Male genital tract pharmacology: Developments in quantitative methods to better understand a complex peripheral compartment

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 83, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 401-412

  Cao, Y J ^a   Hendrix, C W ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ALBUMIN; AMPRENAVIR; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; DELAVIRDINE; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; ENFUVIRTIDE; INDINAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; OROSOMUCOID; PIVAMPICILLIN; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; SAQUINAVIR; STAVUDINE; STEROID 5ALPHA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; TENOFOVIR; ZIDOVUDINE;

BINDING KINETICS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG BINDING; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; MALE GENITAL SYSTEM DISEASE; PASSIVE TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY; PROSTATITIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SEMEN ANALYSIS; SPERM;

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DRUG DESIGN; GENITALIA, MALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; PROSTATITIS;

EID: 39449137762     PISSN: 00099236     EISSN: 15326535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100342     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Taylor, S., Boffito, M. & Vernazza, P.L. Antiretroviral therapy to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. J. HIV Ther. 8, 55-66 (2003).
2. Thorpe, A. & Neal, D. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lancet 361, 1359-1367 (2003).
3. Logan, Y.T. & Belgeri, M.T. Monotherapy versus combination drug therapy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother. 3, 103-114 (2005).
4. CDC. National Center for Health Statistics. Healthy People 2000 Final Review. (Public Health Service, Hyattsville, MD, 2001).
5. Kepler, T.B. & Perelson, A.S. Drug concentration heterogeneity facilitates the evolution of drug resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 11514-11519 (1998).
6. Owen, D.H. & Katz, D.F. A review of the physical and chemical properties of human semen and the formulation of a semen simulant. J. Androl. 26, 459-469 (2005).
7. Thomas, S.A. Drug transporters relevant to HIV therapy. J. HIV Ther. 9, 92-96 (2004).
8. Cao, Y.J. Antiretroviral Drug Distribution into the Male Genital Tract Doctoral thesis. (Graduate Training Program in Clinical Investigation, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD, 2007).
9. Gimenez, F., Fernandez, C. & Mabondzo, A. Transport of HIV protease inhibitors through the blood-brain barrier and interactions with the efflux proteins, P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance proteins. J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. 36, 649-658 (2004).
10. Bart, J. et al. The distribution of drug-efflux pumps, P-gp BCRP MRP1 and MRP2, in the normal blood-testis barrier and in primary testicular tumours. Eur. J. Cancer 40, 2064-2070 (2004).
11. Kawai, K. et al. Demonstration of MDR1 P-glycoprotein isoform expression in benign and malignant human prostate cells by isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Lett. 150, 147-153 (2000).
12. Schummer, B., Siegsmund, M., Steidler, A., Toktomambetova, L., Kohrmann, K.U. & Alken, P. Expression of the gene for the multidrug resistance-associated protein in human prostate tissue. Urol. Res. 27, 164-168 (1999).
13. Pfau, A., Perlberg, S. & Shapira, A. The pH of the prostatic fluid in health and disease: implications of treatment in chronic bacterial prostatitis. J. Urol. 119, 384-387 (1978).
14. Kashuba, A.D., Dyer, J.R., Kramer, L.M., Raasch, R.H., Eron, J.J. & Cohen, M.S. Antiretroviral-drug concentrations in semen: implications for sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 1119 (2000).
15. Schon, A., del Mar Ingaramo, M. & Freire, E. The binding of HIV-1 protease inhibitors to human serum proteins. Biophys. Chem. 105, 221-230 (2003).
16. King, J.R., Gerber, J.G., Fletcher, C.V., Bushman, L. & Acosta, E.P. Indinavir protein-free concentrations when used in indinavir/ritonavir combination therapy. AIDS 19, 1059-1063 (2005).
17. Otagiri, M. A molecular functional study on the interactions of drugs with plasma proteins. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 20, 309-323 (2005).
18. Cox, D.W. & Francke, U. Direct assignment of orosomucoid to human chromosome 9 and alpha 2HS-glycoprotein to chromosome 3 using human fetal liver x rat hepatoma hybrids. Hum. Genet. 70, 109-115 (1985).
19. Yuasa, I. et al. Human orosomucoid polymorphism: molecular basis of the three common ORM1 alleles, ORM1F*1, ORM1F*2, and ORM1*S. Hum. Genet. 99, 393-398 (1997).
20. Hochepied, T., Berger, F.G., Baumann, H. & Libert, C. Alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein: an acute phase protein with inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 14, 25-34 (2003).
21. Weisiger, R., Gollan, J. & Ockner, R. Receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface may mediate uptake of fatty acids and other albumin-bound substances. Science 211, 1048-1051 (1981).
