Allelopathic activity of grassland species

Allelopathy Journal

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 3-36

  Lipinska, Halina ^a   Harkot, Wanda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES IN LUBLIN   (Poland)

Author keywords

Allelochemicals; Allelopathy; Grasses; Grasslands; Legumes; Weeds

Indexed keywords

POACEAE;

EID: 39449109316     PISSN: 09714693     EISSN: 09741240     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (201)

1. Abdul-Wahab, A. S. and Rice, E. L. (1967). Plant inhibited by Johnson grass and its possible significance in old-field succession. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 94: 486-497.
2. Ahlgren, H. L. and Aamodt, O. S. (1939). Harmful root interactions as a possible explanation for effects noted between various species of grasses and legumes. Journal American Society of Agronomy 31: 982-985.
3. Alderman, W. H. and Middleton, J. A. (1925). Toxic relation of other crops to tomatoes. Proceedings American Society for Horticular Sciences 11: 307-308.
4. Andrews, T. S., Jones, C. E. and Whalley, R. D. B. (1997). Factors affecting the germination of Giant Parramatta grass. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37: 439-446.
5. Anson, S., Delgado, I., Munoz, F. (1997). Evaluación de la productividad de Lolium rigidum Gaus. Pastos 27: 165-176.
6. Bais, H.P., Vepachedu, R., Gilroy, S., Callaway, R. M. and Vivanco, Jorge, M. (2003). Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion: From molecules and genes to species interactions. Science 301: 1377-1380.
7. Bais, H.P., Walker, T.S., Stermitz, F.R., Hufbauer, R. A. and Vivanco, J.M. (2002). Enantiomeric-dependent phytotoxic and antimicrobal activity of (±)-catechin. A rhizosecreted racemic mixture from spotted knapweed. Plant Physiology 128: 1173-1179.
8. Baker, H. G. (1986). Patterns of plant invasion in North America. In: Ecology of Biological Invasion of North America and Hawaii (Eds., H. A. Mooney and J.A. Drake). Pp. 44-57, Springer, New York.
9. Ball, D. M., Pederson, J. F. and Lacefield, G. D. (1993). The tall fesuce endophyte. American Scientist 81: 370-379.
10. Baryła, R. (2001). Changes of the species composition of meadow undergrowth in Post-Boggy habitat (a synthesis of 30 year - long studies conducted in Sosnowica - the Wieprz-Krzna Canal Region). Annales UMCS E, LVI, 9: 65-76 (in Polish, with English abstract).
11. Benedict, H. M. (1941). The inhibiting effect of dead roots on the growth of bromegrass. Journal American Society of Agronomy 33: 1108-1109.
12. Bertin, C., Huang, T., Schroeder, F.C., Weston, L. A., Jander, G. (2005). Allelopathic potential of fine leaf fescue: towards the elucidation of the mode of action of m-tyrosine in plant. American Society of Plant Biologists. Poster: Integrative Plant Physiology.
13. Bertin, C., Paul, R. N., Duke, S. O. and Weston, L. A. (2003). Laboratory assessment of the allelopathic effects of fine leaf fescues, Journal of Chemical Ecology 19: 1919-1937.
14. Bertin, C., Yang, X. and Weston, L. A. (2003). The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Plant and Soil 256: 67-83.
15. Beyschlag, W., Ryel, R. J., Ullmann, I. and Eckstein, J. (1996). Experimental studies on the competitive balance between two Central European roadside grasses with different growth forms. 2. Controlled experiments on the influence of soil depth, salinity and allelopathy. Botanica Acta 109: 449-455.
16. Blicker, P. S., Olson, B. E. and Wraith, J.M. (2003). Water use and water-use efficiency of the invasive Centaurea maculosa and three native grasses. Plant and Soil 254: 371-381.
17. Blum, U., Gerig, T. M., Worsham, A. D., Holappa, L. D. and King, L.D. (1992). Allelopathic activity in wheat-conventional and wheat no-till soil: development of soil extract bioassays. Journal of Chemical Ecology 18: 2191-2221.
18. Bourdot, G. W., Woodbum, T. L., Briese, D. T. and Corey, S. (1996). Interference between pasture plants and thistles a review. Thistle management workshop, Canberra, Australia, 12-13 June 1996. Plant Protection Quarterly 11 (Supplement 2) : 265-270.
19. Breazu, I. T. (1999). Allelopathic effects of herbage grasses and legumes. Allelopathy Journal 6: 110.
20. st Meeting of the Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section of EUCARPIA, Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland, 9-12 September 1997, 98-99.
21. th Annual Meeting. Pp. 95.
22. Bullock, J. M., Mortimer, A. M. and Begon, M. (1994). The effect of clipping in interclonal competition in the grass Holcus lanatus - a response surface analysis. Journal of Ecology 82: 259-270.
