Is there a link between hypospadias and organochlorine exposure in East Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris)?

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 391-395

  Sonne, Christian ^a   Dietz, Rune ^a   Born, Erik W ^b   Leifsson, Pall S ^c   Andersen, Steen ^d  

^a NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Denmark)

^b GREENLAND INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES   (Greenland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^d HuntersSciencecom   (Denmark)

Author keywords

PCB; Canis familiaris; East Greenland; Hypospadias; Organochlorines; Polar bear; Ringed seal; Sledge dog; TEQ; Xenoendocrine disrupters

Indexed keywords

ORGANOCHLORINE DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; XENOBIOTIC AGENT;

BEAR; CANID; DAM; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; HERMAPHRODITISM; ORGANOCHLORINE; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; PINNIPED; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; TUMOR;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DOG; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GENITAL MALFORMATION; HERMAPHRODITISM; HYPOSPADIAS; MALE; MEASUREMENT; NONHUMAN; REPRODUCTION; SEAL; SPERMATOGENESIS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; DIETARY FATS; DOGS; FEMALE; GREENLAND; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; HYPOSPADIAS; MALE; PENIS; TESTIS; URETHRA; WHALES;

ARCTIC; EAST GREENLAND; GREENLAND;

CANIS FAMILIARIS; PHOCA HISPIDA; URSUS MARITIMUS;

