Size dependence of the mesospheric dust temperature and its influence on the noctilucent clouds and polar mesosphere summer echo phenomena

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 106, Issue A11, 2001, Pages 24831-24841

  Eidhammer, Trude ^a   Havnes, Ove ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 39449127591     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900036     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Baron, B., D. Hoover, and F. Williams, Vacuum ultraviolet photoelectric emission from amorphous ice, J. Chem. Phys., 68, 1997-2003, 1978.
2. Bevilacqua, R. M., Ice particles in the mesosphere, M.S. thesis, 78 pp., Penn. State Univ., University Park, 1978.
3. Cho, J. Y. N., and J. Röttger, An updated review of polar mesosphere summer echoes: Observation, theory and their relationship to noctilucent clouds and subvisible aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2001-2020, 1997.
4. Czechowsky, P., I. M. Reid, R. Rüster, and G. Schmidt, VHF radar echoes observed in the summer and winter polar mesosphere over Andoya, Norway, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5199-5217, 1989.
5. Daugherty, J. E., and D. B. Graves, Particulate temperature in radio- frequency glow-discharges, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 11, 1126-1131, 1993.
6. Ecklund, W. L., and B. B. Balsley, Long-term observations of the Arctic mesosphere with the MST radar at Poker Flat, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7775-7780, 1981.
7. Evans, A., The Dusty Universe, John Wiley, New York, 1994.
8. Gadsden, M., and W. Schröder, Noctilucent Clouds, 165 pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
9. Grams, G., and G. Fiocco, Equilibrium temperatures of spherical ice particles in the upper atmosphere and implications for noctilucent cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 961-966, 1977.
10. Hagfors, T., Note on the scattering of electromagnetic waves from charged dust particles in a plasma, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 333-338, 1992.
11. Havnes, O., U. de Angelis, R. Bingham, C. K. Goertz, G. E. Morfill, and V. Tsytovich, On the role of dust in the summer mesopause, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 637-643, 1990.
12. Havnes, O., F. Melandsø, C. La Hoz, T. K. Aslaksen, and T. Hartquist, Charged dust in the Earth's mesopause: Effects on radar backscatter, Phys. Scr., 45, 535-544, 1992.
13. Havnes, O., J. Trøim, T. Blix, W. Mortensen, L. I. Næsheim, E. Thrane, and T. Tønnesen, First detection of charged dust particles in the Earth's mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10,829-10,847, 1996.
14. Havnes, O., A. Brattli, T. Aslaksen, W. Singer, R. Latteck, T. Blix, E. Thrane, and J. Trøim, First common volume observations of layered plasma structures and polar mesospheric summer echoes by rocket and radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1419-1422, 2001.
15. Havnes, O., A. Brattli, T. Aslaksen, W. Singer, R. Latteck, T. Blix, E. Thrane, and J. Trøim, First common volume observations of layered plasma structures and polar mesospheric summer echoes by rocket and radar. Manuscript, 2000.
16. Hesstvedt, E., Note on the nature of noctilucent clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1985-1987, 1961.
17. Hoffmann, P., W. Singer, and J. Bremer, Mean seasonal and diurnal variations of PMSE and winds from 4 years of radar observations at ALOMAR, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1525-1528, 1999.
18. Hoppe, U. P., C. Hall, and J. Röttger, First observations of summer polar mesospheric backscatter with a 224 MHz radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 28-31, 1988.
19. Hunten, D. M., R. P. Turco, and O. B. Toon, Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1342-1357, 1980.
20. Inhester, B., J. Klostermeyer, F. J. Lübken, and U. von Zahn, Evidence for ice clouds causing polar mesospheric summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,937-20,954, 1994.
21. Jensen, E. J., A numerical model of polar mesospheric cloud formation and evolution, Ph.D. thesis, Dep. of Astrophys., Planet, and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Colo., Boulder, 1989.
22. Jensen, E., and G. E. Thomas, A growth-sedimentation model of polar mesospheric clouds: Comparisons with SME measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2461-2473, 1988.
23. Jensen, E. J., and G. E. Thomas, Charging of mesospheric particles: Implications for electron density and particle coagulation, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18,603-18,616, 1991.
24. Kelley, M. C., D. T. Farley, and J. Röttger, The effect of cluster ions on anomalous VHF backscatter from the summer polar mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1031-1034, 1987.
25. Kirkwood, S., V. Barabash, P. Chilson, A. Réchou, and K. Stebel, The 1997 PMSE season: Its relation to wind, temperature and water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1867-1870, 1998.
26. Klostermeyer, J., A simple model of the ice particle size distribution in noctilucent clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28,743-28,752, 1998.
27. -1, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 777-784, 1974.
28. La Hoz, C., Radar scattering from dusty plasmas, Phys. Scr., 45, 529- 534, 1992.
29. Lean, J., Solar ultraviolet irradiance variations: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 839-868, 1987.
30. Liou, K. N., Radiation and Cloud Processes in the Atmosphere. Theory, Observation and Modeling, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1992.
31. Lübken, F.-J., Thermal structure of the Arctic summer mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9135-9149, 1999.
32. Lübken, F.-J., K. H. Fricke, and M. Langer, Noctilucent clouds and the thermal structure near the Arctic mesopause, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9489-9508, 1996.
33. Lübken, F.-J., M. Rapp, T. Blix, and E. Thrane, Microphysical and turbulent measurements of the Schmidt number in the vicinity of polar mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 893-896, 1998.
34. Marti, J., and K. Mauersberger, A survey and new measurements of ice pressure at temperature between 170 and 250 K, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 363-366, 1993.
35. 2 on Ag, Phys. Rev. Lett., 58, 1684-1686, 1987.
36. Nussbaumer, V., K.-H. Fricke, M. Langer, W. Singer, and U. von Zahn, First simultaneous and common-volume observations of NLC and PMSE by lidar and radar, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,161-19,167, 1996.
37. Qiu, S. L., C. L. Lin, L. Q. Jiang, and M. Strongin, Photoemission studies of the metal-nonmetal transition of sodium on solid ammonia, Phys. Rev. B, 39, 1958-1961, 1989.
38. Rapp, M., Aerosol layers in the polar summer mesosphere: Interaction with the plasma of the D-region and dependence on temperature and dynamics, thesis, Bonn Univ., Bonn, 2000.
39. Rapp, M., and F.-J. Lübken, Modelling of positively charged aerosols in the polar summer mesopause region, Earth Planets and Space, 51, 799-807, 1999.
40. Reid, G. C., Ice clouds at the summer polar mesopause, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 523-535, 1975.
41. Reid, G. C., On the influence of electrostatic charging on coagulation of dust and ice particles in the upper mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1095-1098, 1997.
42. Schleicher, B., H. Burtscher, and H. C. Siegmann, Photoelectric quantum yield of nanometer metal particles, Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, 1191-1193, 1993.
43. Spitzer, L., Jr., Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium, John Wiley, New York, 1978.
44. Tsytovich, V. N., U. de Angelis, and R. Bingham, Transition scattering of waves on charged dust particles in a plasma, J. Plasma Phys., 42, 429-443, 1989.
45. Turco, R. P., O. B. Toon, R. C. Whitten, R. G. Keesee, and D. Hollenbach, Noctilucent clouds: Simulation studies of their genesis, properties and global influences, Planet. Space Sci., 3, 1147-1181, 1982.
46. von Cossart, G., J. Fiedler, and U. von Zahn, Size distribution of NLC particles as determined from 3-color observations of NLC by ground-based lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1513-1516, 1999.
47. Wallace, J. M., and Hobbs, P.V., Atmospheric Science. An Introductory Survey, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1977.