23. Buta, J. G. and Spaudling, D. W. (1987). Growth inhibiting compounds in tall fescue involved in allelopathy of turfgrasses - abscisic acid and phenolics. Proceedings of the Plant Growth Regulator Society of America, Pp. 61, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
24. Buta, J. G., Spaulding, D. W. and Reed, A. N., 1987, Differential growth responses of fractioned turfgrass seed leachates. HortScience 22: 1317-1319.
25. Calkins, J. B. and Swanson, B. T. (1995). Comparison of conventional and alternative nursery weed management strategies. Weed Technology 9: 761-767.
26. Callaway, R. M. and Aschehoug, E. T. (2000). Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: A mechanism for exotic invasion. Science 290: 521-523.
27. Callaway, R. M. and Ridenour, W. M. (2004). Novel weapons: invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2: 436-443
28. Canals, R. M., Emeterio, L. S. and Peralta, J. (2005). Autotoxicity in Lolium rigidum: Analyzing the role of chemically mediated interactions in annual plant populations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 235: 402-407.
29. Cantero, J. J., Pärtel, M. and Zobel, M. (1999). Is species richness dependent on the neighbouring stands? An analysis of the community patterns in mountain grasslands of central Argentina. Oikos 87: 346-354.
30. Caputa, J. (1948). Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung einiger Gräser und Klearten in Reinsaat und Mischung. Landwirschaft JB. 10, Bern.
31. Carballeira, A., Carral, E. and Reigosa, M.J. (1988). Asymetric small-scale distribution and allelopathy: Interaction between Rumex obtusifolius L. and meadow species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 14: 1775-1786.
32. Chang, C. F., Suzuki, A., Kumai, S. and Tamura, S. (1969). Chemical studies on 'clover sickness.' II. Biological functions of isoflavonoids and their related compounds. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 33:398-408.
33. Cheplick, G. P. and Salvadori, G. M. (1991). Intraclonal and interclonal competition in the cleistogamous grass Amphibromus scabrivalvis. American Journal of Botany 78: 1494-1502.
34. Chou, C. H. (1986). The role of allelopathy in subtropical agroecosystems in Taiwan. In: The Science of Allelopathy (Eds.,, A. R. Putman and C. S. Tang): Pp. 57-73, John Willey and Sons, New York.
35. Chou, C. H. (1989). Allelopathic research of subtropical vegetation in Taiwan. IV. Comparative phytotoxic nature of leachate from four subtropical grasses. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 2149-2159.
36. Chou, C. H. (1999). Roles of allelopathy in plant biodiversity and sustainable agricultural. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 18: 609-636.
37. Chou, C. H., and Young, C. C. (1975). Phytotoxic substances in twelve subtropical grasses. Journal of Chemical Ecology 1: 183-193.
38. Christensen, M. J. (1995). Variation in the ability of Acremonium endophytes of perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) to form compatible associations in three grasses. Mycological Research 99: 466-470.
39. Chung, I. M. and Miller, D. A. (1991). Autotoxic effects and re-seeding of alfalfa. In: Agronomy Abstracts, ASA, Madison, WI. USA. p. 140.
40. Chung, I. M. and Miller, D. A. (1995). Allelopathic influence of nine grass extracts on germination and seedling growth of alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 87: 767-772.
41. Chung, I. M. and Miller, D. A. (1995). Effect of alfalfa plant and soil extracts on germination and growth of alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 87: 762-767.
42. Clay, K. and Holah, J. (1999). Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional fields. Science 285: 1742-1744.
43. Curl, E. A. and Truelove, B. (1986). The Rhizosphere. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
44. De Candolle, A. P. (1832). Physiologie Vegetale. Bechet Jeune, Paris
45. Doboszyński, L. (1957). Observations on the mutual influence of grasses and Lotus corniculatus L. on the proces of germination. Ekologia Polska B 1: 63-65. (In Polish, with English abstract).
46. Doran, W. L. (1928). The growth of tobacco and brown root rot of tobacco as affected by timothy infusions of different ages. Journal Agricultural Research, 36: 281-287.
47. th International Rangeland Congress, Salt Lake City, USA.
48. Dornbos, D. L., Spencer, J. G. F. and Miller, R. W. (1990). Medicarpin delays alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth. Crop Science 30:162-166.
49. Einhellig, F. A. (1995). Mechanismn of action of allelochemicals in allelopathy. In: Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes and Applications, In: Allelopathy : Organisms, Processes and Applications, (Eds., Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini and F.A. Einhellig). ACS Symposium Series No. 582 : 96-116. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA.
50. Ells, J. E. and McSay, A. E. (1991). Allelopathic effects of alfalfa plant residues on emergence and growth of cucumber seedlings. HortScience 26: 368-370.
51. Emeterio, L. S., Arroyo, A. and Canals, R. M. (2004). Allelopathic potential of Lolium rigidum Gaud, on the early growth of three associated pasture species. Grass and Forage Science 59: 107-112.
