메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 59, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 339-353

Safety assessment of diammonium phosphate and urea used in the manufacture of cigarettes

Author keywords

Cigarette smoke; Cigarette smoke condensates; DAP; Diammonium phosphate; Safety assessment; Urea

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE; TOBACCO SMOKE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UREA;

EID: 40149087982     PISSN: 09402993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.11.015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (29)
  • 1
    • 0016685233 scopus 로고
    • Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test
    • B.N. Ames J. McCann E. Yamasaki Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella /mammalian microsome mutagenicity test Mutat Res 31 1975 347 364
    • (1975) Mutat Res , vol.31 , pp. 347-364
    • Ames, B.N.1    McCann, J.2    Yamasaki, E.3
  • 2
    • 0141903783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effectiveness of Salmonella strains for detecting mutagenicity of a cigarette smoke condensate
    • J.T. Avalos T.E. Lawlor K.W. Fowler B.R. Bombick D.J. Doolittle A comparison of the effectiveness of Salmonella strains for detecting mutagenicity of a cigarette smoke condensate Environ Mol Mutagenesis 37 Suppl. 32 2001 4
    • (2001) Environ Mol Mutagenesis , vol.37 , Issue.Suppl. 32 , pp. 4
    • Avalos, J.T.1    Lawlor, T.E.2    Fowler, K.W.3    Bombick, B.R.4    Doolittle, D.J.5
  • 3
    • 0035114745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subchronic inhalation by rats of mainstream smoke from a cigarette that primarily heats tobacco compared to a cigarette that burns tobacco
    • P.H. Ayres J.R. Hayes M.A. Higuchi A.T. Mosberg J.W. Sagartz Subchronic inhalation by rats of mainstream smoke from a cigarette that primarily heats tobacco compared to a cigarette that burns tobacco Inhal Toxicol 13 2001 149 186
    • (2001) Inhal Toxicol , vol.13 , pp. 149-186
    • Ayres, P.H.1    Hayes, J.R.2    Higuchi, M.A.3    Mosberg, A.T.4    Sagartz, J.W.5
  • 4
    • 85120239905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belgium. Royal decree relating to the manufacture and marketing of tobacco-based and similar products (13 August 1990). Moniteur Belge 5 January 1990. p. 118–29.
  • 5
    • 0020049498 scopus 로고
    • An empirical approach to the statistical analysis of mutagenesis data from the Salmonella test
    • L. Bernstein J. Kaldor J. McCann M.C. Pike An empirical approach to the statistical analysis of mutagenesis data from the Salmonella test Mutat Res 97 1982 267 281
    • (1982) Mutat Res , vol.97 , pp. 267-281
    • Bernstein, L.1    Kaldor, J.2    McCann, J.3    Pike, M.C.4
  • 6
    • 0032549421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco. Part 2. In vitro toxicology of mainstream smoke condensate
    • B.R. Bombick H. Murli J.T. Avalos D.W. Bombick W.T. Morgan K.P. Putnam Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco. Part 2. In vitro toxicology of mainstream smoke condensate Food Chem Toxicol 36 1998 183 190
    • (1998) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.36 , pp. 183-190
    • Bombick, B.R.1    Murli, H.2    Avalos, J.T.3    Bombick, D.W.4    Morgan, W.T.5    Putnam, K.P.6
  • 7
    • 18244424603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco. Part 1. Chemical composition of mainstream smoke
    • M.F. Borgerding J.A. Bodnar H.L. Chung P.P. Mangan C.C. Morrison C.H. Risner Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco. Part 1. Chemical composition of mainstream smoke Food Chem Toxicol 36 1998 169 182
    • (1998) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.36 , pp. 169-182
    • Borgerding, M.F.1    Bodnar, J.A.2    Chung, H.L.3    Mangan, P.P.4    Morrison, C.C.5    Risner, C.H.6
  • 8
    • 0004280720 scopus 로고
    • The design of cigarettes
    • C.L. Browne The design of cigarettes 3rd ed 1990 Hoechst Celanese Corporation p. 90–100
    • (1990)
    • Browne, C.L.1
  • 9
    • 0034433874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the mainstream smoke chemistry and mutagenicity of a representative sample of the US cigarette market with two Kentucky reference cigarettes (K1R4F and K1R5F)
    • T.A. Chepiga M.J. Morton P.A. Murphy J.T. Avalos B.R. Bombick D.J. Doolittle A comparison of the mainstream smoke chemistry and mutagenicity of a representative sample of the US cigarette market with two Kentucky reference cigarettes (K1R4F and K1R5F) Food Chem Toxicol 38 2000 949 962
    • (2000) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 949-962
    • Chepiga, T.A.1    Morton, M.J.2    Murphy, P.A.3    Avalos, J.T.4    Bombick, B.R.5    Doolittle, D.J.6
  • 10
    • 85120260289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Czech Republic. Ministry of Agriculture. Ordinance stipulating the requirements for tobacco products. Collection of regulations of the Czech Republic. No. 344/2003 Coll. Appendix no. 2. 2003.
  • 11
    • 0025060213 scopus 로고
    • Genetic toxicology studies comparing the activity of sidestream smoke from cigarettes which burn or only heat tobacco
    • D.J. Doolittle C.K. Lee J.L. Ivett J.C. Mirsalis E. Riccio C.J. Rudd Genetic toxicology studies comparing the activity of sidestream smoke from cigarettes which burn or only heat tobacco Mutat Res 240 1990 59 72
    • (1990) Mutat Res , vol.240 , pp. 59-72
    • Doolittle, D.J.1    Lee, C.K.2    Ivett, J.L.3    Mirsalis, J.C.4    Riccio, E.5    Rudd, C.J.6
