The risk of developing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: The RENAAL study

Kidney International

Volumn 63, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 1499-1507

  Keane, William F ^a   Brenner, Barry M ^b   De Zeeuw, Dick ^c   Grunfeld, Jean Pierre ^d   McGill, Janet ^e   Mitch, William E ^f   Ribeiro, Artur B ^g   Shahinfar, Shahnaz ^a   Simpson, Roger L ^a   Snapinn, Steven M ^a   Toto, Robert ^h  

^a MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^d HÔPITAL NECKER ENFANTS MALADES   (France)

^e WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g HOSPITAL DO RIM E HIPERTENSÃO   (Brazil)

^h UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Nephropathy; RENAAL; Risk factors; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CREATININE; HEMOGLOBIN; LOSARTAN;

ADULT; AGED; ALBUMIN BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DISEASE COURSE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0037378445     PISSN: 00852538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00885.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. AMOS AF, MCCARTY DJ, ZIMMET P: The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications: Estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabet Med 14(Suppl 5):S1-S85, 1997
2. MOGENSEN CE: Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N Engl J Med 310:356-360, 1984
3. JARRETT RJ, VIBERTI GC, ARGYROPOULOS A, et al: Microalbuminuria predicts mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Diabet Med 1:17-19, 1984
4. SCHMITZ A, VAETH M: Microalbuminuria: a major risk factor in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. A 10-year follow-up study of 503 patients. Diabet Med 5:126-134, 1988
5. USRDS: Annual Data Report, Chapter 2. Incidence and Prevalence of ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 34:540-550, 1999
6. RITZ E, RYCHLIK I, LOCATELLI F, HALIMI S: End-stage renal failure in type 2 diabetes, a medical catastrophe of worldwide dimensions. Am J Kidney Dis 34:795-808, 1999
7. ISMAIL N, BECKER B, STRZELCZYK P, et al: Renal disease and hypertension in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 55:1-28, 1999
8. BRENNER BM, COOPER ME, DE ZEEUW D, et al: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 345:861-869, 2001
9. LEWIS EJ, HUNSICKER LG, CLARKE WR, et al: Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 345:851-860, 2001
10. PETERSON JC, ADLER S, BURKART JM, et al: Blood pressure control, proteinuria and the progression of renal disease. Ann Intern Med 123:754-762, 1995
11. HUNSICKER LG, ADLER S, CAGGIULA A, et al: Predictors of the progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Kidney Int 51:1908-1919, 1997
12. BREYER JA, BAIN RP, EVANS JK, et al: Predictors of the progression of renal insufficiency in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and overt diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. Kidney Int 50:1651-1658, 1996
13. HOVIND P, ROSSING P, TARNOW L, et al: Progression of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 59:702-709, 2001
14. RUGGENENTI P, PERNA A, GHERARDI G, et al: Chronic proteinuric nephropathies: Outcomes and response to treatment in a prospective cohort of 352 patients with different patterns of renal injury. Am J Kidney Dis 35:1155-1165, 2000
15. GOLDSCHMID MG, DOMIN WS, ZIEMER DC, et al: Diabetes in urban African-Americans. II. High prevalence of microalbuminuria and nephropathy in African-Americans with diabetes. Diabetes Care 18:955-961, 1995
16. PROSPECTIVE DIABETES STUDY UK: (UKPDS). IX: Relationships of urinary albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase to glycaemia and hypertension at diagnosis of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and after 3 months diet therapy. Diabetologia 36:835-842, 1993
17. RAVID M, SAVIN H, LANG R, et al: Proteinuria, renal impairment, metabolic control, and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A 14-year follow-up report on 195 patients. Arch Intern Med 152:1225-1229, 1992
18. BRENNER BM, COOPER ME: The losartan renal protection study - Rationale, study design and baseline characteristics of RENAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan). J Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst 1:328-335, 2000
19. LEVEY AS, BOSCH JP, LEWIS JB, et al: A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 130:461-470, 1999