52. Erdmann, M. H. and Harrison, C. M. (1947). The influence of domestic ryegrass and redtop upon the growth of Kentucky bluegrass and Chewing's fescue in lawn and turf mixture. Journal American Society of Agronomy 39: 682-689.
53. Falkowski, M. (1958). Meadows fatigue. Zeszyty Problemowe Postȩpów Nauk Rolniczych 13: 7-31. (In Polish).
54. th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Banska Bystrica, Czechoslovakia, June 25-29, 1990, 208-211.
55. Fitter, A. (2003). Making allelopathy respectable. Science 301: 31-45.
56. Fletcher, R. A. and Renney, D.J. (1963). A growth inhibitor found in Centaurea spp. Canadian Journal of Plant Sciences 43: 475-481.
57. Franca, A., Fara, G. F., Ledda, L., Porqueddu, C., Caredda, S. (1996). Agronomic evaluation of annual ryegrass populations for the semiarid environments. Grassland Science in Europe, 1: 87-90
58. Fujii, Y. (2001). Screening and future exploitation of allelopathic plants as alternative herbicides with special reference to hairy vetch. In: Allelopathy in Agroecosystems. (Eds., R.K. Kohli, H. P. Singh and D. R. Batish). Pp 257-275. Haworth Press Inc. Binghamton.
59. Glazener, J. A., and VanEtten H. D. (1978). Phytotoxicity of phaseollin and alteration of phaseollin by cell suspension cultures of grass Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytopathology 68:111-117.
60. Goslee, S.C., Peters, D.C. and Beck, KG. (1999). Invasion of grasslands by exotic perennial weeds: Allelopathy and soil texture effects. 84th Annual Meeting. Ecological Society of America 80
61. Goslee, S.C., Peters, D.C. and Beck, K.G. (2001). Modeling invasive weeds in grasslands: The role of allelopathy in Acroptilon repens invasions. Ecological Modelling 139: 31-45.
62. Grant, D. W., Peters, D. P. C., Beck, G. K. and Fraleigh, H.D. (2003). Influence of an exotic species, Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. on seedling emergence and growth of native grasses. Plant Ecology 166: 157-166.
63. Grant, E. A. and Sallans, W. G. (1964). Influence of plant extracts on germination and growth of eight forage species. Journal of Britisch Grassland Society 19: 191-197.
64. Guenzi, W. D., Kehr, W. D. and McCalla T. M. (1964). Water soluble phytotoxic substances in alfalfa foliage: Variation with variety, cutting, year and stage of growth. Agronomy Journal 55: 499-500.
65. th International Grassland Congress, (Eds., M.J. Baker, J. R. Crush and L. R. Humphreys), Palmerston North, Hamilton, Lincoln, pp. 11-17.
66. Hagin, R. D. (1989). Isolation and identification of 5-hydroxyindole-3- acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophan, major allelopathic aglycons in quackgrass (Agropyron repens). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 37: 1143-1149.
67. Hall, M. H. and Henderlong, P. R. (1990). Alfalfa autotoxic fraction characterization and initial separation. Crop Science 29: 425-428.
68. Harborne, J. B. (1997). Biochemical effects between higher plants. In: Biochemical ecology. 275-297 PWN Warszawa: 275-297. (In Polish).
69. Harkot, W. (1997). Effect of environmental conditions on aggressiveness of perennial ryeagrass towards timothy. Grassland Science in Europe 2: 311-314.
70. Harkot, W. (1998). Effect of environmental conditions on forms of competition between Dactylis glomerata L. and Phleum pratense L. Grassland Science in Europe 3: 67-70.
71. Harkot, W. and Jargiello, J. (1980). Laboratory tests on germintion of 3 cultivars of Phleum pratense L. in mixture with grasses and Trifolium pratense L. Biuietyn IHAR 140: 67-72. (In Polish, with English abstract).
72. Harkot, W. and Lipinska, H. (1997). Allelopathic effect of Bromus inermis Leyss. on germination, initial growth and development of some grass and papilionaceous species. Zeszyty Problemowe Postȩpów Nauk Rolniczych 452: 185-197 (In Polish, with English abstrakt).
73. Harkot, W., Czamecki, Z. and Lipinska, H. (2000). Allelopathic influence of dead leaves of chosen species of lawn grass on initial development of Lolium perenne. In: Biochemical Responses in Environmental Interactions. (Eds.Oleszek, W.) 57-58. International Conference, IUNG Pulawy 2-3 X. 2000, (In Polish, with English abstract).
74. Harkot, W., Lipińska, H. and Kupczyk, J. (1993). Allelopathic influence of leachates from seedlings of some grass species on the germination of Trifolium repens L. and Trifolium pratense L. Fragmenta Agronomica, 4: 221-222. (In Polish, with English abstract).
75. Harkot,W. and Lipińska, H. (1996). The effect of seedling root exudates of some grass and clover species on germination of their seeds. In : Conference Proceeding Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Allelopathy IUNG Pulawy (Eds. Oleszek, W.) 147-153. (In Polish, with English abstract).