EID: 39849109409     PISSN: 01476513     EISSN: 10902414     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.09.008     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. AMAP, 2004. AMAP Assessment 2002: Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo.
2. Baskin L.S., Himes K., and Colborn T. Hypospadias and endocrine disruptions: is there a connection?. Environ. Health Perspect. 109 (2001) 1175-1183
3. Beleza-Meireles, A., Kockum, I., Lundberg, F., Soderhall, C., Nordenskjold, A., 2007. Risk factors for hypospaeias in the estrogen receptor 2 gene. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., PMID: 17579196.
4. Bergeron J.M., Willingham E., Osborn C.T., Rhen T., and Crews D. Developmental synergism of steroidal estrogens in sex determination. Environ. Health Perspect. 107 2 (1999) 93-97
5. Bernhoft A., Skaare J.U., Wiig Ø., Derocher A.E., and Larsen H.J.S. Possible immunotoxic effects of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 57 7 (2000) 561-574
6. Boisen K.A., Chellakooty M., Schmidt I.M., Kai C.M., Damgaard I.N., Suomi A.M., Toppari J., Skakkebaek N.E., and Main K.M. Hypospadias in a cohort of 1072 Danish newborn boys: prevalence and relationship to placental weight, anthropometrical measurements at birth, and reproductive hormone levels at three months of age. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 7 (2005) 4041-4046
7. Braathen M., Derocher A.E., Wiig Ø., Sørmo E.G., Lie E., Skaare J.U., and Jenssen B.M. Relationships between PCBs and thyroid hormones and retinol in female and male polar bears. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 (2004) 826-833
8. Dietz, R., Sonne-Hansen, C., Born, E.W., Sandell, H., Sandell, B., 2001. Aberrant polar bears in East Greenland: an interview investigation. Technical Report No. 359, National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. Available from: 〈www.neri.dk〉.
9. Dietz R., Rigét F.F., Sonne-Hansen C., Letcher R.J., Born E.W., and Muir D.C.G. Seasonal and temporal trends in polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 1990-2001. Sci. Total Environ. 331 (2004) 107-124
10. Fukami M., Wada Y., Miyabayashi K., Nishino I., Hasegawa T., Nordenskjöld A., Camerino G., Kretz C., Buj-Bello A., Laporte J., Yamada G., Morohashi K., and Ogata T. CXorf6 is a causative gene for hypospadias. Nat. Genet. 38 12 (2006) 1369-1371
11. Giwercman Y.L., Kleist K.E., Giwercman A., Giwercman C., Toft G., Bonde J.P., and Pedersen H.S. Remarkably low incidence of hypospadias in Greenland despite high exposure to endocrine disrupters; possible protective effect of androgen receptor genotype. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 16 5 (2006) 375-377
12. Haave M., Ropstad E., Derocher A.E., Lie E., Dahl E., Wiig Ø., Skaare J.U., and Jenssen B.M. Polychlorinated biphenyls and reproductive hormones in female polar bears at Svalbard. Environ. Health Perspect. 111 4 (2003) 431-436
13. Hayes H.M., and Wilson G.P. Hospital incidence of hypospadias in dogs in North America. Vet. Rec. 118 (1986) 605-607
14. Hosie S., Loff S., Witt K., Niessen K., and Waag K.L. Is there a correlation between organochlorine compounds and undescended testes?. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg. 10 5 (2000) 304-309
15. James W.H. Male pesticide exposure and pregnancy outcome. Am. J. Epidemiol. 149 3 (1999) 290-291
16. Jarrell J.F., Gocmen A., Akyol D., and Brant R. Hexachlorobenzene exposure and the proportion of male births in Turkey 1935-1990. Reprod. Toxicol. 16 1 (2002) 65-70
17. Kirkegaard M., Sonne C., Leifsson P.S., Dietz R., Born E.W., Muir D.C.G., and Letcher R.J. Histology of selected immunological organs in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland in relation to levels of organohalogens. Sci. Total Environ. 341 1-3 (2005) 119-132
18. Lie E., Larsen H.J.S., Larsen S., Johansen G.M., Derocher A.E., Lunn N.J., Norstrom R.J., Wiig Ø., and Skaare J.U. Does high organochlorine (OC) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? Part I: Effect of OCs on the humoral immunity. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 67 (2004) 555-582
19. Lie E., Larsen H.J.S., Larsen S., Johansen G.M., Derocher A.E., Lunn N.J., Norstrom R.J., Wiig Ø., and Skaare J.U. Does high organochlorine (OC) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? Part II: Possible effects of OCs on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 68 (2005) 457-484
20. Lyon H., Andersen A.P., Hasselager E., Høyer P.E., Møller M., Prentø P., and Van Deurs B. Theory and Strategy in Histochemistry (1991), Springer, Berlin
21. Mickelsen W.D., and Memon M.A. The reproductive system-inherited and congenital disorders of the male and female reproductive systems. In: Ettinger S.J., and Feldman E.C. (Eds). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (1995), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia 1686-1689
22. Oskam I.C., Ropstad E., Dahl E., Lie E., Derocher A.E., Wiig Ø., Larsen S., Wiger R., and Skaare J.U. Organochlorines affect the major androgenic hormone, testosterone, in male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 66 22 (2003) 2119-2139
23. Oskam I.C., Ropstad E., Dahl E., Lie E., Derocher A.E., Wiig Ø., Larsen S., Wiger R., and Skaare J.U. Organochlorines affect the steroid hormone cortisol in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard, Norway. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 67 (2004) 959-977
24. Ramsay M.A., and Stirling I. Reproductive biology and ecology of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). J. Zool. (Lond.) 214 (1988) 601-634