20. KAPLAN EL, MEIER P: Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 53:457-481, 1958
21. BALLARD DJ, HUMPHREY LL, MELTON LJ, et al: Epidemiology of persistent proteinuria in type II diabetes mellitus. Population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota. Diabetes 37:405-412, 1988
22. NELSON RG, NEWMAN JM, KNOWLER WC, et al: Incidence of end-stage renal disease in Type 2(non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians. Diabetologia 31:730-736, 1988
23. NELSON RG, PETTITT DJ, CARRAHER MJ, et al: Effect of proteinuria on mortality in NIDDM. Diabetes 37:1499-1504, 1988
24. MCCLELLAN WM, KNIGHT DF, KARP H, et al: Early detection and treatment of renal disease in hospitalized diabetic and hypertensive patients: Important differences between practice and published guidelines. Am J Kidney Dis 29:368-375, 1997
25. PHILLIPS AN, NEATON JD, COOK DG, et al: Leukocyte count and risk of major coronary heart disease events. Am J Epidemiol 136:59-70, 1992
26. STENVINKEL P, HEIMBURGER O, PAULTRE F, et al: Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 55:1899-1911, 1999
27. SHEARER GC, KAYSEN GA: Proteinuria and plasma compositional changes contribute to defective lipoprotein catabolism in the nephrotic syndrome by separate mechanisms. Am J Kidney Dis 37 (1 Suppl 2):S119-S122, 2001
28. KEANE WF, COLLINS AJ: Influence of comorbidity on mortality and morbidity in patients treated with hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 24:1010-1018, 1994
29. ADLER AI, STRATTON IM, NEIL HA, et al: Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): Prospective observational study. BrMed J 321:412-419, 2000
30. KLAG MJ, WHELTON PK, RANDALL BL, et al: Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men. N Engl J Med 334:13-18, 1996
31. HANSSON L, ZANCHETTI A, CARRUTHERS SG, et al: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 1998351:1755-1762, 1998
32. YUSUF S, SLEIGHT P, POGUE J, et al: Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 342:145-153, 2000
33. HEART OPE: (HOPE) Study Investigators: Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: Results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet 355:253-259, 2000
34. BAKRIS GL, WILLIAMS M, DWORKIN L, et al: Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: A consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 36:646-661, 2000
35. CHRISTENSEN PK, ROSSING P, NIELSEN FS, et al: Natural course of kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Diabet Med 16:388-394, 1999
36. RUGGENENTI P, GAMBARA V, PERNA A, et al: The nephropathy of non-insulin-dependent diabetes: Predictors of outcome relative to diverse patterns of renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 9:2336-2343, 1998
37. NOSADINI R, VELUSSI M, BROCCO E, et al: Course of renal function in type 2 diabetic patients with abnormalities of albumin excretion rate. Diabetes 49:476-484, 2000
38. NELSON RG, BENNETT PH, BECK GJ, et al: Development and progression of renal disease in Pima Indians with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med 335:1636-1642, 1996
39. SILVERBERG DS, WEXLER D, BLUM M, et al: The use of subcutaneous erythropoietin and intravenous iron for the treatment of the anemia of severe, resistant congestive heart failure improves cardiac and renal function and functional cardiac class, and markedly reduces hospitalizations. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:1737-1744, 2000
40. FINE LG, BANDYOPADHAY D, NORMAN JT: Is there a common mechanism for the progression of different types of renal diseases other than proteinuria? Towards the unifying theme of chronic hypoxia. Kidney Int 57 (Suppl 75):S22-S26, 2000
41. COLLINS AJ, MA JZ, XIA A, et al: Trends in anemia treatment with erythropoietin usage and patient outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis 32(6 Suppl 4):S133-S141, 1998
42. KURIYAMA S, TOMONARI H, YOSHIDA H, et al: Reversal of anemia by erythropoietin therapy retards the progression of chronic renal failure, especially in nondiabetic patients. Nephron 77:176-185, 1997
43. JUDGERS P, CHOUKROUN G, OUALIM Z, et al: Beneficial influence of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy on the rate of progression of chronic renal failure in predialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16:307-312, 2001