76. Hegde, R. S. and Miller, D. A. (1990). Allelopathy and autotoxity in alfalfa: Characterization and effects of preceding crops and residue incorporation. Crop Science 30: 1255-1259.
77. Hegde, R. S. and Miller, D. A. (1992). Concentration dependency and stage of crop growth in alfalfa autotoxity. Agronomy Journal 84: 940-946.
78. Hoveland, C. S. (1964). Germination and seedling vigor of clovers as affected by grass root extracts. Crop Science 4: 211-213.
79. Howery, L. D. and Ruyle, G. B. (1997). Noxious weeds a disaster looking for a place to happen in Arizona. Arizona AgNic. http://ag.arizona. Edu/OALS/agnic/weeds/noxiousweedsl.html.
80. Hruszka, M. (1987). Phenolic compounds as a factor inducing soil tiring. Part II. The effect of soil Phytotoxins on the initial growth and development of plants. Acta Academiae Agriculturae at Technicae Olstenensis 44: 269-279. (In Polish, with English abstract).
81. Hurtig, J. (1953). Über die alleloptische Beeinflussung der keimföhigkeit und Triebkraft von Samen Kulturphlanzen und Unkrauter. Wiss. Zachr. Univ. Rostock 1: 145-157.
82. Inderjit and Weiner, J. (2001). Plant allelochemical interference or soil chemical ecology? Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematica 4: 3-12.
83. Inderjit, and Bhowmik, P. C. (2002). Allelochemicals phytotoxicity in function as herbicide analogues. In: Chemical Ecology of Plants: Allelopathy in Aquatic and Terrestial Ecosystems. (Eds. Inderjit and Mallik, A. U.) 187-197, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel-Boston-Berlin, 187-197.
84. Jennings, J. A. and Nelson, C. J. (1998). Influence of soil texture on alfalfa autotoxicity. Agronomy Journal 90: 54-58.
85. Jennings, J. A. and Nelson, C. J. (2002). Zone of autotoxic influence around established alfalfa plants. Agronomy Journal 94: 1104-1111.
86. Jennings, J. A., Nelson C. J. and Coutts J. H. (1996). Assessment of research and recommendations for alfalfa autotoxicity in the US. In: Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI. USA p. 126.
87. Jensen, E. H., Hartman, B. J., Lundin, F., Knapp, S. and Brookerd, B. (1981). Autotoxicity of alfalfa. Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Pp. 144.
88. Jurzysta, M., Burda, S., Oleszek, W., Ploszynski M., Small E. and Nozzolillo, C. (1992). Chemical composition of seed saponins as a guide to the classification of Medicago species. Canadian Journal of Botany 40: 1384-1387.
89. Kawate, M. K. and Appleby, A. P. (1986). The influence of perennial ryegrass residue on Italian ryegrass establishment and growth. Research Progress Report, Western Weed Science Society. 184-185.
90. Kelsey, R. G. and Locken, L. J. (1987). Phytotoxic properties of cnicin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed). Journal of Chemical Ecology 13:19-33.
91. Keogh, R. G. (1995). Oestrogens in pastures. Proceedings, Nutrition Society of New Zealand 20: 52-61.
92. Kimber, R. W. L. (1973). Phytotoxicity from plant residues. II. The efect of time of rotting of straw grasses and legumes on the growth of wheat seedlings. Plant and Soil 38: 347-361.
93. Klosa, J. (1954). Über einige die Keimung von Samen und das Wachstum von Bakterien hemmende Substanzen auf Vegetabilien. Arch. D. Pharmazie, 287: 6.
94. Knapp, R. and Linskens, H. F. (1952). Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Gräsern und Kleearten des Weidelgras-Weissklee-Rasens. Biolog. Zentralbl. 71
95. Kohoutec, A., Fojtik, A. and Horak, J. (1998). The effect of lyophilized soil extracts on germination, length of hypocotyl and root of Trifolium pretense, cv. Vesna and Festuca arundinacea cv. Kora. Rostlinna Vyroba 44: 251-260.
96. Komendar, V. I. and Lishchuk, S. S. (1991). Peculiarities of biology and distribution of Rumex species in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Ukrains 'kil Botanichnii Zhurnal 48: 45-49.
97. Kostuch, R., Janowski, B. (1998). Allelopathy and possibility of its utilisation in agroecosystems. Ekoiniynieria 10: 35-39.
98. Kozlowski, S. (1998). Factors affecting complementary seeding of grasslands - the plant. Ła̧karstwo w Polsce (Grassland Science in Poland), 1: 31-44. (In Polish, with English abstract).
99. Kraus, E., Voeten, M. and Lambert, H. (2002). Allelopathic and autotoxic interactions in selected populations of Lolium perenne grown in monoculture and mixed culture. Functional Plant Biology 29: 1465-1473.
