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For references on 5.n-spirolactams (where n ≠ 4), see: Fernández, M. M.; Diez, A.; Rubiralta, M.; Montenegro, E.; Casamitjana, N.; Kogan, M. J.; Giralt, E. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 7587-7599 and references therein.
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The "R" and "S" configurations at the spiranic carbon of spirolactam induce different conformations when incorporated in a peptide: (a) Brown, J. R.; Clegg, S. P.; Ewan, G. B.; Hagan, R. M.; Ireland, S. J.; Jordan, C. C.; Porter, B.; Ross, B. C.; Ward, P. In Molecular Recognition: Chemical and Biochemical Problems; Roberts, S. M., Ed.; Royal Society of Chemistry Special Publication No. 78; Royal Society of Chemistry: Lechtworth, 1989; pp 94-111.
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14
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4043087186
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note
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Staudinger reaction proceeds via ketene mechanism when base is used in conjunction with an acid chloride. In the absence of a base, a direct attack of the imine on acid chloride is the first step in the mechanism.
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19
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0000766975
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Georg, G. I., Ed.; VCH: New York
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For variety of mechanistic possibilities for Staudinger reaction, see: Georg, G. I.; Ravikumar, V. T. In The Organic Chemistry of β-lactams; Georg, G. I., Ed.; VCH: New York 1992; pp 295-368.
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Ravikumar, V.T.2
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The alkene protons of 10 resonate at 6.07 and 5.83 ppm suggesting that the double bond is between C-7 and C-8; see: Donohoe, T. J.; House D. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 5015-5018. Lack of signals at about 7.0 ppm precludes the possibility of a C-6, C-7 double bond in 10; see: Oliveira, D. F.; Miranda, P. C. M. L.; Correia, C. R. D. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6646-6652. In any event, the position of the double bond was immaterial to the outcome of the project.
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House, D.2
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0032887207
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The alkene protons of 10 resonate at 6.07 and 5.83 ppm suggesting that the double bond is between C-7 and C-8; see: Donohoe, T. J.; House D. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 5015-5018. Lack of signals at about 7.0 ppm precludes the possibility of a C-6, C-7 double bond in 10; see: Oliveira, D. F.; Miranda, P. C. M. L.; Correia, C. R. D. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 6646-6652. In any event, the position of the double bond was immaterial to the outcome of the project.
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26
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4043125534
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Unpublished results
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Lactam nitrogen of racemic 14 was deprotected using CAN in 30% unoptimized yield to afford the azetidinone 15. Further application of azetidinones such as 15 in optically active form toward synthesis of novel β-turns will be reported in due course: Siegel, D.; Khasanov, A.; Thiruvazhi, M. Unpublished results.
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Siegel, D.1
Khasanov, A.2
Thiruvazhi, M.3
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