. In J. T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1989). Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation: A review of explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131-142.
46. Spears, R., Jetten, J., & Doosje, B. (2001). The (il)legitimacy of ingroup bias: From social reality to social resistance. In J. T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The psychology of legitimacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations, (pp. 33-47). CA: Brooks/Cole, Monterey.
48. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). Classification and quantitative judgment. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101-114.
49. Taylor, S. E. (1991). Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events: The mobilization-minimization hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 67-85.
50. Tyler, T. R., & Smith, H. J. (1998). Social justice and social movements. In D. T. Gilbert & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology, (Vol. 2, 4th edn., pp. 595-629). New York: McGraw-Hill.
51. Van den Bos, K. (1999). What are we talking about when we talk about no-voice procedures? On the psychology of the fair outcome effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 560-577.
52. Van den Bos, K., Lind, E. A., Vermunt, R., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1997). How do I judge my outcome when I do not know the outcome of others? The psychology of the fair process effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1034-1046.
53. Van den Bos, K., Peters, S. L., Bobocel, D. R., & Ybema, J. F. (2006). On preferences and doing the right thing: Satisfaction with advantageous inequity when cognitive processing is limited. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 273-289.
54. Van den Bos, K., & Van Prooijen, J. W. (2001). Referent cognitions theory: The role of closeness of reference points in the psychology of voice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 616-626.
55. Van den Bos, K., Vermunt, R., & Wilke, H. A. M. (1997). Procedural and distributive justice: What is fair depends more on what comes first than on what comes next. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 95-104.
56. Van den Bos, K., Wilke, H. A. M., Lind E. A., & Vermunt, R. (1998). Evaluating outcomes by means of the fair process effect: Evidence for different processes in fairness and satisfaction judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1493-1503.
57. Van Yperen, N., & Buunk, B. P. (1990). A longitudinal study of equity and satisfaction in intimate relationships. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 287-309.
58. Van Yperen, N., & Buunk, B. P. (1991). Equity theory and exchange and communal orientation from a cross-national perspective. The journal of Social Psychology, 131, 5-20.
59. Van Yperen, N. W., & Buunk, B. P. (1994). Social comparison and social exchange in marital relationships. In M. J. Lerner & G. Mikula (Eds.), Entitlement and the affectional bond: Justice in close relationships, (pp. 89-115). New York: Plenum Press.
60. Walster, E., Berscheid, E., & Walster, G. W. (1973). New directions in equity research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 151-176.
61. Walster, E., Walster, G. W., & Berscheid, E. (1978). Equity: Theory and research. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
62. Wicker, A. W., & Bushweiler, G. (1970). Perceived fairness & pleasantness of social exchange situations: Two factorial studies of inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15, 63-75.