100. Kryszak, J. and Rogalski, M. (1997). Influence of selected grass species on initial growth of Trifolium repens. Zeszyty Problemowe Poslȩpów Nauk Rolniczych 451: 325-331. (In Polish, with English abstract).
101. Kryzeviciené, A. and Paplauskiené, V. (2004). Estimation of allelopathic potential of perennial grasses. Zeszyty Problemowe Postȩpów Nauk Rolniczych 496: 331-341.
102. Kull, K. and Zobel, M. (1991). High species richness in an Estonian wooded meadow. Journal of Vegetation Science 1: 715-718.
103. Lawrence, T. and Kilcher, M. R. (1962). The effect of fourteen root extracts upon germination and seedling length of 15 plant species. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 42: 308-313.
104. Leigh, J. H., Halsall, D. M. and Holgate, M. D. (1995). The role of allelopathy in legume decline in pastures. I. Effects of pasture and crop residues on germination and survival of subterranean clover in the field and nursery. Australian Journal Agricultural Research 46: 179-188.
105. Li, H. Y. (1981). The Autotoxic Effect of Alfalfa Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth. M.S. thesis, The Ohio State Univ. Columbus.
106. Lipińska, H. (1999). Allelopathic Effect of Poa pratensis L on Some Grass Species. Doctoral Thesis. Agricultural University, Lublin, p. 101 (in Polish).
107. Lipińska, H. (2001). Influence of water extracts from Poa pratensis L. soil on chosen grass species. International Scientific and Practical Conference,, Agraarian Education and Science at the Beginning of the Third Millennium" Lvov, Ukraine. Pp. 276-281
108. Lipińska, H. (2005). Preliminary growth and development of Lolium perenne under conditions of allelopathic stress, Ła̧karstwo w Polsce (Grassland Science in Poland) 8: 115-122. (In Polish, with English abstract).
109. Lipińska, H. and Harkot, W. (1998). Phytotoxins from old roots of Poa pratensis as factor to inhibit seed germination of grasses. La̧karstwo w Polsce (Grassland Science in Poland) 1: 159-164. (In Polish, with English abstract).
110. Lipińska, H. and Harkot, W. (1999). Allelopathic effect of Poa pratensis L root exudates on germination and initial growth and development of Phleum pratense L. Lqkarstwo w Polsce (Grassland Science in Poland) 1: 75-80. (In Polish, with English abstract).
111. Lipińska, H. and Harkot, W. (2000). Allelopathic influence of dead leaves of Poa pratensis L. on an initial growth and development of Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca pratensis Huds. i Phleum pratense L. Lqkarstwo w Polsce (Grassland Science in Poland) 3: 95-104. (In Polish, with English abstract).
112. Lipińska, H. and Harkot, W. (2000). Effect of allelopatic substances present in soil below pasture sward of Poa pratensis type on germination and initial growth and development of some grass species. Zeszyty Naukowe AR w Krakowie 368: 211-217. (In Polish, with English abstract).
113. Lipińska, H. and Harkot, W. (2005). Allelopathic effects of water leachates of Poa pratensis leaves. Allelopathy Journal 16: 251-260.
114. Lipińska, H. and Oleszek, W. (2002). Application of RERS (Root Exudate Recirculating System) for the studies of allelopathic potential of Poa pratensis. Allelopathy Journal 10: 39-44.
115. Luu, K. T., Matches, A. G. and Peters, E. J. (1982). Allelopatic effects of tall fescue on birds trefoil as influenced by N fertilization and seasonal changes. Agronomy Journal 74: 805-808.
116. Luu, K. T., Matches, A. G., Nelson, C. J., Peters, E. J. and Gamer, G. B. (1989). Characterization of inhibitory substances of tall fescue on birdsfoot trefoil. Crop Science 29:407-412.
117. Macfarlane, M. J., Scott, D. and Jarvis, P. (1982). Allelopathic effects of white clover. 1. Germination and chemical bioassay. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Researches 25: 503-510.
118. Mahlcke, E. (1951). Untersuchungen über die Einflüsse der Schafgarbe auf die Nährstoffleistung des Deutschen Weidelgrasses und über ihre Eignung als Weidepflanze für trockene Lagen. Halle, 1951.
119. Malinowski, D. P., Alloush, G. A. and Belesky, D. P. (1998). Evidence for chemical changes on the root surface of tall fescue in response to infection with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Plant and Soil 205: 1-12.
120. Malinowski, D. P., Belesky, D. P. and Fedders, J. M. (1999). Endophyte infection may affect the competitive ability of tall fescue grown with red clover. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 183:91-101.
121. Mandava, N. B. (1985). Chemistry and biology of allelopathic agents. In: The Chemistry of Allelopathy. (Ed., A. C Thompson). ACS Symposium Series 268: 33-54. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
122. Marks, S., Clay, K., and Cheplick, G. P. (1991). Effects of fungal endophytes on interspecific and intraspecific competition in the grasses Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne. Journal of Applied Ecology 28: 194-204.
