Cardio-renal anemia syndrome

Hippokratia

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 11-16

  Efstratiadis, G ^a,c   Konstantinou, D ^b   Chytas, I ^a   Vergoulas, G ^a  

^a ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^b Theagenio Hospital   (Greece)

^c AXEPA Hospital ^*  (Greece)

Author keywords

Anemia; Erythropoetin; Heart failure; Kidney insufficiency; Renal failure

Indexed keywords

DIURETIC AGENT; ERYTHROPOIETIN; FERRIC HYDROXIDE SUCROSE; HEMOGLOBIN; NOVEL ERYTHROPOIESIS STIMULATING PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN;

ANEMIA; CARDIORENAL ANEMIA SYNDROME; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; HEART DISEASE; HEART FAILURE; HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SURVIVAL TIME; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 39449120180     PISSN: 11084189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2005; Dallas: 28-29
2. Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, et al. Long term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1397-1402
3. Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M, et al. The use of subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron for the treatment of the anemia of severe, resistant congestive heart failure improves cardiac and renal function and functional cardiac class, and markedly reduces hospitalizations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1737-1744
4. Levin A, Djurdjev O, Duncan J, Werb R, Taylor P. Hemoglobin levels prior to therapy predict survival in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18 (suppl 4): T 358: 393-394
5. Herzog CA, Muster HA, Li S, Collins AJ. Impact of congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease and anemia on survival in the medicare population. J Card Fail 2004; 10: 467-472
6. Jurcovitz CT, Abramson JL, Vaccarino V, Weintraub WS, Mcclellan WM. Association of high serum creatinine and anemia increases the risk of coronary events: results from the prospective community-based atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 2919-2925
7. Abramson JL, Jurcovitz CT, Vaccarino V, Weintraub WS, McClellan W. Chronic kidney disease, anemia and incident stroke in a middle-aged community based population: the ARIC study. Kidney Int 2003; 64: 610-615
8. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines 2000 update. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37 (suppl 1): S1-S238
9. Revised European Best Practice Guidelines for the management of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19 (suppl 2): 1-47
10. Collins AJ. Influence of target haemoglobin in dialysis patients on morbidity and mortality. Kidney Int 2002; 61 (suppl 80): 44-48
11. Keane WF, Brenner BM, de Zeeuw D, et al. The risk of developing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: The RENAAL Study. Kidney Int 2003; 63: 1499-1507
12. St Peter WL, Xue J, Ebben J, Collins A. Pre-end stage renal disease erythropoietin use predicts hospitalisation in the periods before and after end-stage renal disease prognosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 247A
13. Hampl H, Sternberg C, Berweck S, et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in haemodialysis patients is possible. Clin Nephrol 2002; 58 (suppl 1): S73-S96
14. Moreno F, Sanz-Guajardo D, Lopez-Gomez JM, Jofre R, Valderrabano F. Increasing the hematocrit has a beneficial effect on quality of life and is safe in selected hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: 335-542
15. Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M, Wollman Y, Iaina A. The cardio-renal anemia syndrome: does it exist? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18(suppl 8): 7-12.
16. Anand IS, Chandrashekhar Y, Ferrari R, Ferrari R, Poole-Wilson PA, Harris PC. Pathogenesis of edema in chronic anemia: studies of body water and sodium, renal function, haemodynamics and plasma hormones. Br Heart J 1993; 70: 357-362
17. Felker GM, Kirkwood FA, Gattis WA, Christopher MO. Anemia as a risk factor and therapeutic target in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 959-966
18. Katz AM. The cardiomyopathy of overload: an unnatural growth response in the hypertrophied heart. Ann Int Med 1994; 121: 363-371
19. Johnson DB, Dell'Italia LJ. Cardiac hypertrophy and failure in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1996; 5: 186-191
20. Torre-Amione G, Bozkurt B, Deswal A, Mann DL. An overview of tumor necrosis factor alpha and the failing human heart Curr Opin Cardiol 1999; 14: 206-210
21. Means RT Jr. Advances in the anemia of chronic disease. Int J Hematol 1999; 70: 7-12
22. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Harnett JD, Kent GM, Murray DC, Barre PE. The impact of anemia on cardiomyopathy, morbidity, and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 28: 53-61
23. Harnett JD, Kent GM, Foley RN, Parfrey PS. Cardiac function and hematocrit level. Am J Kidney Dis 1995; 25: S3-S7
24. Joosten E, Pelemans W, Hiele M, Noyen J, Verhaeghe R, Boogaerts MA. Prevalence and causes of anemia in a geriatric hospitalized population. Gerontology 1992; 38: 111-117.
25. Dries DL, Exner DV, Domanski MJ, Greenberg B, Stevenson LW. The prognostic implications of renal insufficiency in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 681-689
26. Hillege HL. Renal function, neurohormonal activation, and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2000; 102: 203-210
27. Volpe M, Tritto C, Testa U, et al. Blood levels of erythropoietin in congestive heart failure and correlation with clinical, hemodynamic, and hormonal profiles. Am J Cardiol 1994; 74: 468-473
28. Androne AS, Katz SD, Lund L, et al. Haemodilution is common in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 2003; 107: 226-229
29. Deswal A, Peterson MJ, Feldman AM, Young JB, White BG, Mann DL. Cytokines and cytokine receptors in advanced heart failure: an analysis of the cytokine database from the vesnarinone trial (VEST). Circulation 2001; 103: 2055-2059
30. Torre-Amione G, Kapadia S, Benedict C, Oral H, Young JB, Mann DL. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: a report from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 1201-1206