25. Rigét, F.F., unpublished data. M.Sc., Senior Scientist, National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Arctic Environment, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Tel. +45 46 30 19 48; fax: +45 46 30 19 14; e-mail address: ffr@dmu.dk.
26. Rigét F.F., Vikelsøe J., and Dietz R. Levels and temporal trends of PCDD/PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in ringed seals from East Greenland. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50 (2005) 1523-1529
27. Sharpe R.M., and Skakkebaek N.E. Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract?. Lancet 341 (1993) 1392-1395
28. Sharpe R.M., and Skakkebaek N.E. Male reproductive disorders and the role of endocrine disruption: advances in understanding and identification of areas for future research. Pure Appl. Chem. 75 11-12 (2003) 2023-2038
29. Skakkebaek N.E. Endocrine disrupters and testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Horm. Res. 57 2 (2002) 43
30. Skakkebaek N.E. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Horm. Res. 60 3 (2003) 49
31. Skaare J.U., Bernhoft A., Wiig Ø., Norum K.R., Haug E., Eide D.M., and Derocher A.E. Relationship between plasma levels of organochlorines, retinol and thyroid hormones from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 62 (2001) 227-241
32. Sonne C., Dietz R., Born E.W., Rigét F.F., Kirkegaard M., Hyldstrup L., Letcher R.J., and Muir D.C.G. Is bone mineral composition disrupted by organochlorines in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)?. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 17 (2004) 1711-1716
33. Sonne C., Dietz R., Leifsson P.S., Born E.W., Kirkegaard M., Rigét F.F., Letcher R.J., Muir D.C.G., and Hyldstrup L. Do organohalogen contaminants contribute to liver histopathology in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)?. Environ. Health Perspect. 113 11 (2005) 1569-1574
34. Sonne C., Dietz R., Larsen H.J.S., Loft K.E., Kirkegaard M., Letcher R.J., Shahmiri S., and Møller P. Impairment of cellular immunity in West Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) dietary exposed to polluted minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) blubber. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 2056-2062
35. Sonne C., Dietz R., Leifsson P.S., Born E.W., Kirkegaard M., Letcher R.J., Muir D.C.G., Rigét F.F., and Hyldstrup L. Are organohalogen contaminants a co-factor in the development of renal lesions in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)?. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25 6 (2006) 1551-1557
36. Sonne C., Leifsson P.L., Dietz R., Born E.W., Letcher R.J., Hyldstrup L., Rigét F.F., Kirkegaard M., and Muir D.C.G. Xenoendocrine pollutants may reduce size of sexual organs in East Greenland polar bears. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 (2006) 5668-5674
37. Sonne C., Fonfara S., Dietz R., Kirkegaard M., Letcher F.J., Shahmiri S., Andersen S., and Møller P. Multiple cytokine and acute phase protein gene transcription in West Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) dietary exposed to organic environmental pollutants. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 53 (2007) 110-118
38. Sonne C., Leifsson P.S., Dietz R., Kirkegaard M., Møller P., Jensen A.L., Letcher R.J., and Shahmiri S. Renal lesions in Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) exposed to a natural dietary cocktail of persistent organic pollutants. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 89 3 (2007) 563-576
39. Sonne, C., Dietz, R., Kirkegaard, M., Letcher, R.J., Shahmiri, S., Andersen, S., Møller, P., Jensen A.L., in press-a. Effects of organohalogen pollutants on haematological and urine clinical-chemical parameters in Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.03.002.
40. Sonne, C., Leifsson, P.S., Dietz, R., Kirkegaard, M., Møller, P., Jensen, A.L., Letcher, R.J., in press-b. Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) exhibit liver lesions when exposed to low-dose dietary organohalogen contaminated minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Blubber. Environ. Res. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2007.08.010.
41. Sonne, C., Bossi, R., Dietz, R., Leifsson, P.S., Rigét, F.F., Born, E.W., in press-c. The potential correlation between perfluorinated acids and liver morphology in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Toxicol. Environ. Chem. doi:10.1080/02772240701391629.
42. Sonne C., Dietz R., Born E.W., Rigét F.F., Leifsson P.L., Bechshøft T.Ø., and Kirkegaard M. Spatial and temporal variation in size of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sexual organs and its use in pollution and climate change studies. Sci. Total Environ 387 (2007) 237-246
43. Toppari, J., Larsen, J.C., Christiansen, P., Giwercman, A., Grandjean, P., Guillette, J.L.J., J'egou, B., Jensen, T.K., Jouannet, P., Keiding, N., Leffers, H., McLachlan, J.A., Meyer, O., Müller, J., Meyts, E.R.D., Scheike, T., Sharpe, R., Sumpter, J., Skakkebaek, N.E., 1995. Male reproductive health and environmental chemicals with estrogenic effects. Miljøprojekt No. 290, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Copenhagen, Denmark. Available from: 〈www.epa.dk〉.
44. van Leeuwen F.X., Feeley M., Schrenk D., Larsen J.C., Farland W., and Younes M. Dioxins: WHO's tolerable daily intake (TDI) revisited. Chemosphere 40 9-11 (2000) 1095-1101
45. Weidner I.S., Møller H., Jensen T.K., and Skakkebaek N.E. Cryptorchidism and hypospadias in sons of gardeners and farmers. Environ. Health Perspect. 106 12 (1998) 793-795
46. Wiig Ø., Derocher A.E., Cronin M.M., and Skaare J.U. Female pseudohermaphrodite polar bears at Svalbard. J. Wildlife Dis. 34 4 (1998) 792-796