123. Mattner, S. W. and Parbery, D. G. (2001). Rust-enhanced allelopathy of perennial ryegrass against white clover. Agronomy Journal 93:54-59.
124. Miller, D. A. (1987). Allelopathy in alfalfa and other forage crops, (Ed., C. R. Grau,). 20th Central Alfalfa Improvement Conference, Urbana, IL.. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. Pp. 6-7.
125. Miller, D. A. (1996). Allelopathy in forage crop systems. Agronomy Journal Pp. 88: 854-859.
126. Miller, R. W., Kleiman, R., Powell, R. G. and Putnam, A. R. (1988). Germination and growth inhibitors of alfalfa. Journal of Natural Products 51: 328-330.
127. Mossor-Pietraszewska, T. (1999). Biochemical aspects of ecology. In: Compendium on Ecology (Eds., J. Strzalko and T. Mossor-Pietraszewska,). Pp. 118-167. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa-Poznań, 1999, 118-167.
128. Muir, A. D. and Majak, W. (1983). Allelopathic potential of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) extracts. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 63: 989-996.
129. Murphy, S.D. and Aarssen, L.W. (1995). Allelopathic pollen extract from Phleum pratense L. (Poaceae) reduces germination, in vitro, of pollen of sympatric species. International Journal of Plant Science 156: 425-434.
130. Murphy, S.D. and Aarssen, L.W. (1995). Allelopathic pollen extract from Phleum pratense L. (Poaceae) reduces seed set in sympatric species. International Journal of Plant Sciences 156: 435-444.
131. Murphy, S.D. and Aarssen, L.W. (1995). Reduced seed set in Elytrigia repens caused by allelopathic pollen from Phleum pratense. Canadian Journal of Botany 73: 1417-1422.
132. Naqvi, H. H. and Muller, C. H. (1975). Biochemical inhibition allelopathy exhibited by Italian ryegrass /Lolium multiflorum L. Pakistan Journal of Botany 7: 139-147.
133. Narwal, S. S. (1994). Allelopathy in Crop Production. Scientific Publisher, Jodhpur, India
134. Newman, E. L. and Rovira, A. D. (1975). Allelopathy among some British grassland species. Journal Ecology 63: 727-737.
135. Nielsen, K. F., Cuddy, T. F. and Woods, W. B. (1960). The influence of the extracts of some crops and soil residues on germination and growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 40:188-197.
136. Nowiński, M. (1961). Current state of allelopathy studies. Postȩpy Nauk Rolniczych 3 (69), 39-55.
137. Oleszek, W. (1996). Allelopathy - historical outline, definition, glossary. Conference Proceeding, Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Allelopathy, IUNG Pulawy, Poland. Pp. 5-15. (In Polish).
138. Oleszek, W. (2000). Alfalfa saponins: Structure, biological activity, chemotaxonomy. In : Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, (Eds., G. R. Waller, and K. Yamasaki) 405:155-170, Plenum Press, New York.
139. Oleszek, W., Jurzysta M., Price, K. R. and Fenwick, G. R. (1990). High-performance liquid chromatography of alfalfa root saponins. Journal Chromatography 519: 109-116.
140. th International Botanical Congress. Stockholm, 789-796.
141. Patrick, Z. A. and Koch, L. W. (1958). Inhibition of respiration, germination and growth by substances arising during the decomposition of certain plant residues in the soil. Canadian Journal of Botany, 36:621-647.
142. Pederson, G. A. (1985). Allelopathic effects of tall fescue on germination and seedling growth of white clover genotypes. Proceedings, XV International Grassland Congress Kyoto, Japan. 24-31 Aug. 1985, Pp.323-324
143. Pedrol, N., Ramos, P., Bolano, J. C. and Reigosa, M. J. (1996). Potentially allelopathic compounds production in velvet-grass under stress conditions. First World Congress on Allelopathy, Cadiz (Spain), Pp. 61.
144. Peters, E. J. (1968). Toxicity of tall fescue to rape and birdsfoot trefoil seeds and seedlings. Crop Science, 8: 650-653.
145. Peters, E. J. and Zam Mohammed, A. H. (1981). Allelopatic effects of tall fescue genotypes. Agronomy Journal 73: 56-58.
146. Plantureux, S., Peeters, A. and McCracken, D. (2005). Biodiversity in intensive grasslands: effect of management, improvement and challenges. Grassland Science in Europe 10: 417-426.
147. Politycka, B. Kozłowska, M. and Mielcarz, B. (2003). Involvement of peroxidase and lipoxygenase in cucumber response to allelochemical stress induceed by hydroxycinnamic acids. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 25: 38.
148. th Australian Weeds Conference, Pp. 436-439.
149. Prończuk, J. (1986). Genesis of plant cover In: Plant World (Eds. J. Prończuk,), Pp. 419-430, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, Poland. 1986, 419-430.