31. Voulgari PV, Kolios G, Papadopoulos GK, Katsaraki A, Seferiadis K, Drosos AA. Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 1999; 92: 153-160
32. Iverson PO, Woldbaek PR, Tonnessen T, Christensen G. Decreased hematopoiesis in bone marrow of mice with congestive heart failure. Am J Physiol 2002; 282: 166-172
33. Means RT. Hepcidin and anemia. Blood Rev 2004; 18: 219-225
34. Bolger AP, Doehner W, Sharma R, Coate JS, Anker S. Anemia in chronic heart failure: the relationship to inflammatory cytokine production and prognostic importance. Circulation 2002; 106: 2819
35. Horwich TB, Fonarow GC, Hamilton MA, MacLellan WR, Borenstein J. Anemia is associated with worse symptoms, greater impairment in functional capacity and a significant increase in mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1780-1786
36. Vaziri ND. Erythropoietin and transferrin metabolism in nephrotic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38: 1-8
37. Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 303-310
38. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302
39. Griffing GT, Melby JC. Enalapril (MK-420) and the white cell count and haematocrit. Lancet 1982; 319: 1361
40. Kamper AL, Nielsen OJ. Effect of enalapril on haemoglobin and serum erythropoietin in patients with chronic nephropathy. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 50: 611-618
41. Plata R, Cornejo A, Arratia C, et al. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition therapy in altitude polycythaemia: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 663-666
42. Fyhrquist F, Karppinen K, Honkanen T, Saijonmaa O, Rosenlof K. High serum erythropoietin levels are normalized during treatment of congestive heart failure with enalapril. J Intern Med 1989; 226: 257-260
43. Low-Friedrich I, Grutzmacher P, Marz W, Bergmann M, Schoeppe W. Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin reduces cardiac size and improves heart function in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 1991; 11: 54-60
44. Goldberg N, Lundin AP, Delano B, Friedman EA, Stein RA. Changes in left ventricular size, wall thickness, and function in anaemic patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Am Heart J 1992; 124: 424-427
45. Linde T, Wikstrom B, Andersson LG, Danielson BG. Renal anemia treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin increases cardiac output in patients with ischemic heart disease. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1996; 30: 115-120
46. Tong EM, Nissenson AR. Erythropoietin and anemia. Semin Nephrol 2001; 21: 190 -203
47. Silverberg DS, Iaina A, Wexler D, Blum M. The pathological consequences of anemia. Clin Lab Haematol 2001; 23: 1-6
48. Mann JF. What are the short-term and long-term consequences of anemia in CRF patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14(Suppl 2): 29 -36
49. Ofsthun N, Labrecque J, Lacson E, Keen M, Lazarus JM. The effects of higher haemoglobin levels on mortality and hospitalization in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2003; 63: 1908-1914
50. Li S, Collins AJ. Association of hematocrit value with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2004; 65: 626- 633
51. Parfrey PS, Foley RN, Wittreich BH, Sullivan DJ, Zagari MJ, Frei D. Double-blind comparison of full and partial anemia correction in incident hemodialysis patients without symptomatic heart disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 2180-2189
52. Roger SD, McMahon LP, Clarkson A, et al. Effects of early and late intervention with epoetin alpha on left ventricular mass among patients with chronic kidney disease (stage 3 or 4): results of a randomized clinical trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 148-156
53. Besarab A, Bolton WK, Browne JK, et al. The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 584-590
54. Levin A, Djurdjev O, Thompson C, et al. Canadian randomized trial of hemoglobin maintenance to prevent or delay left ventricular mass growth in patients with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 46: 799-811
55. Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, et al. Correction of Anemia with Epoetin Alfa in Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2085-2098
56. Mix CH, Brenner RM, Cooper ME, et al. Rationale - Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT): evolving the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am Heart J 2005; 149: 408-413
57. Eckardt KU. The CREATE trial-building evidence. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16(suppl 2): 16-18
58. Locatelli F, Del Vecchio L, Pozzoni P. Anemia and Cardiovascular Risk: The lesson of the CREATE trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: S262-S266
59. Silverberg DS, Wexler WD, Sheps D et al. The effect of correction of mild anemia in severe, resistant congestive heart failure using subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron: a randomized controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1775-1780
60. Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M, et al. Aggressive therapy of congestive heart failure and associated chronic renal failure with medications, and correction of anemia stops the progression of both diseases. Peritoneal Dialysis Int 2001; 21: S236-S240
61. Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Iaina A. The importance of anemia and its correction in the management of severe congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4: 681-686
62. Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Blum M et al. The effect of correction of anemia in diabetic and non diabetics with severe resistant congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure by subcutanous erythropoietin and intravenous iron. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: 141-146
63. Wexler D, Silverberg D, Blum M, et al. Anemia as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in congestive heart failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20 (Suppl 7): vii11-vii15
64. Mancini DM, Katz SD, Lamanca J, Lamanca J, Hudaihed A, Androne AS. Effect of erythropoietin on exercise capacity in patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure. Circulation 2003; 107: 294-299