  • 12
    • 85120282783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA, Bureau of foods. Toxicological principles for the safety assessment of direct food additives and color additives used in food. National Technical Information Service. 1982.
  • 13
    • 85120255456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Toxicological principles for the safety assessment of direct food additives and color additives used in food – “Redbook II”. Accessed July 7, 2005. 1993 〈 http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~redbook/redtoc93.html 〉.
  • 14
    • 85120241116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA, Department of Health and Human Services. Code of federal regulations. 21 CFR § 184.1141b Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe, diammonium phosphate, dibasic; and 21 CFR § 184.1923 Direct food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe, urea. Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration. 2003.
  • 15
    • 85120265037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • France. Ministry of Economy and Finance/Ministry of Public Health and Social Security. Order of the 12th September 1995 relating to additives authorized for use in the manufacture of tobacco products and of their substitutes. Off J Fr Repub 1995.
  • 16
    • 85120264407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hungary. Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development. Joint decree No. 102/2005 FVM on the manufacture, distribution and monitoring of tobacco products. Hung Gaz 2005.
  • 17
    • 85120281292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ireland. Ireland Department of Health. Arrangements agreed with the department of health for the use of additives in tobacco products. Department of Health, 15 July 1981.
  • 18
    • 85120248411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithuania. Standardization Department of Lithuania. Cigarettes: general specifications. Standard of Lithuania LST 1274. 1997.
  • 19
    • 0020533372 scopus 로고
    • Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test
    • D.M. Maron B.N. Ames Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test Mutat Res 113 1983 173 215
    • (1983) Mutat Res , vol.113 , pp. 173-215
    • Maron, D.M.1    Ames, B.N.2
  • 20
    • 1642378592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A responsive, sensitive, and reproducible dermal tumor promotion assay for the comparative evaluation of cigarette smoke condensates
    • D.R. Meckley J.R. Hayes K.R. Van Kampen A.T. Mosberg J.E. Swauger A responsive, sensitive, and reproducible dermal tumor promotion assay for the comparative evaluation of cigarette smoke condensates Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 39 2004 135 149
    • (2004) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 135-149
    • Meckley, D.R.1    Hayes, J.R.2    Van Kampen, K.R.3    Mosberg, A.T.4    Swauger, J.E.5
  • 21
    • 85120281321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norman A, Jones EC. The history of cigarette design. In: Recent advances in tobacco science – responding to changes in our industry; Presentation at Tobacco Science Research Conference Atlanta, vol. 24, Georgia, September 13–16, 1998. p. 3–64.
  • 22
    • 0016328318 scopus 로고
    • New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids
    • P. Perry S. Wolf New Giemsa method for the differential staining of sister chromatids Nature 251 5471 1974 156 158
    • (1974) Nature , vol.251 , Issue.5471 , pp. 156-158
    • Perry, P.1    Wolf, S.2
  • 24
    • 85120264617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS). Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Certain Ammonium Salts as Food Ingredients. Report no. SCOGS-34. Contract no. FDA 72–85. Publication no. PB 254 532. Life Sciences Research Office, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1974.
  • 25
    • 34248963252 scopus 로고
    • Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
    • S. Siegel Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences 1956 McGraw-Hill Book Company 131pp
    • (1956)
    • Siegel, S.1
  • 26
    • 85120281674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slovak Republic. Ministry of Agriculture of the Slovak Republic and the Ministry of Public Health of the Slovak Republic. Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Slovak Republic and the Ministry of Public Health of the Slovak Republic, dated October 19, 1998, Ref. no. 2015/1998-100 on Issuance of the Chapter Regulating Tobacco Products Within the S.R. Food Code. Part Three. Special Requirements. Tobacco Products. 1998 [chapter 29].
  • 27
    • 0036085046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the mainstream smoke chemistry of samples of the US cigarette market acquired between 1995 and 2000
    • J.E. Swauger T.J. Steichen P.A. Murphy S. Kinsler An analysis of the mainstream smoke chemistry of samples of the US cigarette market acquired between 1995 and 2000 Regul Toxicol Phamacol 35 2002 142 156
    • (2002) Regul Toxicol Phamacol , vol.35 , pp. 142-156
    • Swauger, J.E.1    Steichen, T.J.2    Murphy, P.A.3    Kinsler, S.4
  • 28
    • 85120277998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Kingdom. United Kingdom Department of Health. Permitted additives to tobacco products in the United Kingdom. Department of Health, London. 2003.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.