150. Putnam, A. R. and Duke, W. B. (1978). Allelopathy in agroecosystems. Annual Review of Phytopathology 16:431-451.
151. Putnam, A. R. and Tang, C. S. (1986). The Science of Allelopathy. (Eds., A. R. Putnam,and C. S. Tang,), John Wiley.and Sons, New York.
152. Quigley, P. E., Snell, F. J., Cunningham, P. J. and Frost, W. (1990). The effects of endophyte infected ryegrass on the establishment, persistence and production of mixed pastures in Australia. Proceedings, International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions. Nov. 1993. Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, USA. Pp. 49-50.
153. Ralski, E. and Makowiecki, J. (1962). Studies on allelopathy. Part I. Seeds and seedlings. Zeszyty Naukowe WSR we Wroclawiu 44: 83-105. (In Polish, with English abstract).
154. Renne, I. J., Rios, B. G., Fehmi, J. S. and Tracy B. F. (2004), Low allelopathic potential of an invasive forage grass on native grassland plants: a cause for encouragement? Basic and Applied Ecology 5: 261-269.
155. Reynolds, S. G., Batello, C., Baas, S. and Mack, S. (2005). Grassland and range to improve livelihoods and reduce poverty. In: Grassland: A Global Resource (Eds., D.A. McGilloway), Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, Pp.: 323-338,
156. Rice, E. L. (1984). Allelopathy. Academic Press, New York
157. Ridenour, W. M. and Callaway, R. M. (2001). The relative importance of allelopathy in interference: The effects of an invasive weed on a native bunchgrass. Oecologia 126:444-450.
158. Roche, C. T. and Roche, B. F. Jr. T. (1988). Distribution and amount of four knapweed (Centaurea L.) species in eastern Washington. Northwest Science 62: 242-253.
159. Rutherford, M. C. and Powrie, L. W. (1993). Allel0ochemic control of biomass allocation in interacting shrub species. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 19: 893-906.
160. Sammul, M., Kull, K. and Tamm, A. (2003). Clonal growth in a species-rich grassland: Results of a 20-year fertilization experiment. Folia Geobotanica 38: 1-20.
161. Schreiner, O. and Reed, H. S. (1907). The production of deleterious excretions by roots. Bull Torrey Botany Club 34: 279-303.
162. Schreiner, O. and Reed, H.S. (1908). The toxic action of certain organic plant constituents. Botany Gazette 34:73-102.
163. Sempolowski, A. (1900). Grasses. X Encyklopedia Rolnicza, t. X, Warszawa, 24. (In Polish)
164. Siegel, M. R., Latch, G. C. M., Bush, L. P., Fannin, F. F., Rowan, D. D., Tapper, B. A., Bacon, C. W., and Johnson, M. C. (1990). Fungal endophyte-infected grasses: Alkaloid accumulation and aphid response. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16: 3301-3315.
165. Smith, A. E. (1987). Increasing importance and control of Mayweed chamomile in forage crops. Agronomy Journal 79:657-660.
166. Smith, A. E. (1989). Allelopathic influence of certain pasture weeds. Proceedings, XVI International Grassland Congres, 4-11 October 1989, Nice, France, 747-748.
167. Smith, A. E. (1996). Accumulation of phytoalexins: Defence mechanism and stimulus response system. New Phytology. 132:1-45.
168. Smith, A. E. and Martin, L. D. (1994). Allelopathic characteristics of three cool-season grass species in the forage ecosystem. Agronomy Journal 86: 243-246.
169. Smolikova, M. and Bartosova, L. (1997). Allelopathic effects on germination percentage some leguminous and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Rostlinna Vyroba 43: 425-429.
170. Spessard, G.O., Hanson C., Halvorson J.S., and Giannini J. L. (1994). Effects of phaseollin on membrane leakage in red beet vacuoles and tonoplast vesicles. Phytochemistry 35: 43-47.
171. Spring, O. and Hagar, A. (1982). Inhibition of elongation growth by two sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Helianthus annuus L. Planta 156:433-440.
172. Springer, T. L. (1996). Allelopathic effects on germination and seedling growth of clovers by endophyte-free and -infected tall fescue. Crop Science 36: 1639-1642.
173. Spyreas, G., Gibson, D. J. and Middleton, B. A. (2001). Effects of endophyte infection in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea: Poaceae) on community diversity. International Journal of Plant Science 162: 1237-1245.
174. Stańko-Bródkowa, B. (2001). Persistence of perennial grasses: growth, death, life span. Postȩpy Nauk Rolniczych 6:49-62. (In Polish, with English abstract).
175. Stephenson, R. J. and Posler, G. L. (1988). The influence of tall fescue on the germination, seedling growth and yield of birdsfoot trefoil. Grass and Forage Science 43:273-278.
176. Sutherland, B. L. and Hoglund, J. H. (1990). Effect of ryegrass containing the endophyte Acremonium lolii on associated white clover. Proceedings, International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions. Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn., Baton Rouge, 67-71.