22. Cheresh, D.A., Haynes, D.H. & Distasio, J.A. Interaction of an acute phase reactant, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid), with the lymphoid cell surface: a model for non-specific immune suppression. Immunology 51, 541-548 (1984).
23. Cao, Y.J. et al. A novel method demonstrating protein unbound indinavir (IDV) concentration in seminal plasma. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 81, S99 (2007).
24. Lindholmer, C., Carlstrom, A. & Eliasson, R. Occurrence and origin of proteins in human seminal plasma with special reference to albumin. Andrologia 6, 181-196 (1974).
25. Poland, D.C. et al. High level of alpha1-acid glycoprotein in human seminal plasma is associated with high branching and expression of Lewis(a) groups on its glycans: supporting evidence for a prostatic origin. Prostate 52, 34-42 (2002).
26. Pulaski, E.J. & Sprinz, H. Streptomycin in surgical infections: laboratory studies. Ann. Surg. 125, 194-202 (1947).
27. Armstrong, J.R., Cook, F.E. & Robison, J.R. Concentration of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents in the ejaculum. J. Urol. 100, 72-76 (1968).
28. Malmborg, A.S., Dornbusch, K., Eliasson, R. & Lindholmer, C. Concentrations of various antibacterials in human seminal plasma. In Genital Infections and their Complications (Danielsson, D., Julin, L., & Mardh, P.-A., eds.) 307-312 (Almqvist and Wiksell International, Stockholm, 1975).
29. Naber, K.G. Use of quinolones in urinary tract infections and prostatitis. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11 (suppl. 5), S1321-S1337 (1989).
30. Taylor, S. et al. Poor penetration of the male genital tract by HIV-1 protease inhibitors. AIDS 13, 859-860 (1999).
31. Pichini, S., Zuccaro, P. & Pacifici, R. Drugs in semen. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 26, 356-373 (1994).
32. Chan, D.J. Pathophysiology of HIV-1 in semen: current evidence for compartmentalisation and penetration by antiretroviral drugs. Curr. HIV Res. 3, 207-222 (2005).
33. Taylor, S. & Pereira, A.S. Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-1 infected men. Sex. Transm. Infect. 77, 4-11 (2001).
34. Anderson, P.L., Noormohamed, S.E., Henry, K., Brundage, R.C., Balfour, H.H. Jr & Fletcher, C.V. Semen and serum pharmacokinetics of zidovudine and zidovudine-glucuronide in men with HIV-1 infection. Pharmacotherapy 20, 917-922 (2000).
35. Reddy, Y.S. et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation of efavirenz in the semen and blood of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men. J. Infect. Dis. 186, 1339-1343 (2002).
36. Taylor, S. et al. Concentrations of nevirapine, lamivudine and stavudine in semen of HIV-1-infected men. AIDS 14, 1979-1984 (2000).
37. van Praag, R.M., Repping, S., de Vries, J.W., Lange, J.M., Hoetelmans, R.M. & Prins, J.M. Pharmacokinetic profiles of nevirapine and indinavir in various fractions of seminal plasma. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 2902-2907 (2001).
38. Ndovi, T.T., Lee, J.I., Hamzeh, F. & Hendrix, C.W. Effect of semen sampling frequency on concentrations of zidovudine and male genital tract glandular markers, fructose, PSA, and sperm count. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 75, P15 (2004).
39. Lundquist, F. Aspects of the biochemistry of human semen. Acta Physiol. Scand. 19, 1-95 (1949).
40. Rui, H., Mevag, B. & Purvis, K. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins in various fractions of the human split ejaculate. Int. J. Androl. 7, 509-520 (1984).
41. Ndovi, T.T. et al. Quantitative assessment of seminal vesicle and prostate drug concentrations by use of a noninvasive method. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 80, 146-158 (2006).
42. Pacifici, G.M., Viani, A. & Taddeucci-Brunelli, G. Serum protein binding of furosemide in newborn infants and children. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 10, 413-421 (1987).
43. Viani, A., Rizzo, G., Carrai, M. & Pacifici, G.M. The effect of ageing on plasma albumin and plasma protein binding of diazepam, salicylic acid and digitoxin in healthy subjects and patients with renal impairment. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 33, 299-304 (1992).
44. Kurz, H., Trunk, H. & Weitz, B. Evaluation of methods to determine protein-binding of drugs. Equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, gel filtration. Arzneimittelforschung 27, 1373-1380 (1977).
45. Baumueller, A. & Madsen, P.O. Antimicrobial substances in secretion, interstitial fluid, and tissue of normal and infected canine prostate glands. Urol. Res. 10, 31-35 (1982).
46. Goto, T. et al. Diffusion of piperacillin, cefotiam, minocycline, amikacin and ofloxacin into the prostate. Int. J. Urol. 5, 243-246 (1998).
47. Ndovi, T.T., Parsons, T., Choi, L., Caffo, B., Rohde, C. & Hendrix, C.W. A new method to estimate quantitatively seminal vesicle and prostate gland contributions to ejaculate. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 63, 404-420 (2006).