On perceptions of fairness: The role of valuations, outside options, and information in ultimatum bargaining games

Experimental Economics

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 49-73

  Schmitt, Pamela M ^a  

^a UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bargaining; Experiments; Fairness; Ultimatum games

Indexed keywords

EID: 4043153461     PISSN: 13864157     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1026210021955     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Abbink, K., Bolton, G., Sadrieh, A., and Tang, F. (2001). "Adaptive Learning versus Punishment in Ultimatum Bargaining." Games and Economic Behavior. 37, 1-25.
2. Binmore, K., Shaked, A., and Sutton, J. (1989). "An Outside Option Experiment." Quarterly Journal of Economics. 104(4), 753-770.
3. Boles, T.L., Croson, R.A., and Murnighan, J.K. (2002). "Deception and Retribution in Repeated Ultimatum Bargaining." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, in press.
4. Bolton, G. (1991). "A Comparative Model of Bargaining: Theory and Evidence." American Economic Review. 81(5), 1096-1136.
5. Bolton, G. and Ockenfels, A. (2000). "ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition." American Economic Review. 90, 166-193.
6. Bolton, G. and Zwick, R. (1995). "Anonymity versus Punishment in Ultimatum Bargaining." Games and Economic Behavior. 10, 95-121.
7. Camerer, C., Loewenstein, G., and Weber, M. (1989). "The Curse of Knowledge in Economic Settings: An Experimental Analysis." Journal of Political Economy. 97(5), 1232-1254.
8. Croson, R. (1996). "Information in Ultimatum Games: An Experimental Study." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 30, 197-212.
9. Croson, R.A., Boles, T.L., and Murnighan, J.K. "Cheap Talk in Bargaining Experiments: Lying and Threats in Ultimatum Games." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. Forthcoming.
10. Fehr, E. and Schmidt, K.M. (1999). "A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation." Quarterly Journal of Economics. 114(3), 817-868.
11. Forsythe, R., Horowitz, J.L., Savin, N.E., and Sefton, M. (1994). "Fairness in Simple Bargaining Experiments." Games and Economic Behavior. 6(3), 347-369.
12. Güth, W., Huck, S., and Müller, W. (2001). "The Relevance of Equal Splits in Ultimatum Games." Games and Economic Behavior. 37, 161-169.
13. Güth, W., Huck, S., and Ockenfels, P. (1996). "Two-Level Ultimatum Bargaining with Incomplete Information: An Experimental Study." The Economic Journal. 106, 593-604.
14. Güth, W. and Tietz, R. (1990). "Ultimatum Bargaining Behavior: A Survey and Comparison of Experimental Results." Journal of Economic Psychology. 11, 471-449.
15. Kagel, J., Kim, C., and Moser, D. (1996). "Fairness in Ultimatum Games with Asymmetric Information and Asymmetric Payoffs." Games and Economic Behavior. 13, 100-110.
16. Kagel, J. and Wolfe, K.W. (2001). "Tests of Fairness Models Based on Equity Considerations in a Three-Person Ultimatum Game." Experimental Economics. 4(3), 203-219.
17. Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J.L., and Thaler, R.H. (1986). "Fairness and the Assumptions of Economics." Journal of Business. 59(4, Part 2), s285-s300.
18. Knez, M. and Camerer, C. (1995). "Outside Options and Social Comparison in Three-Player Ultimatum Game Experiments." Games and Economic Behavior. 10, 65-94.
19. Mitzkewitz, M. and Nagel, R. (1993). "Envy, Greed and Anticipation in Ultimatum Games with Incomplete Information: An Experimental Study." International Journal of Game Theory. 22, 171-198.
20. Pillutla, M.M. and Murnighan, J.K. (1996). "Unfairness, Anger, and Spite: Emotional Rejections of Ultimatum Offers." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 68, 208-224.
21. Rapoport, A. and Sundali, J.A. (1996). "Ultimatums in Two-Person Bargaining with One-Sided Uncertainty: Offer Games." International Journal of Game Theory. 25, 475-494.
22. Rapoport, A., Sundali, J.A., and Seale, D.A. (1996). "Ultimatums in Two-Person Bargaining with One-Sided Uncertainty: Demand Games." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 30, 173-196.
23. Roth, A. (1995). "Bargaining Experiments." In J. Kagel and A. Roth (eds.), Handbook of Experimental Economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
24. Roth, A. and Murnighan, J.K. (1982). "The Role of Information in Bargaining: An Experimental Study." Econometrica. 50, 1123-1142.
25. Seale, D.A., Daniel, T.E., and Rapoport, A. (2001). "The Information Advantage in Two-Person Bargaining with Incomplete Information." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 44, 177-200.
26. Straub, P.G. and Murnighan, J.K. (1995). "An experimental Investigation of Ultimatum Games: Information, Fairness, Expectations, and Lowest Acceptable Offers." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 27, 345-364.