177. Sutherland, B. L., Hume, D. E. and Tapper, B. A. (1999). Allelopathic effects of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass extracts on white clover seedlings. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 42: 19-26.
178. Takahashi, Y., Otani, I., Uozumi, S., Yoden, Y. and Igarashi, R. (1988). Studies on the allelopathie interactions among some grassland species. I. Effect
179. Takahashi, Y., Otani, I., Uozumi, S., Yoden, Y. and Igarashi, R. (1991). Studies of allelopathic interactions among some grassland species. II. Assessment of the allelopathic interaction between perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) using root exudates recirculating system. Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science 37: 274-282.
180. Takahashi, Y., Uozumi, S., Ono, S. and Yoden, Y. (1985). Italian ryegrass response to allelopathic effects of stubble-residues from several tropical grasses. Proceedings, XV International Grassland Congress, Kyoto, Japan. Pp. 1985,382-384.
181. Takahashi, Y., Uozumi, S., Ono, S. and Yoden, Y. (1986). Effect of aqueous extracts of stubble residues from several tropical grasses on germination and seedling growth of Italian ryegrass. Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science 31: 397-404.
182. Tang, C. S. (1986). Continuous trapping techniques for the study of allelochemicals from higher plants. In: The Science of Allelopathy, (Eds., A. R. Putnam and C. S. Tang,) Pp. 113-131, John Willey and Sons, New York.
183. Tesar, M. B. (1993). Delayed seeding of alfalfa avoids autotoxicity after plowing or glyphosate treatment of established stands. Agronomy Journal 85: 256-263.
184. Timbal, J., Gelpe, J. and Garbaye, J. (1990). Preliminary study of the effect of Molinia coerulea on growth and mycorrhizal status of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) seedlings. Annales des Sciences Foresteires 47: 643-649.
185. Touchette, R., Lerouz, G. D. and Deschenes, J. M. (1988). Allelopathic activity of quackgrass (Agropyron repens) extracts and residues of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Canadian Journal Plant Science 68: 785-792.
186. Vivanco, J. M., Bais, H. P., Stermitz, F. R., Thelen, G. C. and Callaway, R. M. (2004). Biogeographical variation in community response to root allelochemistry: novel weapons and exotic invasion. Ecology Letters 7: 285-292.
187. th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, 284-287.
188. Wardle, D. A., Nicholson, K. S. and Rahman, A. (1996). Use of a comparative approach to identify allelopathic potential and relationship between allelopathy bioassays and competition experiments for ten grassland plant species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 22: 5: 933-948.
189. Wardle, D. A., Nilsson, M. C., Gallet, C. and Zackrisson, O. (1998). An ecosystem level perspective of allelopathy. Biological Reviews 73: 305-319.
190. Welbank, L. A. (1960). Toxin production from Agropyron repens. In:The Biology of Weeds. Symposium of the British Ecological Society, 2-4 April 1959. Pp. 158-16. Blakwell, Oxford, U.K.
191. Weston, L. A. (1990). Cover crop and herbicide influence on row crop seedling establishment in notillage culture. Weed Science 38: 166-171.
192. Weston, L. A., 1997. Utilization of allelopathy for weed management in agroecosystem. Agronomy Journal 88: 860-866.
193. Weston, L. A. and Putnam, A. R. (1985). Inhibition of growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation on legumes by Quackgrass. Crop Science 25: 561-566.
194. Weston, L. A. and Putnam, A. R. (1986). Inhibition of legume seedling growth by residues and extracts of quackgrass (Agropyron repens). Weed Science 34: 366-372.
195. Wójcik-Wojtkowiak, D., Politycka, B., Schneider, M. and Perkowski, J. (1990). Phenolic substances as allelopatic agents arising during the degradation of rye (Secale cereale) tissues. Plant and Soil 124: 143-147.
196. Wu, H., Pratley, J., Lemerle, D. and Haig, T. (2000). Evaluation of seedling allelopathy in 453 wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) by the equal-compertment-agar method. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51: 937-944.
197. Wu-Lin, Guo-Xun and Harivandi, M. A. (1998). Allelopathic effects of phenolic acids detected in buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) clippings on growth of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and buffalograss seedling. Environmental and Experimental Botany 39: 159-167.
198. www.gisp.org./about/IAS.asp - Global Invasive Species Programme.
199. Young, C. C. and Bartholomew, D. P. (1981). Allelopathy in a grass-legume association: I. Effects of Hermarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf and Hubb. root residues on the growth of Desmodium intortum (Mill) Urb. and Hemarthria altissima in a tropical soil. Crop Science 21: 770-774.
200. Young, J. A., Evans, R. E. and Weaver, R. A. (1976). Estimating potential downy brome competition after wildfires. Journal of Range Management 29: 322-325.
201. Zam Mohammed, A. H. B. (1977). Allelopathic Effects of Various Tall Fescue Clones on Germination and Growth of Red Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia.