Tansley review no. 86. Accumulation of phytoalexins: Defence mechanism and stimulus response system

New Phytologist

Volumn 132, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-45

  Smith, C J ^a  

^a SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cyclic nucleotides; Elicitors; Phytoalexins; Plant defence mechanisms; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030020066     PISSN: 0028646X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04506.x     Document Type: Review

References (464)

1. Afek U, Sztejnberg A. 1988. Accumulation of scoparone, a phytoalexin associated with resistance of citrus to Phytophthora citrophthora. Phytopathology 78: 1678-1682.
2. Afek U, Sztejnberg A. 1989. Effects of fosetyl-A and phosphorous acid on scoparone, a phytoalexin associated with the resistance of Citrus to Phytophthora citrophthora. Phytopathology 79: 736-739.
3. Afek U, Sztejnberg A. 1993. Temperature and gamma irradiation effects on scoparone, a citrus phytoalexin conferring resistance to Phytophthora citrophthora. Phytopathology 83: 753-758.
4. 2+ channels in isolated red beet root vacuole membrane by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Nature 343: 567-570.
5. Alghisi P, Favaron F. 1995. Pectin-degrading enzymes and plant-parasite interactions. European Journal of Plant Pathology 101: 365-375.
6. Ali MK, Lepoivre P, Semal J. 1993. Scoparone elicitor activity release by phosphonic acid treatment of Phytophthora citrophthora mycelia mimics the incompatible response of phosphonic acid-treated Citrus leaves inoculated with this fungus. Plant Science 93: 55-61.
7. Allen CR, Hadwiger LA. 1979. The fungicidal effect of chitosan on fungi of varying cell wall composition. Experimental Mycology 3: 285-287.
8. Alphey TJW, Robertson WM, Lyon GD. 1988. Rishitin, a natural plant product with nematicidal activity. Review of Nematalogy 11: 399-404.
9. Amin M, Kurosaki F, Nishi A. 1986. Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by carrot phytoalexin. Phytochemistry 25: 2305-2307.
10. 2+, calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in carrot cells. Phytochemistry 26: 51-53.
11. Amin M, Kurosaki F, Nishi A. 1988. Carrot phytoalexin alters the membrane permeability of Candida albicans and multilamellar liposomes. Journal of General Microbiology 134: 241-246.
12. Amrhein N, Deus B, Gehrke P, Steinrücken HC. 1980. The site of the inhibition of the shikimate pathway by glyphosate. II. Interference of glyphosate with chorismate formation in vivo and in vitro. Plant Physiology 66: 830-834.
13. Anderson AJ. 1989. The biology of glycoproteins as elicitors. In: Kosuge T, Nester EW, eds. Plant-Microbe Interactions, vol 3, Molecular and Genetic Perspectives. New York: McGraw-Hill, 87-130.
14. Apostol I, Heinstein PF, Low PS. 1989. Rapid stimulation of an oxidative burst during elicitation of cultured plant cells. Plant Physiology 90: 109-116.
15. Arnoldi A, Farina G, Galli R, Merlini L, Parrino MG. 1986. Analogues of phytoalexins. Synthesis of some 3-phenyl coumarins and their fungicidal activity. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 34: 181-185.
16. Arnoldi A, Carughi M, Farina G, Merlini L, Parrino M. 1989. Synthetic analogues of phytoalexins. Synthesis and antifungal activity of potential free-radical scavengers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 37: 508-512.
17. Arnoldi A, Merlini L. 1990. Lipophilicity-antifungal relationships for some isoflavonoid phytoalexins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38: 834-838.
18. Arnott T, Murphy TM. 1991. A comparison of the effects of a fungal elicitor and ultraviolet radiation on ion transport and hydrogen peroxide synthesis by rose cells. Environmental and Experimental Botany 31: 209-216.
19. Aronson JM. 1981. Cell wall chemistry, ultrastructure and metabolism. In: Cole GT, Kendrick B, eds. Biology of Conidial Fungi, vol. 2. New York: Academic Press, 459-507.
20. Ausubel FM, Katagari F, Mindrinos M, Glazebrook J. 1995. Use of Arabidopsis thaliana defense-related mutants to dissect the plant response to pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92: 4189-4196.
21. Ayers AR, Ebel J, Finelli F, Berger N, Albersheim P. 1976a. Host-pathogen interactions. IX. Quantitative assays of elicitor activity and characterization of the elicitor present in the extracellular medium of cultures of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae. Plant Physiology 57: 751-759.
22. Ayers AR, Ebel J, Valent B, Albersheim P. 1976b. Host-pathogen interactions. X. Fractionation and biological activity of an elicitor isolated from the mycelial walls of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae. Plant Physiology 57: 760-765.
23. Ayers AR, Valent B, Ebel J, Albersheim P. 1976c. Host-pathogen interactions. XI. Composition and structure of wall-released elicitor fractions. Plant Physiology 57: 766-774.
24. + efflux and 4-hyroxybenzoic acid synthesis in protoplasts of carrot. Plant Physiology 103: 407-412.
25. Bailey JA. 1974. The relationship between symptom expression and phytoalexin concentration in hypocotyls of Phaseolus vulgaris infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological Plant Pathology 4: 477-488.
26. Bailey JA, Mansfield JW. 1982. Phytoalexins. Glasgow and London: Blackie.
27. Bakker J, Gommers FJ, Smits L, Fuchs A, de Vries FW. 1983. Photoactivation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins. Photochemistry and Photobiology 38: 323-327.
28. Bass CW, Fath A, Boller T. 1993. High affinity binding of a glycopeptide elicitor to tomato cells and microsomal membranes and displacement by specific glycan suppressors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268: 14724-14731.
29. Bayles CJ, Aist JR. 1987. Apparent calcium mediation of resistance of an ml-o barley mutant to powdery mildew. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 30: 337-345.
30. Beissmann B, Kogel K-H. 1992. Identification and characterization of suppressors. In: Linskens HF, Jackson JF, eds. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, vol. 13, Plant Toxin Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 259-275.
31. Benhamou N, Theriault G. 1992. Treatment with chitosan enhances resistance of tomato to the crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41: 33-52.
32. Bennett MH, Gallagher MDS, Bestwick CS, Rossiter JT, Mansfield JW. 1994. The phytoalexin response of lettuce to challenge by Botrytis cinerea, Bremia lactucae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 44: 321-333.
33. Berridge MJ. 1993. Inositol trisphosphate and calcium signalling. Nature 361: 315-325.
34. Berridge MJ, Irvine RF. 1989. Inositol phosphates and cell signalling. Nature 341: 197-205.
35. Blechert S, Brodschelm W, Holder S, Kammerer L, Kutchan TM, Mueller MJ, Xia Z-Q, Zenk MH. 1995. The octadecanoic pathway: signal molecules for the regulation of secondary pathways. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 92: 4099-4105.
36. Blein J-P, Milat M-L, Ricci P. 1991. Responses of cultured tobacco cells to cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor from Phytophthora cryptogea. Plant Physiology 95: 486-491.
37. Blowers DP, Trewavas AJ. 1989. Second messengers: their existence and relationship to protein kinases. In: Boss WF, Morré DJ, eds. Second Messengers in Plant Growth and Development. Plant Biology, Vol. 6. New York: Alan Liss, 1-28.
38. Bol JF, Linthorst HJM, Meuwissen RLJ. 1991. Molecular responses of tobacco to virus infection. In: Smith CJ, ed. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 109-125.
39. Bolwell GP. 1992. A role for phosphorylation in the down-regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in suspension cultured cells of French bean. Photochemistry 31: 4081-4086.
40. Bolwell GP, Coulson V, Rodgers MW, Murphy DL, Jones D. 1991. Modulation of the elicitation response in cultured french bean cells and its implication for the mechanism of signal transduction. Photochemistry 30: 397-405.
41. Boller T. 1991. Ethylene in pathogenesis and disease resistance. In: Mattoo AK, Suttle JC, eds. The Plant Hormone Ethylene. Florida, USA: CRC Press, 293-314.
42. Bollmann J, Hahlbrock K. 1990. Timing of changes in protein synthesis pattern in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum crispum). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 45C: 1011-1020.
43. Bolwell GP, Mavandad M, Millar DJ, Edwards KH, Schuch W, Dixon RA. 1988. Inhibition of mRNA levels and activities by trans-cinnamic acid in elicitor induced bean cells. Phytochemistry 27: 2109-2117.
44. Bompeiz G, Ravisé A, Raynal G. 1980. Modalités de l'obtention des nécroses bloquantes sur feuilles detechées de tomate par l'action du tris-o-éthyl phosphonate d'aluminium (phoséthyl d'aluminium), hypothèses sur son mode d'action in vivo. Annales de Phytopathologie 12: 337-351.
45. Bordin APA, Mayama S, Tani T. 1991. Potential elicitors for avenalumin accumulation in oat leaves. Nippon Shokubutsu Byori Gakkaiho 57: 688-695.
46. Boss WF. 1989. Phosphoinositide metabolism: its relation to signal transduction in plants. In: Boss WF, Morré DJ, eds. Second Messengers in Plant Growth and Development. New York: Alan R Liss, 29-56.
47. Bostock RM, Kuć JA, Laine RA. 1981. Eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids from Phytophthora infestans elicit fungitoxic sesquiterpenes in the potato. Science 212: 67-69.
48. Bostock RM, Laine RA, Kuć JA. 1982. Factors affecting the elicitation of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin accumulation by eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids in potato. Plant Physiology 70: 1417-1424.
49. Bostock RM, Schaeffer DA, Hammerschmidt R. 1986. Comparison of elicitor activities of arachidonic acid, fatty acids and glucans from Phytophthora infestans in hypersensitivity expression in potato tuber. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 29: 349-360.
50. Boydston R, Paxton JD, Koeppe DE. 1983. Glyceollin: a site-specific inhibitor of electron transport in isolated soyabean mitochondria. Plant Physiology 72: 151-155.
51. Brodelius P, Funk C, Haner A, Villegas M. 1989. A procedure for the determination of optimal chitosan concentrations for elicitation of cultured plant cells. Phytochemistry 28: 2651-2654.
52. Broekart WF, van Parijs J, Allen AK, Peumans W. 1988. Comparison of some molecular, enzymatic and antifungal properties of chitinases from thorn-apple, tobacco and wheat. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33: 319-331.
53. Bruce RJ, West CA. 1982. Elicitation of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean. The role of pectic fragments of the plant cell wall in elicitation by a fungal endopolygalacturonase. Plant Physiology 69: 1181-1188.
54. Bruce RJ, West CA. 1989. Elicitation of lignin biosynthesis and isoperoxidase activity by pectic fragments in suspension cultures of castor bean. Plant Physiology 91: 889-897.
55. Bryan IB, Rathmal WG, Friend J. 1985. The role of lipid and non-lipid components of Phytophthora infestans in the elicitation of the hypersensitive response in potato tuber tissue. Physiological Plant Pathology 26: 331-341.
56. Bull CA. 1981. Studies on the fungitoxicity and relevance to disease resistance, of the phytoalexin, kievitone. Ph.D. thesis, University of Hull, UK.
57. Callow JA. 1984. Cellular and molecular recognition between higher plants and fungal pathogens. In: Linskens HF, Heslop-Harrison J, eds. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol. 17, Cellular Interactions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 212-237.
58. Carricarte VC, Bianchini GM, Muschietti JP, Tellez-Inon MT, Perticari A, Torres N, Flawia MM. 1988. Adenylate cyclase activity in a higher plant, alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Biochemical Journal 249: 807-811.
59. Castoria R, Fanelli C, Fabri AA, Passi S. 1992. Metabolism of arachidonic acid involved in its eliciting activity in potato tuber. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41: 127-137.
60. Castoria R, Altamura MM, Fabri AA, Tomassi M, Fanelli C. 1995. Interrelationships between browning and phytoalexin accumulation elicited by arachidonic acid. Journal of Plant Physiology 145: 209-214.
61. Cervone F, De Lorenzo G, Degra L, Salvi G. 1987. Elicitation of necrosis in Vigna unguiculata Walp. by homogenous Aspergillus niger endo-polygalacturonase and by α-D-galacturonate oligomers. Plant Physiology 85: 626-630.
62. Cervone F, Hahn MG, De Lorenzo G, Darvill A, Albersheim P. 1989. Host-pathogen interactions. XXXIII. A plant protein converts a fungal pathogenesis factor into an elicitor of plant defenses. Plant Physiology 90: 542-548.
63. Chai HB, Doke N. 1987. Superoxide generation: a response of potato leaves to infection with Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 77: 645-649.
64. Chalova LI, Audyushko SA, Karavaeva KA, Yurganova LA, Ozeretskovskaya OL. 1988. The active constituent of the elicitor of protective responses in potato. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 24: 789-794.
65. Chappell J, Von Lanken C, Voegeli V. 1991. Elicitor-inducible 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity is required for sesquiterpene accumulation in tobacco cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiology 97: 693-698.
66. Cheong J-J, Alba R, Cote F, Enkerli J, Hahn M. 1993. Solubilisation of functional plasma membrane-localized hepta-β-glucoside elicitor-binding proteins from soyabean. Plant Physiology 103: 1173-1182.
67. Cheong J-J, Birberg W, Fügedi P, Pilotti A, Garegg PJ, Hong N, Ogawa T, Hahn MG. 1991. Structure-activity relations of oligo-β-glucoside elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation in soyabean. The Plant Cell 3: 127-136.
68. Cheong J-J, Hahn MG. 1991. A specific, high-affinity binding site for the hepta-β-glucoside elicitor exists in soyabean membranes. The Plant Cell 3: 137-147.
69. Chiatante D, Newton RP, Brown EG. 1987. Properties of a multifunctional 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from Lactuca cotyledons: comparison with mammalian enzymes capable of hydrolysing pyrimidine cyclic nucleotides. Phytochemistry 26: 1301-1306.
70. 2+, and lipoxygenase in arachidonic acid induction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase genes and isoprenoid accumulation in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant Physiology 104: 1237-1244.
71. Choi D, Bostock R, Avdiushko S, Hildebrand DF. 1994. Lipid-derived signals that discriminate wound- and pathogen-responsive isoprenoid pathways in plants: methyl jasmonate and the fungal elicitor arachidonic acid induce different 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase genes and antimicrobial isoprenoids in Solanum tuberosum L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91: 2329-2333.
72. Choudhary AD, Lamb CJ, Dixon RA. 1990. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). VI. Differential responsiveness of chalcone synthase induction to fungal elicitor or glutathione in electroporated protoplasts. Plant Physiology 94: 1802-1807.
73. Classen D, Ward EWB. 1985. Temperature-induced susceptibility of soyabeans to Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea: production and activity of elicitors of glyceollin. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 26: 289-296.
74. Cline K, Albersheim P. 1981a. Host-pathogen interactions. XVI. Purification and characterisation of a β-glucosyl hydrolase/transferase from the walls of suspension cultured soyabean cells. Plant Physiology 68: 207-220.
75. Cline K, Albersheim P. 1981b. Host-pathogen interactions. XVII. Hydrolysis of biologically active glucans by enzymes isolated from soyabean cells. Plant Physiology 68: 221-228.
76. Cohen Y, Gisi U, Mosinger E. 1991. Systemic resistance of potato plants against Phytophthora infestans induced by unsaturated fatty acids. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 38: 255-263.
77. Cohen Y, Gisi U, Niderman T. 1993. Local and systemic protection against Phytophthora infestans in potato and tomato plants by Jasmonic acid and Jasmonic methyl ester. Phytopathology 83: 1054-1062.
78. Coleman MJ, Mainzer J, Dickerson AG. 1992. Characterization of a fungal glycoprotein that elicits a defence response in French bean. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 40: 333-351.
79. Colling G, Giles R, Cramer M, Nass N, Moka R, Jaenicke L. 1988. Measurement of 3′,5′-cyclic AMP in biological samples using a specific monoclonal antibody. Second Messengers and Phosphoprotein 12: 123-133.
80. Collmer A, Keen NT. 1986. The role of pectic enzymes in plant pathogenesis. Annual Review of Plant Pathology 24: 383-409.
81. Conrath U, Domard A, Kauss H. 1989. Chitosan-elicited synthesis of callose and of coumarin derivatives in parsley cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Report 8: 152-155.
82. + release, and increases coumarin synthesis in parsley cells. FEBS Letters 279: 141-144.
83. Cooke CJ, Newton RP, Smith CJ, Walton TJ. 1989. Pathogenic elicitation of phytoalexin in lucerne tissue: involvement of cyclic AMP in the intracellular mechanism. Biochemical Society Transactions 17: 919-920.
84. 3 in lucerne cells in suspension culture. Biochemical Society Transactions 19: 359S.
85. Cooke CJ, Smith CJ, Newton RP, Walton TJ. 1991b. Effects of a phytoalexin elicitor on levels of inositol phosphates in lucerne cells in suspension culture. Biochemical Society Transactions 19: 94S.
86. Cooke CJ, Smith CJ, Walton TJ, Newton RP. 1994. Evidence that cyclic AMP is involved in the hypersensitive response of Medicago sativa to a fungal elicitor. Photochemistry 35: 889-895.
87. Cosio EG, Frey T, Ebel J. 1990a. Solubilization of soyabean membrane binding sites for fungal β-glucans that elicit phytoalexin accumulation. FEBS Letters 264: 235-238.
88. Cosio EG, Frey T, Ebel J. 1992. Identification of a high-affinity binding protein for a hepta-β-glucoside phytoalexin elicitor in soyabean. European Journal of Biochemistry 204: 1115-1123.
89. Cosio EG, Frey T, Verduyn R, van Boom J, Ebel J. 1990b. High-affinity binding of a synthetic heptaglucoside and fungal glucan phytoalexin elicitors to soyabean membranes. FEBS Letters 271: 223-226.
90. Cosio EG, Popperl H, Schmidt WE, Ebel J, 1988. High-affinity binding of a fungal β-glucan fragment to soyabean (Glycine max L.) microsomal fragments and protoplasts. European Journal of Biochemistry 175: 309-315.
91. Coté F, Cheong J-J, Alba R, Hahn M. 1995. Characterization of binding proteins that recognize oligoglucoside elicitors of phytoalexin synthesis in soyabean. Phvsiologia Plantarum 93: 401-410.
92. Coté GC, Crain RC. 1993. Biochemistry of phosphoinositides. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 44: 333-356.
93. Coté GC, Hahn MG. 1994. Oligosaccharins: structures and signal transduction. Plant Molecular Biology 26: 1379-1411.
94. Cramer CL, Ryder TB, Bell JN, Lamb CJ. 1985. Rapid switching of plant gene expression by fungal elicitor. Science 227: 1240-1243.
95. Creamer JR, Bostock RM. 1986. Characterization and biological activity of phospholipids from Phytophthora infestans in the elicitation of the hypersensitive response of potato tuber. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28: 215-225.
96. Creamer JR, Bostock RM. 1988. Contribution of eicosapolyenoic fatty acids to the sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin elicitor activities of Phytophthora infestans spores. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32: 49-59.
97. Croft KPC, Juttner F, Slusarenko AJ. 1993. Volatile products of the lipoxygenase pathway evolved from Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Plant Physiology 101: 13-24.
98. Croft KPC, Voisey CR, Slusarenko AJ. 1990. Mechanism of hypresensitive cell collapse: correlation of increased lipoxygenase activity with membrane damage in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) cv. Red Mexican inoculated with avirulent race 1 cells of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 36: 49-62.
99. Cruickshank IAM, Perrin DR. 1968. The isolation and partial characterization of Monilicolin A, a polypeptide with phaseollin inducing activity from Monilinia fructicola. Life Sciences 7: 449-458.
100. Cruickshank IAM, Smith MM. 1988. Pterocarpan accumulation in pod infection-droplets and pod tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris inoculated with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Journal of Phytopathology 122: 307-316.
101. Cuiffetti LM, Weltring K-M, Turgeon BG, Yoder OC, VanEtten HD. 1988. Transformation of Nectria haematococca with a gene for pisatin demethylating activity, and the role of pisatin detoxification in virulence. Journal of Cell Biochemistry 12C: 270 (Abstr.).
102. Dalkin K, Edwards R, Edington B, Dixon RA. 1990a. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). I. Induction of phenylpropanoid and hydrolytic enzymes in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiology 92: 440-446.
103. Dalkin K, Jorrin J, Dixon RA. 1990b. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). VII. Induction of defence related mRNAs in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 37: 293-307.
104. Daniel S, Barz W. 1990. Elicitor-induced metabolic changes in cell cultures of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). II. Differential induction of chalcone-synthase mRNA activity and analysis of in vitro-translated protein patterns. Planta 182: 279-286.
105. Daniel S, Hinderer W, Barz W. 1988. Elicitor-induced changes of enzyme activities related to isoflavone and pterocarpan accumulation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cell suspension cultures. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 43C: 536-544.
106. Daniel S, Tiemann K, Wittkampf U, Bless W, Hinderer W, Barz W. 1990. Elicitor induced changes in cell cultures of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars resistant and susceptible to Ascochyta rabei. I. Investigations of enzyme activities involved in isoflavone and pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis. Planta 182: 270-278.
107. Darvill AG, Albersheim P. 1984. Phytoalexins and their elicitors - a defence against microbial infection in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 35: 243-275.
108. Darvill A, Bergmann C, Cervone F, De Lorenzo G, Ham K-S, Spiro MD, York WS, Albersheim P. 1994. Oligosaccharins involved in plant growth and host-pathogen interactions. In: Bowles DJ, Gilmartin PM, Knox JP, Lunt GG, eds. Molecular Botany: Signals and the Environment. London: Portland Press, 89-94.
109. Davis KR, Darvill AG, Albersheim P. 1986a. Host-pathogen interactions. XXXI. Several biotic and abiotic elicitors act synergistically in the induction of phytoalexin accumulation in soyabean. Plant Molecular Biology 6: 23-32.
110. Davis KR, Darvill AG, Albersheim P, Dell A. 1986b. Host-pathogen interactions. XXX. Characterization of elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation released from soyabean cell walls by endopolygalacturonic acid lyase. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 41c: 39-48.
111. Davis KR, Hahlbrock K. 1987. Induction of defense responses in cultured parsley cells by cell wall fragments. Plant Physiology 85: 1286-1290.
112. Davis KR, Lyon GD, Darvill AG, Albersheim P. 1984. Host pathogen interactions. XXV. Endopolygalacturonic acid lyase from Erwinia carotovora elicits phytoalexin accumulation by releasing plant cell wall fragments. Plant Physiology 74: 52-60.
113. Davis D, Merida J, Legendre L, Low PS, Heinstein P. 1993. Independent elicitation of the oxidative burst and phytoalexin formation in plant cells. Phytochemistry 32: 607-611.
114. Degousée N, Triantophylider C, Montillet J-L. 1994. Involvement of oxidative processes in the signalling mechanisms leading to activation of glyceollin synthesis in soyabean (Glycine max). Plant Physiology 104: 945-952.
115. Degra L, Salvi G, Marrioti D, De Lorenzo D, Cervone F. 1988. A poly-galacturonase-inhibiting protein in alfalfa callus cultures. Journal of Plant Physiology 133: 364-371.
116. De Lorenzo G, Cervone F, Hahn MG, Darvill A, Albersheim P. 1991. Bacterial endopectate lyase: evidence that the plant cell wall pH prevents tissue maceration and extends the half-life of elicitor-active oligogalacturonides. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 39: 335-344.
117. De Lorenzo G, Ito Y, D'Ovidio R, Cervone F, Albersheim P, Darvill A. 1990. Host-pathogen interactions. XXXVII. Abilities of the polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins from four cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris to inhibit the endopolygalacturonases from three races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 36: 421-435.
118. Dercks W, Creasy LL. 1989. Influence of fosetyl-A1 on phytoalexin accumulation in the Plasmopara viticola-grapevine interaction. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 34: 203-213.
119. Desjardins AE, Gardner HW. 1989. Genetic analysis in Gibberella pulicaris. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 2: 26-34.
120. Desjardins AE, VanEtten. 1986. Partial purification of pisatin demethylase, a cytochrome P450 from the pathogenic fungus Nectria haematococca. Plant Physiology 75: 611-616.
121. Devergne J-C, Bonnet P, Panabieres F, Blein J-P, Ricci P. 1992. Migration of the fungal protein cryptogein within tobacco plants. Plant Physiology 99: 843-847.
122. Devlin WS, Gustine DL. 1992. Involvement of the oxidative burst in phytoalexin accumulation and the hypersensitive response. Plant Physiology 100: 1189-1195.
123. Devys M, Barbier M, Loiselet I, Rouxel T, Sarniguet A, Kollmann A, Bousquet JF. 1988. Brassilexin, a novel sulfur-containing phytoalexin from Brassica juncea L. (Cruciferae). Tetrahedron Letters 29: 6447-6448.
124. Dietrich A, Mayer JE, Hahlbrock K. 1990. Fungal elicitor triggers rapid, transient and specific phosphorylation in parsley cell suspension cultures. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265: 6360-6368.
125. Dittrich H, Kutchan TM, Zenk MH. 1992. The jasmonate precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, induces phytoalexin synthesis in Petroselinum crispum cell cultures. FEBS Letters 309: 33-36.
126. Dixon RA. 1986. The phytoalexin response: elicitation signalling and control of host gene expression. Biological Reviews 61: 239-291.
127. Dixon RA, Bailey JA, Bell JN, Bolwell GP, Cramer CL, Edwards K, Hamdan MAMS, Lamb CJ, Robbins MP, Ryder TB, Such W. 1986. Rapid changes in gene expression in response to microbial elicitors. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B 314: 411-426.
128. Dixon RA, Choudhary AD, Harrison M, Stermer B, Yu L, Jenkins SM, Lamb CJ, Lawton MA. 1991. Transcription factors and defence gene activation. In: Smith CJ ed. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 271-285.
129. Dixon RA, Dey PM, Lamb CJ. 1983. Phytoalexins: enzymology and molecular biology. Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology 53: 1-136.
130. Dixon RA, Fuller KW. 1977. Characterization of components from culture filtrates of Botrytis cinerea which stimulate phaseollin biosynthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris cell suspension cultures. Physiological Plant Pathology 11: 287-296.
131. Dixon RA, Harrison MJ. 1990. Activation, structure and organization of genes involved in microbial defense in plants. Advances in Genetics 28: 165-234.
132. Dixon RA, Harrison MJ, Lamb CJ. 1994. Early events in the activation of plant defense responses. Annual Review of Phytopathology 32: 479-501.
133. Dixon RA, Harrison MJ, Paiva NL. 1995. The isoflavonoid pathway: from enzymes to genes to transcription factors. Physiologia Plantarum 93: 385-392.
134. Dixon RA, Lamb CJ. 1990. Molecular communication in interactions between plants and microbial pathogens. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 41: 339-367.
135. Dmitriev AP, Tverskoi LA, Kolesnikov AM, Kovtun AV, Grodzinskii DM. 1989. Tsibulins - a new group of onion antibiotic substances. Prikl Biokhim Microbiol 25: 232-245.
136. Dmitriev AP, Tverskoi LA, Kolesnikov AM, Kovtun AV, Grodginskii DM. 1990. Phytoalexins from onion and their role in disease resistance. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 37: 235-244.
137. Doares SH, Syrovets T, Weiler EM, Ryan CA. 1995. Oligogalacturonides and chitosan activate plant defensive genes through the octadecanoid pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 92: 4095-4098.
138. Doke N. 1982. A further study on the role of hypersensitivity in resistance of potato cultivars to infection by an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans. Physiological Plant Pathology 21: 85-95.
139. Douglas CJ, Hauffe KD, Ites-Morales ME, Ellard M, Paszkowski U, Hahlbrock K, Dangl JL. 1991. Exonic sequences are required for elicitor and light activation of plant defence gene, but promoter sequences are sufficient for tissue specific expression. EMBO Journal 10: 1765-1775.
140. Drøbak B. 1991. Plant signal perception and transduction - the role of the phosphoinositide system. In: Tipton KF, ed. Essays in Biochemistry. Volume 26. London: Portland Press, 27-37.
141. Drøbak B. 1992. The plant phosphoinositide system. Biochemical Journal 288: 697-712.
142. 2+ from plant hypocotyl microsomes by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 130: 1241-1246.
143. Ebel J. 1986. Phytoalexin synthesis: the biochemical analysis of the induction process. Annual Review of Phytopathology 24: 235-264.
144. Ebel J, Cosio EG. 1994. Elicitors of plant defense responses. In: Kwang WJ, Jarvik J, eds. International Review of Cytology, Vol. 148. San Diego: Academic Press, 1-33.
145. Einsphar KJ, Thompson Jr GA. 1990. Transmembrane signalling via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in plants. Plant Physiology 93: 361-366.
146. Elliott DC, Skinner JD. 1986. Calcium-dependent, phospholipid-activated protein kinase in plants. Phytochemistry 25: 39-44.
147. Ellis JS, Keenan PJ, Friend J. 1993. Inhibition of phytoalexin accumulation in potato tuber discs by superoxide scavengers. Photochemistry 34: 649-655.
148. Essenberg M, Pierce MI. 1995. Sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins synthesised in cotton leaves and cotyledons during the hypersensitive response to Xanthamonas campestris pv. malvacearum. In: Daniel M, Purkayasthsa RP, eds. Handbook of Phytoalexin Metabolism and Action. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 183-198.
149. Essenberg M, Pierce ML, Hamilton B, Cover EC, Scholes VE, Richardson PE. 1992. Development of fluorescent, hypersensitively necrotic cells containing phytoalexins adjacent to colonies of Xanthamonas camprestis pv. malvacearum in cotton leaves. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41: 85-99.
150. Evans DE, Briars SA, Williams LE. 1991. Active calcium transport by plant cell membranes. Journal of Experimental Botany 42: 285-303.
151. Fagboun DE, Ogundana SK, Adensanya SA, Roberts MF. 1987. Dihydrostilbene phytoalexins from Dioscorea rotundata. Phytochemistry 26: 3187-3189.
152. Farmer EE, Helgeson JP. 1987. An extracellular protein from Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae is associated with stress metabolite accumulation in tobacco callus. Plant Physiology 85: 733-740.
153. Favaron F, Alghisi P, Marciano P. 1992. Characterization of two Sclerotinia-sclerotium polygalacturonases with different abilities to elicit glyceollin in soyabean. Plant Science 83: 7-13.
154. Favaron F, Alghisi P, Marciano P, Magros P. 1988. Polygalacturonase isoenzymes and oxalic acid produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soyabean hypocotyls as elicitors of glyceollin. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33: 385-395.
155. Favaron F, Dovidio R, Porceddu E, Alghisi P. 1994. Purification and molecular characterisation of a soyabean polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein. Planta 195: 80-87.
156. Felix G, Grosskopf DG, Regenass M, Boller T. 1991. Rapid changes of protein phosphorylation are involved in transduction of the elicitor signal in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88: 8831-8834.
157. 32P]phosphate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91: 952-956.
158. Fett WF. 1984. Accumulation of isoflavonoids and isoflavone glucosides after inoculation of soyabean leaves with Xanthamonas campestris pv. glycinea and pv. campestris and a study of their role in resistance. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28: 67-77.
159. Forrests RS, Lyon GD. 1990. Substrate degradation patterns of polygalacturonic acid lyase from Erwinia carotovora and Bacillus polymyxa and release of phytoalexin-eliciting oligosaccharides from potato cell walls. Journal of Experimental Botany 41: 481-488.
160. Frey T, Cosio EG, Ebel J. 1993. Affinity purification and characterisation of a binding protein for a hepta-β-glucoside phytoalexin elicitor in soyabean. Phytochemistry 32: 543-550.
161. Fritig B, Kauffmann S, Dumas B, Geoffrey P, Kopp M, Legrand M. 1987. Mechanism of the hypersensitivity reaction of plants. In: Evered D, Harnett S, eds. Ciba Foundation Symposium, vol. 133, Plant Resistance to Viruses. London: Wiley, 92-108.
162. Fritzmeier K-H, Cretin C, Krombrink E, Rohwer F, Taylor J, Scheel D, Hahlbrock K. 1987. Transient induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase mRNAs in potato leaves infected with virulent or avirulent races of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Physiology 85: 34-41.
163. Fügedi P, Garegg PJ, Kvarnstrom I, Svanssön L. 1988. Synthesis of a heptasaccharide, structurally related to the phytoelicitor active glucan of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 7: 389-397.
164. + transporting ATPase by glyceollin. Phytopathology 78: 1000-1006.
165. Giannini JL, Holt JS, Briskin DP. 1990. The effect of glyceollin on proton leakage in Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea plasma membrane and red beet tonoplast vesicles. Plant Science 68: 39-45.
166. Gilroy S, Bethke PC, Jones RL. 1993. Calcium homeostasis in plants. Journal of Cell Science 106: 453-462.
167. Goy PAhl, Felix G, Metraux JP, Meins F. 1992. Resistance to disease in the hybrid Nicotiana glutinosa × Nicotiana debnyei is associated with high constitutive levels of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41: 11-21.
168. Grab D, Feger M, Ebel J. 1989. An endogenous factor from soyabean (Glycine max L.) cell cultures activates phosphorylation of a protein which is dephosphorylated in vivo in elicitor-challenged cells. Planta 179: 340-348.
169. Grosskopf DG, Felix G, Boller T. 1990. K252a inhibits the response of tomato cells to fungal elicitors in vivo and their microsomal protein kinases in vitro. FEBS Letters 275: 177-180.
170. Guest DI. 1984. Modification of defence responses in tobacco and capsicum following treatment with Fosetyl Al[Aluminium tris(-O-ethyl phosphonate)]. Physiological Plant Pathology 25: 125-134.
171. Guest DI. 1986. Evidence from light microscopy of living tissues that Fosetyl-Al modifies the defence response in tobacco seedlings that follows inoculation by Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 29: 251-261.
172. Guest D, Grant B. 1991. The complex action of phosphonates as antifungal agents. Biological Reviews 66: 159-187.
173. Gundlach H, Mueller MJ, Kutchan TM, Zenk MH. 1992. Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89: 2389-2393.
174. Gunia W, Hinderer W, Wittkampf U, Barz W. 1991. Elicitor induction of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in cell suspension cultures of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and their involvement in pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 46C: 58-66.
175. Habereder H, Schröder G, Ebel J. 1989. Rapid induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs during fungus infection of soyabean (Glycine max L.) roots or elicitor treatment of soyabean cell cultures at the onset of phytoalexin synthesis. Planta 177: 58-65.
176. Hadwiger LA, Beckman JA. 1980. Chitosan as a component of pea-Fusarium solani interactions. Plant Physiology 66: 205-211.
177. Hadwiger LA, Beckman JA, Adams JM. 1981. Localization of fungal components in the pea-Fusarium solani interaction detected immunochemically with anti-chitosan and anti fungal cell wall antisera. Plant Physiology 67: 170-175.
178. Hadwiger LA, Chiang C, Victory S, Horovitz D. 1988. The molecular biology of chitosan in plant-pathogen interactions and its application in agriculture. In: Skjak G, Anthonsen BT, Sandford P, eds. Chitin and Chitosan: Sources, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Properties, and Applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier Applied Sciences, 119-138.
179. Hadwiger LA, Ogawa T, Kuyama H. 1994. Chitosan polymer sizes effective in inducing phytoalexin accumulation and fungal suppression are verified with synthesized oligomers. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 7: 531-533.
180. Hagendoorn MJM, Poortinga AM, Wong Fong Sang HW, van der Plas LHW, van Walvren HS. 1991. Effect of elicitors on the plasma membrane of Petunia hybrida cell suspensions. Plant Physiology 96: 1261-1267.
181. Hahlbrock K, Scheel D, Logemann E, Nurnberger T, Parniske M, Reinold S, Sacks W, Scmelzer E. 1995. Oligopeptide elicitor-mediated defense gene activation in cultured parsley cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 92: 4150-4157.
182. Hahn MG, Bonhoff A, Grisebach H. 1985. Quantitative localization of the phytoalexin Glyceollin I in relation to fungal hyphae in soyabean roots infected with Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Plant Physiology 77: 591-601.
183. Hahn MG, Bucheli P, Cervone F, Doares SH, O'Neill RA, Darvill A, Albersheim P. 1989. Roles of cell wall constituents in plant-pathogen interactions. In: Kosuge T, Nester EW, eds. Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 3, Molecular and Genetic Perspectives. New York: McGraw-Hill, 131-181.
184. Hahn MG, Cheong J-J. 1991. Molecular recognition in plants: identification of a specific binding site for oligoglucoside elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation. In: Hennecke H, Verma DPS, eds. Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 1. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 403-420.
185. Hahn M, Cheong J-J, Alba R, Cote F. 1994. Characterisation of hepta-β-glucoside elicitor-binding protein(s) in soyabean. In: Bowles DJ, Gilmartin PM, Knox JP, Lunt GG, eds. Molecular Botany: Signals and the Environment. London: Portland Press, 173-182.
186. Hahn MG, Darvill A, Albersheim P, Bergmann C, Cheong J-J, Koller A, Lò, V-M. 1992. Preparation and characterization of oligosaccharide elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation. In: Gurr SJ, McPherson MJ, Bowles DJ, eds. Molecular Plant Pathology. A Practical Approach, Vol. 2. Oxford, New York, Tokyo: IRL Press, 103-147.
187. Hahn MG, Grisebach H. 1983. Cyclic AMP is not involved as a second messenger in the response of soyabean infection by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 38C: 578-582.
188. Hain R, Reif H-J, Krause E, Langebartels R, Kindl H, Vorram B, Wiese W, Schmelzer E, Schreier PH, Stocker RH, Stenzel K. 1993. Disease resistance results from foreign phytoalexin gene expression in a novel plant. Nature 361: 153-156.
189. Ham KS, Kauffmann S, Albersheim P, Darvill G. 1991. Host-pathogen interactions. XXIX. A soyabean pathogenesis-related protein with β-1,3-glucanase activity releases phytoalexin elicitor-active heat-stable fragments from fungal walls. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 4: 545-552.
190. Hamdan MAMS, Dixon RA. 1986. Differential biochemical effects of elicitor preparations from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28: 329-344.
191. Hamdan MAMS, Dixon RA. 1987. Fractionation and properties of elicitors of the phenylpropanoid pathway from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 31: 105-121.
192. Harborne JB. 1986. The role of phytoalexins in natural plant resistance. In: Green MB, Hedin PA, eds. Natural Resistance of Plants to Pests. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 22-35.
193. Harborne JB. 1987. Natural fungitoxins. In: Hostettmann K, Lea PJ, eds. Biologically Active Natural Products. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 195-213.
194. Harborne JB. 1988. Introduction to ecological biochemistry, 3rd edition. London: Academic Press.
195. Harborne JB, Ingham JL. 1978. Biochemical aspects of the coevolution of higher plants and their fungal parasites. In: Harborne JB, ed. Biochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal Coevolution. London: Academic Press, 343-405.
196. Hargreaves JA. 1980. A possible mechanism for the phytotoxicity of the phytoalexin phaseollin. Physiological Plant Pathology 16: 351-357.
197. Harrison MJ, Choudhary AD, Dubery I, Lamb CJ, Dixon RA. 1991a. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). 8. Cis-elements and trans-acting factors for the quantitative expression of a chalcone synthase gene promoter in electroporated alfalfa protoplasts. Plant Molecular Biology 16: 877-890.
198. Harrison MJ, Lawton MA, Lamb CJ, Dixon RA. 1991b. Characterisation of a nuclear protein that binds to 3 elements within the silemer region of a bean chalcone synthase promoter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88: 2515-2519.
199. Hasson PE, Laties GG. 1976. Separation and characterization of potato acylhydrolases. Plant Physiology 57: 142-147.
200. Hattori T, Ohta Y. 1985. Induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activation and isoflavanone glucoside accumulation in suspension-cultured cells of red bean Vigna angularis, by phytoalexin elicitors, vanadate, and elevation of pH. Plant and Cell Physiology 26: 1101-1110.
201. Hedrick SA, Bell JN, Boller T, Lamb CJ. 1988. Chitinase cDNA cloning and mRNA induction by fungal elicitor, wounding and infection. Plant Physiology 86: 182-186.
202. Hepler PK, Wayne RO. 1985. Calcium and plant development. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 36: 397-436.
203. Holliday MJ, Keen NT. 1982. The role of phytoalexins in the resistance of soyabean leaves to bacteria. Phytopathology 72: 1471-1474.
204. Holliday MH, Keen NT, Long M. 1981. Cell death patterns and accumulation of fluorescent material in the hypersensitive response of soyabean leaves to Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Physiological Plant Pathology 18: 279-287.
205. Hoshino T, Chida M, Yaumara T, Yoshizawa Y, Mizutani J. 1994. Phytoalexin induction in green pepper cell cultures treated with arachidonic acid. Phytochemistry 36: 1417-1419.
206. Jahnen W, Hahlbrock K. 1988. Cellular localization of nonhost resistance reactions of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) to fungal infection. Planta 173: 197-204.
207. Janistyn B. 1988. Stimulation by manganese (II) sulphate of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase from Zea mays seedlings. Phytochemistry 27: 2735-2736.
208. Janistyn B. 1989. cAMP promoted protein phosphorylation of dialysed coconut milk. Phytochemistry 28: 329-331.
209. Jin JD, West CA. 1984. Characteristics of galacturonic acid oligomers as elicitors of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings. Plant Physiology 74: 989-992.
210. Johal GS, Rahe JE. 1988. Glyphosate, hypersensitivity and phytoalexin accumulation in the incompatible bean anthracnose host-parasite interaction. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32: 267-281.
211. Johal GS, Rahe JE. 1990. Role of phytoalexins in the suppression of resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by glyphosate. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 12: 225-235.
212. Johannes E, Brosnan J, Sander D. 1991. Calcium channels and signal transduction in plant cells. Bioessays 13: 331-336.
213. Jorrin J, Dixon RA. 1990. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). II. Purification, characterization, and induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase isoforms from elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiology 92: 447-455.
214. Kamada Y, Muto S. 1994a. Stimulation by fungal elicitor of inositol phospholipid turnover in tobacco suspension culture cells. Plant and Cell Physiology 35: 397-404.
215. Kamada Y, Muto S. 1994b. Protein kinase inhibitors inhibit stimulation of inositol phospholipid turnover and induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in fungal elicitor-treated tobacco suspension culture cells. Plant and Cell Physiology 35: 405-409.
216. Katou K, Tomiyama K, Okamoto H. 1982. Effects of hyphal wall components of Phytophthora infestans on membrane potential of potato tuber cells. Physiological Plant Pathology 21: 311-317.
217. Kauss H. 1991. Phosphoprotein-controlled changes in ion transport are common events in signal transduction for callose and phytoalexin induction. Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 1. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 428-431.
218. Keen NT. 1990. Phytoalexins and their elicitors. In: Hoagland RE, ed. Microbes and Microbial Products as Herbicides. ACS Symposium Series, vol. 439. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 114-129.
219. Keen NT, Holliday MJ, Yoshikawa M. 1982. Effects of glyphosate on glyceollin production and the expression of resistance to Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea in soyabean. Phytopathology 72: 1467-1470.
220. Keen NT, Legrand M. 1980. Surface glycoproteins: evidence that they may function as race specific phytoalexin elicitors of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 17: 175-192.
221. Keen NT, Yokshikawa M. 1983. β-1,3-endoglucanase from soyabean release elicitor-active carbohydrates from fungus cell walls. Plant Physiology 71: 460-465.
222. Keen NT, Yokshikawa M, Wang MC. 1983. Phytoalexin elicitor activity from Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea and other sources. Plant Physiology 71: 466-471.
223. Keenan PJ, Bryan IB, Friend J. 1985. The elicitation of the hypersensitive response of potato by a component of the culture filtrate of Phytophthora infestans. Physiological Plant Pathology 26: 343-355.
224. Kendra DF, Christian DA, Hadwiger LA. 1989. Chitosan oligomers from Fusarium solani pea interactions chitinase/β-glucanase digestion of sporelings and fungal wall chitin actively inhibit fungal growth and enhance disease resistance. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 35: 215-230.
225. Kendra DF, Fritensky B, Daniels CH, Hadwiger LA. 1987. Disease resistance response genes in plants: expression and proposed mechanisms of induction. In: Arntzen CJ, Ryan C, eds. Molecular Strategies for Crop Protection. New York: Alan R. Liss, 13-24.
226. Kendra DF, Hadwiger LA. 1984. Characterization of the smallest chitosan oligomer that is maximally antifungal to Fusarium solani and elicits pisatin formation in Pisatum sativum. Experimental Mycology 8: 276-281.
227. Kessmann H, Barz W. 1986. Elicitation and suppression of phytoalexin and isoflavone accumulation in cotyledons of Cicer arietinum L. as caused by wounding and polymeric components from the fungus Ascochyta rabiei. Journal of Phytopathology 117: 321-335.
228. Kessmann H, Choudhary AD, Dixon RA. 1990a. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). III. Induction of medicarpin and cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures and protoplasts. Plant Cell Reports 9: 38-41.
229. Kessman H, Daniel S, Barz W. 1988. Elicitation of pterocarpan phytoalexins in cell suspension cultures of different chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars by an elicitor from the fungus Ascochyta rabiei. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 43C: 529-535.
230. Kessmann H, Edwards R, Geno PW, Dixon RA. 1990b. Stress responses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). V. Constitutive and elicitor induced accumulation of isoflavonoid conjugates in cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiology 94: 227-232.
231. Khan ZF, Milton JM. 1978. Phytoalexin production and the resistance of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to Verticillium alboatrum. Physiological Plant Pathology 13: 215-221.
232. Kistler HC, VanEtten HD. 1984. Regulation of Pisatin demethylation in Nectaria haematococca and its influence on Pisatin tolerance and virulence. Journal of General Microbiology 130: 2605-2613.
233. Klucis E, Polya GM. 1988. Localization, solubilization and characterization of plant membrane associated calcium-dependent protein kinases. Plant Physiology 88: 164-171.
234. 2+-dependent enzymes in cultured plant cells and its activation by an elicitor-induced pH shift. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 269: 455-462.
235. Knight MR, Campbell AK, Smith SM, Trewavas AJ. 1991. Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effect of touch, and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium. Nature 352: 524-526.
236. Kobayashi A, Akihiro T, Kanzaki H, Kawazu K. 1993. Elicitor-active oligosaccharides from algal laminarin stimulate the production of antifungal compounds in alfalfa. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 48C: 575-579.
237. Kodama O, Li WX, Tamogami S, Akatsuka T. 1992. Oryzalexin S, a novel stemarane-type diterpene rice phytoalexin. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 56: 1002-1003.
238. Kodama O, Suzuki T, Miyakawa J, Akatsuka T. 1988. Ultraviolet-induced accumulation of phytoalexins in rice leaves. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 52: 2469-2473.
239. Koeppe DE, Miller RJ. 1974. Kaempferol inhibition of corn mitochondrial respiration. Plant Physiology 54: 374-378.
240. Komae K, Komae A, Misaki A. 1990. A 4,5-unsaturated low molecular weight oligogalacturonide as a potent phytoalexin elicitor from polygalacturonide of Ficus awkeostang. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54: 1477-1484.
241. Kombrink E, Hahlbrock K, Hinze K, Schroder M. 1991. Molecular responses of potato to infection by Phytophthora infestans. In: Smith CJ, ed. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 237-254.
242. Kuchitsu K, Kikuyama M, Shibuya N. 1993. N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, biotic elicitors for phytoalexin production, induce transient membrane depolarization in suspension-cultured rice cells. Protoplasma 174: 79-81.
243. Kunoh H. 1990. Ultrastructure and mobilisation of ions near infection sites. Annual Review of Phytopathology 28: 93-111.
244. Kurosaki F, Nishi A. 1993. Stimulation of calcium influx and calcium cascade by cyclic AMP in cultured carrot cells. Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics 302: 144-151.
245. Kurosaki F, Kaburaki H, Nishi A. 1993. Synthesis and degradation of cyclic AMP in cultured carrot cells treated with forskolin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 303: 177-179.
246. Kurosaki F, Kaburaki H, Nishi A. 1994. Involvement of plasma membrane-located calmodulin in the response decay of cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel of cultured carrot cells. FEBS Letters 340: 193-196.
247. Kurosaki F, Matsui K, Nishi A. 1984. Production and metabolism of 6-methoxymellein in cultured carrot cells. Physiological Plant Pathology 25: 313-321.
248. 2+ and cyclic AMP in carrot cells. Phytochemistry 26: 1919-1923.
249. Kurosaki F, Tsurusawa Y, Nishi A. 1987b. Breakdown of phosphatidylinositol during the elicitation of phytoalexin production in cultured carrot cells. Plant Physiology 85: 601-604.
250. Laks PE, Pruner MS. 1989. Flavonoid biocides: structure/ activity relations of flavonoid phytoalexin analogs. Phytochemistry 28: 87-91.
251. Lamb CJ, Lawton MA, Dron M, Dixon R. 1989. Signals and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack. Cell 56: 215-224.
252. Latunde-Dada AO, Dixon RA, Lucas JA. 1987. Induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes in resistant and susceptible lucerne callus lines infected with Verticillium albo-atrum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 31: 15-23.
253. Lawton MA, Clouse SD, Lamb CJ. 1990. Glutathione-elicited changes in chromatin structure within the promoter of the defense gene chalcone synthase. Plant Cell Reports 8: 561-564.
254. Lawton MA, Lamb CJ. 1987. Transcriptional activation of plant defence genes by fungal elicitor, wounding and infection. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7: 335-341.
255. Lawton MA, Yamamoto RT, Hanks SK, Lamb CJ. 1989. Molecular cloning of plant transcripts encoding protein kinase homologs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86: 3140-3144.
256. Lee S-C, West CA. 1981a. Polygalacturonase from Rhizopus stolonifer, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seedlings. Plant Physiology 67: 633-639.
257. Lee S-C, West CA. 1981b. Properties of polygalacturonase from Rhizopus stolonifer, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seedlings. Plant Physiology 67: 640-645.
258. Legendre L, Rueter S, Heinstein PF, Low PS. 1993. Characterization of the oligogalacturonide-induced oxidative burst in cultured soyabean (Glycine max) cells. Plant Physiology 102: 233-240.
259. Leyva A, Liang XW, Pintortoro JA, Dixon RA. 1992. Cis-element combinations determine PAL gene tissue-specific expression patterns. Plant Cell 4: 263-271.
260. Li WX, Kodama O, Akatsuka T. 1991. Role of oxygenated fatty acids in rice phytoalexin production. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55: 1041-1047.
261. Little JP. 1989. Intercellular mediation of phytoalexin biosynthesis in Medicago sativa L. Ph.D. thesis, University of Wales.
262. Loake GJ, Faktor O, Lamb CJ, Dixon RA. 1992. Combination of H-box [CCTACC(N)7CT] and G-box [CACGTC] cis elements is necessary for feedforward stimulation of chalcone synthase promoter by the phenylpropanoid pathway intermediate p-coumaric acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89: 9230-9234.
263. Longland AC, Slusaranko AJ, Friend J. 1987. Arachidonic and linoleic acids elicit isoflavonoid phytoalexin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean). Journal of Phytopathology 120: 289-297.
264. Low PS, Heinstein PF. 1986. Elicitor stimulation of the defense response in cultured plant cells monitored by fluorescent dyes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 249: 472-479.
265. Loschke DC, Hadwiger LA, Wagoner W. 1983. Comparison of mRNA populations coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and other peptides from pea tissue treated with biotic and abiotic phytoalexin inducers. Physiological Plant Pathology 23: 163-173.
266. Lucy MC, Matthews PS, VanEtten HD. 1988. Metabolic detoxification of the phytoalexins maackiain and medicarpin by Nectria haematococca field isolates: relationship to virulence on chickpea. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33: 187-199.
267. Lyon GD. 1978. Attenuation of the effect of the phytoalexin Rishitin on Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica. Journal of General Microbiology 109: 5-10.
268. Lyon GD. 1980. Evidence that the toxic effect of rishitin may be due to membrane damage. Journal of Experimental Botany 31: 957-966.
269. Lyon CE, Lyon GD, Robertson WM. 1989. Observations on the structural modification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica in rotted potato tuber tissue. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 34: 181-187.
270. Lyon GD, Mayo MA. 1978. The phytoalexin rishitin affects the viability of isolated plant protoplasts. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 92: 298-304.
271. Mace ME, Stipanovic RD, Bell AA. 1989. Histochemical localization of desoxyhemigossypol, a phytoalexin in Verticillium dahliae-infected cotton stems. New Phytologist 111: 229-232.
272. Mace ME, Stipanovic RD, Bell AA. 1990. Relationship between sensitivity to terpenoid phytoalexins and virulence to cotton of Verticillium dahliae strains. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 36: 79-82.
273. MacKintosh C, Lyon G, MacKintosh RW. 1994. Protein phosphatase inhibitors activate anti-fungal defence responses of soyabean cotyledons and cell cultures. The Plant Journal 5: 137-147.
274. Maloney AP, VanEtten HD. 1994. A gene from the fungal plant pathogen Nectria haematococca that encodes the phytoalexin-detoxifying enzyme pistain demethylase defines a new cytochrome P450 family. Molecular and General Genetics. 243: 506-514.
275. Mansfield JW. 1980. Mechanisms of resistance to Botrytis. In: Coley-Smith JR, Jarvis WR, Verhoeff K, eds. The Biology of Botrytis. New York: Academic Press, 181-218.
276. Maher EA, Bate NJ, Weiting Ni, Elkind Y, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ. 1994. Increased disease susceptibility of transgenic plants with suppressed levels of preformed phenylpropanoid products. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91: 7802-7806.
277. Mansfield JW. 1982. The role of phytoalexins in disease resistance. In: Bailey JA, Mansfield JW, eds. Phytoalexins. Glasgow: Blackie, 253-288.
278. Marmé D. 1989. The role of calcium and calmodulin in signal transduction. In: Boss WF, Morré DJ, eds. Second Messengers in Plant Growth and Development, Vol. 6. New York: Alan R Liss, 57-80.
279. Marshall PS, Harborne JB, King GS. 1987. A spiroketalenol ether phytoalexin from infected leaves and stems of Coleostephus myconis. Phytochemistry 26: 2493-2494.
280. Matsubara M, Kuroda H. 1987. The structure and physiological activity of a glycoprotein secreted from conidia of Mycosphaerella pinodes. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35: 249-255.
281. Matthews DE, VanEtten HD. 1983. Detoxification of the phytoalexin pisatin by a fungal cytochrome P-450. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 224: 494-505.
282. Mauch F, Hadwiger LA, Boller T. 1988a. Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue. I. Purification and characterisation of two chitinases and two β-1,3-glucanases differentially regulated during development and in response to fungal infection. Plant Physiology 87: 325-333.
283. Mauch F, Mauch-Mani B, Boller T. 1988b. Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue. II. Inhibition of growth by combination of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Plant Physiology 88: 936-942.
284. Maxwell CA, Edwards R, Dixon RA. 1992. Identification, purification and characterization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: isoliquiritigenen 2′-O-methyl transferase from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 293: 158-166.
285. Mayama S, Tani T, Matsuura Y, Ueno T, Fukami H. 1981. The production of phytoalexins by oat in response to crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae. Physiological Plant Pathology 19: 217-226.
286. Mayer MG, Ziegler E. 1988. An elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea influences the membrane potential of soyabean cotyledonary cells. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33: 397-407.
287. Mehdy MC. 1994. Active oxygen species in plant defense against pathogens. Plant Physiology 105: 467-472.
288. Messiaen J, Van Cutsem P. 1993. Defense gene transcription in carrot cells treated with oligogalacturonides. Plant and Cell Physiology 34: 1117-1123.
289. Messiaen J, Van Cutsem P. 1994. Pectic signal transduction in carrot cells: membrane, cytosolic and nuclear responses induced by oligogalacturonides. Plant and Cell Physiology 35: 677-689.
290. Messiaen J, Read ND, Van Cutsem P, Trewavas AJ. 1993. Cell wall oligogalacturonides increase cytosolic free calcium in carrot protoplasts. Journal of Cell Science 104: 365-371.
291. Miao VPW, VanEtten HD. 1992a. Three genes for metabolism of the phytoalexin maackiain in the plant pathogen Nectria haematococca: meiotic instability and relationship to a new gene for pisatin demethylase. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58: 801-808.
292. Miao VPW, VanEtten HD. 1992b. Genetic analysis of the role of phytoalexin detoxification in virulence of the fungus Nectria haematococca on chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58: 809-814.
293. Milat M-L, Ricci P, Bonnet P, Blein J-P. 1991. Capsidiol and ethylene production by tobacco cells in response to cryptogein, an elicitor from Phytophthora crytogea. Phytochemistry 30: 2171-2173.
294. Miller KJ, Hadley JA, Gustine DL. 1994. Cyclic β-1,6-1,3-glucans of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 elicit isoflavanoid production in the soyabean (Glycine max) host. Plant Physiology 104: 917-923.
295. Mizukami H, Tabira Y, Ellis BE. 1993. Methyl jasmonate-induced rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Reports 12: 706-709.
296. Moesta P, Grisebach H. 1981. Investigation of the mechanism of glyceollin accumulation in soyabean infected by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 212: 462-467.
297. Moesta P, Grisebach H. 1982. L-2-Aminooxy-3-phenyl-propionic acid inhibits phytoalexin accumulation in soyabean with concomitant loss of resistance against Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Physiological Plant Pathology 21: 65-70.
298. Moesta P, Seydel U, Lindner B, Grisebach H. 1982. Detection of glyceollin on the cellular level in infected soyabean by laser microprobe mass analysis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 37C: 748-751.
299. Monde K, Sasaki K, Shirata A, Takasugi M, 1991. Studies on stress metabolites. Part 15. Methoxy-brassenins A and B, sulfur-containing stress metabolites from Brassica oleracea var. capitata. Photochemistry 30: 3921-3922.
300. Montillet JL, Degousée N. 1991. Hydroperoxides induce glyceollin accumulation in soyabean. Plant Physiologie et Biochimie 29: 689-694.
301. Mueller MJ, Brodschelm W, Spannagl E, Zenk MH. 1993. Signalling in the elicitation process is mediated through the octadecanoid pathway leading to jasmonic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90: 7490-7494.
302. Müller KO, Börger H. 1941. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Phytophthora-resistenz den Kartoffel. Arbeiten aus der biologischen Bundensanstalt für Land- und Fortswirtschaft (Berlin) 23: 189-231.
303. Murch RS, Paxton J. 1980. Rhizosphere salinity and phytoalexin accumulation in soyabean. Plant and Soil 54: 163-167.
304. 8-(1→4)-β-D-GalA-1→OPr, a synthetic model for phytoalexin elicitor-active oligogalacturonic acids. Carbohydrate Research 167: C1-C7.
305. Nakahara Y, Ogawa T. 1989. Synthetic studies on plant cell-wall glycans. Part 4. Total synthesis of galactododecaosiduronic acid, an endogenous phytoalexin elicitor isolated from soyabean cell wall. Tetrahedron Letters 30: 87-90.
306. Nakahara Y, Ogawa T. 1990. Synthetic studies on plant cell wall glycans. Part 7. Stereoselective total synthesis of dodecagalacturonic acid, a phytoalexin elicitor of soyabean. Carbohydrate Research 205: 147-159.
307. Nasu K, Shiraishi T, Yoshoika H, Hori N, Ichinose Y, Yamada T, Oku H. 1992. An endogenous suppressor of the defence response in Pisum sativum. Plant and Cell Physiology 33: 617-626.
308. Nemestothy GS, Guest DI. 1990. Phytoalexin accumulation, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and ethylene biosynthesis in fosetyl Al-treated resistant and susceptible tobacco cultivars infected with Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 37: 207-219.
309. Newton RP, Brown EG. 1987. The biochemistry and physiology of cyclic AMP in higher plants. In: Chadwick CM, Garrod DR, eds. Hormones, Receptors and Cellular Interactions in Plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 115-153.
310. Nieman GJ, Baayen RP, Boon JJ. 1990. Localization of phytoalexin accumulation and determination of changes in lignin and carbohydrate composition in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) xylem as a consequence of infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 96: 133-153.
311. Nishizuka Y. 1986. Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C. Science 233: 305-312.
312. Nothnagel EA, McNeil M, Albersheim P, Dell A. 1983. Host-pathogen interactions. XXII. A galacturonic acid oligosaccharide from plant cell walls elicits phytoalexins. Plant Physiology 71: 916-926.
313. Nurnberger T, Colling C, Hahlbrock K, Jabs T, Renelt A, Sacks WR, Scheel D. 1994a. Perception and transduction of an elicitor signal in parsley cells. In: Bowles DJ, Gilmartin PM, Knox JP, Lunt GG, eds. Molecular Botany: Signals and the Environment. London: Portland Press, 173-182.
314. Nurnberger T, Nennstiel D, Jabs T, Renelt A, Sacks WR, Hahlbrock K, Scheel D. 1994b. High affinity binding of a fungal oligopeptide elicitor to parsley plasma membranes triggers multiple defense responses. Cell 78: 449-460.
315. Oguni I, Suzuki K, Uritani I. 1976. Terpenoid induction in sweet potato roots by cyclic-3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 40: 1251-1252.
316. Oku H, Shiraishi T, Ouchi S. 1977. Suppression of induction of phytoalexin, pistain, by low molecular weight substances from spore germination fluid of pea pathogen Mycosphaerella pinodes. Naturwissenschaften 64: 643-644.
317. Oku H, Shiraishi T, Ouchi S, Ishiura M, Matsueda R. 1980. A new determinant for pathogenicity in plant disease. Naturwissenschaften 67: 310-311.
318. Oku H, Shiraishi T. 1995. Phytoalexins and specificity in plant disease. In: Daniel M, Purkayasthsa RP, eds. Handbook of Phytoalexin Metabolism and Action. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 41-60.
319. 2+-dependent protein kinase from alfalfa. Plant Molecular Biology 12: 453-461.
320. 31P study of elicitor treated Phaseolus vulgaris cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiology 85: 716-719.
321. Ossawski P, Pilott A, Garegg PJ, Lindberg B. 1984. Synthesis of a glucoheptaose and a glucooctaose that elicit phytoalexin accumulation in soyabean. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 11337-11340.
322. Parker JE, Schulte W, Hahlbrock K, Scheel D. 1991. An extracellular glycoprotein from Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea elicits phytoalexin synthesis in cultured parsley cells and protoplasts. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 4: 19-27.
323. Parniske M, Fischer H-M, Hennecke H, Werner D. 1991. Accumulation of the phytoalexin glyceollin I in soyabean nodules infected by Bradyrhizobium japonicum nifA mutant. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 46C: 318-320.
324. Paxton JD. 1981. Phytoalexins - a working redefinition. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 101: 106-109.
325. Pierce M, Essenberg M. 1987. Localization of phytoalexins in fluorescent mesophyll cells isolated from bacterial blight-infected cotton cotyledons and separated from other cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 31: 273-290.
326. Poovaiah BW, Reddy ASN. 1993. Calcium and signal transduction in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 12: 185-211.
327. Preisig CL, Kuć JA. 1985. Arachidonic acid-related elicitors of the hypersensitive response in potato and enhancement of their activities by glucans from Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 236: 379-389.
328. Preisig CL, Kuć JA. 1987. Inhibition by salicylhydroxamic acid, BW755C, eicosatetranoic acid disulfuran of hypersensitive resistance elicited by arachidonic acid and poly-L-lysine in potato tuber. Plant Physiology 84: 891-894.
329. Preisig CL, Kuć JA. 1988. Metabolism by potato tuber of arachidonic acid, an elicitor of hypersensitive resistance. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32: 77-88.
330. Preisig CI, Moreau RA. 1994. Effects of potential signal transduction antagonists on phytoalexin accumulation in tobacco. Photochemistry 36: 857-863.
331. Prusky D, Gold S, Keen NT. 1989. Purification and characterization of an endopolygalacturonase produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporoides. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 35: 121-133.
332. Raikhel NV, Lee H-I, Broekart WF. 1993. Structure and function of chitin-binding proteins. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 44: 591-615.
333. Ralton JE, Howlett BJ, Clarke AE, Irwin JAG, Imrie B. 1988. Interaction of cowpea with Phytophthora vignae: inheritance of resistance and production of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase as a resistance response. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32: 89-103.
334. Rao PVS, Einhorn J, Geiger JP, Malosse C, Rio B, Ravisé A. 1991. Alkyl-bis-phenyl ethers, new phytoalexins produced by Arachis hypogeae L. infected with Puccinia arachidis Speg. Oleagineux 46: 501-507.
335. Rasmussen H. 1989. The cycling of calcium as an intracellular messenger. Scientific American 261: 44-51.
336. Ravanel P, Tissut M, Douce R. 1982. Effects of kaempferol on properties of intact plant mitochondria. Plant Physiology 69: 375-378.
337. Raynal G, Ravisé A, Bompeix G. 1980. Action du tris-O-éthylphosphonate d'aluminium (phoséthyl d'aluminium) sur la pathogénie de Plasmopata viticola et sur la stimulation de réactions de défense de la vigne. Annales de Phytopathologie 12: 163-175.
338. Ren YY, West CA. 1992. Elicitation of diterpene synthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by chitin. Plant Physiology 99: 1169-1178.
339. Renelt A, Colling C, Hahlbrock K, Nürnberger T, Parker JE, Sacks W, Scheel D. 1993. Studies on elicitor recognition and signal transduction in plant defence. Journal of Experimental Botany 44 Suppl.: 257-268.
340. Ricci P, Bonnet P, Huet J-C, Sallantin M, Beauvis-Cante F, Brunetau M, Billard V, Michel G, Pernollet J-C. 1989. Structure and activity of proteins from the pathogenic fungi Phytophthora eliciting necrosis and acquired resistance in tobacco. European Journal of Biochemistry 183: 555-563.
341. Ricker KE, Bostock RM. 1992. Evidence for release of the elicitor arachidonic acid and its metabolites from sporangia of Phytophthora infestans during infection of potato. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41: 61-72.
342. Robbins MP, Bolwell GP, Dixon RA. 1985. Metabolic changes in elicitor-treated bean cells. Selectivity of enzyme induction in relation to phytoalexin induction. European Journal of Biochemistry 148: 563-569.
343. Roberts DM, Harmon AC. 1992. Calcium-modulated proteins: targets of intracellular calcium signals in higher plants. Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 43: 375-414.
344. Roberts WK, Selitrennikoff CD. 1988. Plant and bacterial chitinases differ in anti-fungal activity. Journal of General Microbiology 134: 169-178.
345. Robertson D, Davies DR, Gerrish C, Jupe SC, Bolwell GP. 1995. Rapid changes in oxidative metabolism as a consequence of elicitor treatment of suspension-cultured cells of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Molecular Biology 27: 59-67.
346. Robeson D, Harborne JB. 1980. A chemical dichotomy in phytoalexin induction within the tribe Vicieae of the Leguminosae. Phytochemistry 19: 2359-2366.
347. Robinson PS, Smith CJ. 1995. Signal transduction in phytoalexin elicitation in Medicago sativa. In: Walters DR, Scholes JD, Bryson RJ, Paul ND, McRoberts N, eds. Aspects of Applied Biology, Physiological Responses of Plants to Pathogens. Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK. The Association of Applied Biology, 209-216.
348. Robinson PS, Cooke CJ, Newton RP, Walton TJ, Smith CJ. 1992. Phosphodiesterase activity of Medicago sativa L. Biochemical Society Transactions 20: 355.
349. Robinson PS, Newton RP, Walton TJ, Smith CJ. 1991. Calmodulin from lucerne: its potential role in intracellular signal transduction. Biochemical Society Transactions 19: 190S.
350. Roby D, Broglie K, Gaynor J, Broglie R. 1991. Regulation of a chitinase gene promoter by ethylene and elicitors in bean protoplasts. Plant Physiology 97: 433-439.
351. Roco A, Castaneda P, Perez LM. 1993. Oligosaccharides released by pectinase treatment of Citrus limon seedlings are elicitors of the plant response. Phytochemistry 33: 1301-1306.
352. Rogers KM, Albert F, Anderson AJ. 1988. Lipid peroxidation is a consequence of elicitor activity. Plant Physiology 86: 547-553.
353. Rossall S, Mansfield JW, Huston RA. 1980. Death of Botrytis cinerea and B. fabae following exposure to wyverone derivatives in vitro and during infection development in broad bean leaves. Physiological Plant Pathology 16: 135-146.
354. Rouhier PH, Bruneteau M, Pivot G, Bompeix G, Michel G. 1993. Effect of phosphonate in the composition of the mycelial wall of Phytophthora capsici. Phytochemistry 32: 1407-1410.
355. Ryan CA. 1990. Protease inhibitors in plants: genes for improving defenses against insects and pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 28: 425-449.
356. Ryan CA. 1994. Oligosaccharide signals: from plant defense to parasite offense. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91: 1-2.
357. Sacks WR, Ferreira P, Hahlbrock K, Jabs T, Nurnberger T, Renelt A, Scheel D. 1993. Elicitor recognition and intracellular signal transduction in plant defenses. In: Nester EW, Verma DPS, eds. Advances in Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 2. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 485-495.
358. Saindrenan P, Barchietto T, Avelino J, Bompeix G. 1988a. Effects of phosphite on phytoalexin accumulation in leaves of cowpea infected with Phytophthora cryptogea. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32: 425-435.
359. Saindrenan P, Barchietto T, Bompeix G. 1988b. Modification of the phosphite induced resistance response in leaves of cowpea infected with Phytophthora cryptogea by α-aminooxyacetate. Plant Science 58: 245-252.
360. Saindrenan P, Barchietto T, Bompeix G. 1990. Effects of phosphonate on the elicitor activity of culture filtrates of Phytophthora cryptogea in Vigna unguiculata. Plant Science 67: 245-251.
361. Saindrenan P, Guest DI. 1995. Involvement of phytoalexins in the response of phosphonate-treated plants to infection by Phytophthora species. In: Daniel M, Purkayasthsa RP, eds. Handbook of Phytoalexin Metabolism and Action. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 375-443.
362. Schäfer W, VanEtten HD, Yoder OC. 1988. Transformation of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus to a pea pathogen by insertion of a PDA gene of Nectria haematococca. Journal of Cell Biology 12C: 291 (Abstr.).
363. +-ATPase of oat roots by a calcium-stimulated protein kinase. Planta 173: 509-518.
364. Scheel D, Colling C, Hedrich R, Kawalleck P, Parker JE, Sacks WR, Somssich IE, Hahlbrock K. 1991. Signals in plant defence gene activation. In: Hennecke H, Verma DPS, eds. Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, vol. 1. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 373-380.
365. Scheel D, Colling C, Keller H, Parker J, Schulte W, Hahlbrock K. 1989. Studies on elicitor recognition and signal transduction in host and non host plant/fungus pathogenic interactions. In: Lugtenberg BJJ, ed. Signal Molecules in Plants and Plant-Microbe Interactions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 211-218.
366. Scheel D, Parker J. 1990. Elicitor recognition and plant defense gene activation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 45C: 569-575.
367. Scherer GFE, Martiny-Baron G, Stoffel B. 1988. A new set of regulatory molecules in plants: a plant phospholipid similar to platelet-activating factor stimulates protein kinase and proton-translocating ATPase in membrane vesicles. Planta 175: 241-253.
368. Schlubaum A, Mauch F, Vogeli V, Boller T. 1986. Plant chitinases are potent inhibitors of fungal growth. Nature 324: 365-367.
369. Schmidt WE, Ebel J. 1987. Specific binding of a fungal glucan elicitor to membrane tractions from soyabean Glycine max. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 84: 4117-4121.
370. 2+ from vacuolar membranes of oat roots. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262: 3944-3946.
371. 2+ and protein kinase activity. Planta 187: 136-141.
372. Sembdner G, Parthier B. 1993. The biochemistry and the physiological and molecular actions of jasmonates. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 44: 569-589.
373. Seneviratne GI, Harborne JB. 1922. Constitutive flavonoids and induced isoflavonoids as taxonomic markers in the genus Vigna. Biochemical and Systematic Ecology 20: 459-467.
374. Sharon A, Amsellem Z, Gressel J. 1992. Glyphosate suppression of an elicited defence response. Increased susceptibility of Cassia obtusifolia to a mycoherbicide. Plant Physiology 98: 654-659.
375. Sharp JK, Albersheim P, Ossowski P, Pilotti A, Garegg P, Lindberg P. 1984a. Comparison of the structures and elicitor activities of a synthetic and mycelial cell-wall-derived hexa-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 11341-11345.
376. Sharp JK, McNeil M, Albersheim P. 1984b. The primary structure of one elicitor active and seven elicitor-inactive hexa-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitols isolated from the mycelial cell walls of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 11321-11336.
377. Sharp JK, Valent B, Albersheim P. 1984c. Purification and partial characterization of a β-glucan fragment that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soyabean. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 11312-11320.
378. Shibuya N, Kaku H, Kuchitsu K, Maliarik MJ. 1993. Identification of a novel high-affinity binding site for N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the membrane fraction from suspension-cultured rice cells. FEBS Letters 329: 75-78.
379. Shiraishi T, Oku H, Isono M, Ouchi S. 1975. The injurious effect of pisatin on the plasma membrane of pea. Plant Cell Physiology 16: 939-942.
380. Shiraishi T, Saitoh K, Kim H-M, Kato T, Tahara M, Oku H, Yamada T, Ichynose Y. 1992. Two suppressors, Suppressins A and B, secreted by a pea pathogen Mycosphaerella pinodes. Plant and Cell Physiology 33: 663-667.
381. Showalter AM, Varner JE. 1987. Molecular details of plant cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein expression during wounding and infection. In: Molecular Strategies for Crop Protection. UCLA Symposium Molecular and Cellular Biology, New Series, vol. 48, 375-392.
382. Slusarenko AJ, Croft KP, Voisey CR. 1991. Biochemical and molecular events in the hypersensitive response of bean to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. In: Smith CJ, ed. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 126-143.
383. Smith CJ. 1991. Signal transduction involved in elicitation of phytoalexin synthesis in Medicago sativa L. In: Smith CJ, ed. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 255-270.
384. Smith CJ. 1994. Signal transduction in elicitation of phytoalexin synthesis. Biochemical Society Transactions 22: 417-422.
385. Smith CJ, Milton JM, Williams JM. 1995. Induction of phytoalexin synthesis in Medicago sativa (Lucerne)-Verticillium albo-atrum interaction. In: Daniel L, Purkayathsa RP, eds. Handbook of Phytoalexin Metabolism and Action. New York: Marcel Dekker, 405-443.
386. Smith CJ, Newton RP, Mullins CJ, Walton TJ. 1989. Plant host-pathogen interaction: elicitation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and its mediation by calcium. Biochemical Society Transactions 16: 1069-1070.
387. Smith DA. 1982. Toxicity of phytoalexins. In: Bailey JA, Mansfield JW, eds. Phytoalexins. Glasgow: Blackie, 218-252.
388. Smith DA, Banks SW. 1986. Biosynthesis, elicitation and biological activity of isoflavonoid phytoalexins. Phytochemistry 25: 979-995.
389. Smith DA, Wheeler HE, Banks SW, Cleveland TE. 1984. Association between reduced kievitone hydratase activity and virulence to bean in variants of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli. Physiological Plant Pathology 25: 135-147.
390. Snyder BA, Leite B, Hipskind J, Butler LG, Nicholson RL. 1991. Accumulation of sorghum phytoalexins induced by Colletrotrichum graminicola at the infection site. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 39: 463-470.
391. Snyder BA, Nicholson RL. 1990. Synthesis of phytoalexins in sorghum as a site-specific response to fungal ingress. Science 248: 1637-1639.
392. Spessard GO, Hanson C, Halvorson JS, Giannini JL. 1994. Effects of phaseollin on membrane leakage in red beet vacuoles and tonoplast vesicles. Photochemistry 35: 43-47.
393. 2+ on phytoalexin induction by fungal elicitor in soyabean cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 257: 416-423.
394. Steffens M, Ettl F, Kranz D, Kindl H. 1989. Vanadate mimics effects of fungal cell wall in eliciting gene activation in plant cell cultures. Planta 177: 160-168.
395. Steidl JR. 1988. Synthesis of 2,7-dihydroxycadalene, a cotton phytoalexin; photo-activated antibacterial activity of phytoalexins from cotton; effect of reactive oxygen scavengers and quenchers on biological activity and on two distinct degradation reactions of DHC. Ph.D. thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA.
396. Stekoll M, West CA. 1978. Purification and properties of an elicitor of castor bean phytoalexin from cultures of Rhizopus stolonifer. Plant Physiology 61: 38-45.
397. Sterner BA, Schmidt J, Lamb CJ, Dixon RA. 1990. Infection and stress activation of bean chalcone synthase promoters in transgenic tobacco. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 3: 381-388.
398. Stinissen HM, Peumans WJ, Chrispeels MJ. 1984. Subcellular site of lectin biosynthesis in developing rice embryos. EMBO Journal 3: 1979-1985.
399. Stossel P, Leuba JL. 1984. Effect of chitosan, chitin and some aminosugars on growth of soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 111: 82-90.
400. Straney DC, VanEtten HD. 1994. Characterization of the PDA1 promoter of Nectria haematococca and identification of a region that binds a pisatin-responsive DNA binding factor. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 7: 256-266.
401. Subba Rao PV, Strange R. 1995. Chemistry, biology and role of groundnut phytoalexins in resistance to fungal attack. In: Daniel L, Purkayathsa RP, eds. Handbook of Phytoalexin Metabolism and Action. New York: Marcel Dekker, 199-227.
402. Sulistyowati L, Keane PJ. 1992. Effect of soil salinity and water content on stem rot caused by Phytophthora citrophthora and accumulation of phytoalexin in citrus rootstocks. Phytopathology 82: 771-777.
403. Sulistyowati L, Keane PJ, Anderson JW. 1990. Accumulation of the phytoalexin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, in roots and stems of citrus seedlings following inoculation with Phytophthora citrophthora. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 37: 451-461.
404. Sun TJ, Essenberg M, Melcher U. 1989. Photoactivated DNA nicking, enzyme inactivation and bacterial inhibition by sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins from cotton. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 2: 139-147.
405. Sun TJ, Melcher U, Essenberg M. 1988. Inactivation of cauliflower mosaic virus by a photoactivable cotton phytoalexin. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 33: 115-126.
406. Takasugi M, Katui N. 1986. A biphenyl phytoalexin from Cercidiphyllum japonicum. Phytochemistry 25: 2751-2752.
407. Takasugi M, Monde K, Katsui N, Shirata A. 1987. Spirobrassinin, a novel sulfur-containing phytoalexin from the daikon Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis (Cruciferae). Chemistry Letters 8: 1631-1632.
408. Takeda T, Kanemitsu T, Ishiguro M, Ogihara Y, Matsubara M. 1994. Synthesis of a glycopeptide with phytoalexin elicitor activity I. Synthesis of a triglycosyl L-serine and a triglycosyl L-seryl-L-proline dipeptide. Carbohydrate Research 256: 59-69.
409. Takeuchi Y, Yoshikawa M, Horino O. 1990b. Immunological evidence that β-1,3-endoglucanase is the major elicitor releasing factor in soyabean. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 56: 523-531.
410. Takeuchi Y, Yoshikawa M, Takeba G, Tanaka K, Shibata D, Horino O. 1990a. Molecular cloning and ethylene induction of mRNA encoding a phytoalexin elicitor-releasing factor, β-1,3-endoglucanase, in soyabean. Plant Physiology 93: 673-682.
411. Taylor CW, Putney JW. 1987. Phosphoinositides and calcium signalling. In: Cheung WY, ed. Calcium and Cell Function, Vol. VII. New York: Academic Press, 1-39.
412. Tenhaken R, Levine A, Brisson LF, Dixon RA, Lamb CJ. 1995. Function of the oxidative burst in hypersensitive disease resistance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92: 4158-4163.
413. Tegtmeier KJ, VanEtten HD. 1982. The role of pisatin tolerance and degradation in the virulence of Nectria haematococca on peas: a genetic analysis. Phytopathology 72: 608-612.
414. Tepper CS, Anderson AJ. 1986. Two cultivars of bean display a differential response to extracellular components from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 29: 411-420.
415. Tester M. 1990. Plant ion channels: whole-cell and single channel studies. New Phytologist 114: 305-340.
416. Threlfall DR, Whitehead IM. 1988. Co-ordinated inhibition of squalene synthetase and induction of enzymes of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexain bisynthesis in cultures of Nicotiana tabacum. Phytochemistry 27: 2657-2580.
417. Threlfall DR, Whitehead IM. 1991. Terpenoid phytoalexins: aspects of biosynthesis, catabolism and regulation. In: Harborne JB, Tomas-Barberan FA, eds. Ecological Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Terpenoids. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 159-208.
418. Tomiyama K, Okamoto H. 1989. Effect of pre-inoculation heat treatment on the membrane potential change induced by infection with Phytophthora infestans. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 35: 191-201.
419. Toyoda K, Shiraishi T, Yoishioka H, Yamada T, Ichinose Y, Oku H. 1992. Regulation of polyphosphoinositide metabolism in pea plasma membranes by elicitor and a suppressor from a pea pathogen, Mycosphaerella pinodes. Plant and Cell Physiology 33: 445-452.
420. Toyoda K, Shiraishi T, Yamada T, Ichinose Y, Oku H. 1993. Rapid changes in polyphosphoinositide metabolism in pea in response to fungal signals. Plant Cell Physiology 34: 729-735.
421. Trewavas A, Gilroy S. 1991. Signal transduction in plant cells Trends in Genetics 7: 356-360.
422. Van de Loecht U, Meier I, Hahlbrock K, Somssich IE. 1990. A 125 bp promoter fragment is sufficient for strong elicitor-mediated gene activation in parsley. EMBO Journal 9: 2945-2950.
423. van der Heijden R, Threlfall DR, Verpoorte R, Whitehead IM. 1989. Regulation and enzymology of pentacyclic triterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of Tabernaemontana divaricata. Phytochemistry 28: 2981-2988.
424. VanEtten HD. 1973. Differential sensitivity of fungi to pisatin and phaseollin. Phytopathology 63: 1477-1482.
425. VanEtten HD. 1976. Antifungal activity of pterocarpans and other selected isoflavonoids. Phytochemistry 15: 655-656.
426. VanEtten HD, Barz W. 1981. Expression of pisatin demethylating ability in Nectria haematococca. Archives of Microbiology 129: 56-60.
427. VanEtten HD, Bateman DF. 1971. Study on the mode of action of the phytoalexin phaseollin. Phytopathology 61: 1363-1372.
428. VanEtten HD, Matthews DE, Matthews PS. 1989. Phytoalexin detoxification: importance for pathogenicity and practical implications. Annual Review of Phytopathology 27: 143-164.
429. VanEtten HD, Matthews DE, Smith DA. 1982. Metabolism of phytoalexins. In: Bailey JA, Mansfield JW, eds. Phytoalexins Glasgow and London: Blackie, 181-217.
430. VanEtten HD, Pueppke SG, Kelsey TC. 1975. 3,6a-Dihydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-pterocarpan as a metabolite of pisatin produced by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi. Phytochemistry 14: 1103-1105.
431. Van Peer R, Schippers B. 1992. Lipopolysaccharides of a plant-growth promoting Pseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r induce resistance in carnation to Fusarium wilt. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 98: 129-139.
432. +-ATPase by elicitor-induced enzyme dephosphorylation. Plant Physiology 104: 209-215.
433. Vera-Estrella R, Blumwald E, Higgins VJ. 1992. Effect of specific elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum on tomato suspension cells. Plant Physiology 99: 1208-1215.
434. Viard MP, Martin F, Pugin A, Ricci P, Blein JP. 1994. Protein-phosphorylation is induced in tobacco cells by the elicitor cryptogein. Plant Physiology 104: 1245-1249.
435. Vogeli U, Freeman JW, Chappell J. 1990. Purification and characterization of an inducible sesquiterpene cyclase from elicitor-treated tobacco cell suspension cultures. Plant Physiology 93: 182-187.
436. Vogeli U, Vogeli-Lange R, Chapell J. 1992. Inhibition of phytoalexin biosynthesis in elicitor-treated tobacco cell-suspension cultures by calcium/calmodulin antagonists. Plant Physiology 100: 1369-1376.
437. Waldmuller T, Cosio EG, Grisebach H, Ebel J. 1992. Release of highly elicitor-active glucans by germinating zoospores of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Planta 188: 498-505.
438. Waldmuller T, Grisebach H. 1987. Effects of R-(1-amino-2-phenylethyl) phosphonic acid on glyceollin accumulation and expression of resistance to Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea in soyabean. Planta 172: 424-430.
439. Walton TJ, Cooke CJ, Newton RP, Smith CJ. 1993. Evidence that generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate are rapid responses following addition of fungal elicitor which induces phytoalexin synthesis in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) suspension culture cells. Cellular Signalling 5: 345-356.
440. Wattad C, Dinoor A, Prusky D. 1994. Purification of a pectate lyase produced by Colletrotrichum gloeosporoides and its inhibition by epicatechin - a possible factor involved in the resistance of unripe avacado fruits to anthracnose. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 7: 293-297.
441. Weidenborer M, Jha HC. 1994. Structure-activity relationships amongst isoflavanoids with regard to their antifungal properties. Mycological Research 12: 1376-1378.
442. Weidemann C, Tenhaken R, Hoehl U, Barz W. 1991. Medicarpin and maackiain 3-O-glucoside-6′-O-malonate conjugates are constitutive compounds in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cell cultures. Plant Cell Reports 10: 371-374.
443. Weigand F, Koster J, Weltzein HC, Barz W. 1986. Accumulation of phytoalexins and isoflavone glucosides in a resistant and susceptible cultivar of Cicer arietinum during infection with Ascochyta rabiei. Journal of Phytopathology 115: 214-221.
444. Weinstein LI, Albersheim P. 1983. Host-pathogen interactions. XXII. The mechanism of the antibacterial activity of glycinol, a pterocarpan phytoalexin synthesised by soyabeans. Plant Physiology 72: 557-563.
445. Weltring K-M, Turgeon BG, Yoder OC, VanEtten HD. 1988. Isolation of a phytoalexin-detoxifying gene from the plant pathogenic fungus Nectria haematococca by detecting its expression in Aspergillus nidulans. Gene 68: 335-344.
446. Werner C, Hohl HR. 1990. The effects of calcium and magnesium on accumulation and secretion of isoflavonoids by soyabean roots. Plant Science 72: 181-191.
447. Wessels JGH, Sietsma JH. 1981. Fungal cell walls: a survey. In: Tanner W, Leowus FA, eds. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. New Series. Plant Carbohydrates. II. Extracellular Carbohydrates, vol. 13B. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag.
448. Wijesundera RLC, Bailey JA, Byrde RJW, Fielding AH. 1989. Cell wall degrading enzymes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum: their role in the development of bean anthracnose. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 34: 403-413.
449. Wingender R, Roehrig H, Hoericke C, Schell J. 1990. cis-Regulatory elements involved in light regulation and plant defence. Plant Cell 2: 1019-1026.
450. Witham FH, Gustine DL. 1991. Binding of a phytoalexin elicitor to DNA. A model approach. In: Hedin PA, ed. Naturally Occurring Pest Bioregulators. American Chemical Society Symposium Series, vol. 449, Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 324-335.
451. Wubben JP, Joosten MHAJ, Van Kan JAL, De Wit PJGM. 1992. Subcellular localization of plant chitinases and 1,3-β-glucanases of Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Fulvia fulva)-infected tomato leaves. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 41: 23-32.
452. Yamada T, Hashimoto H, Shiraishi T, Oku H. 1989. Suppression of pisatin, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA and chalcone synthase mRNA accumulation by a putative pathogenicity factor from the fungus Mycosphaerella pinodes. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 2: 256-261.
453. Yoshikawa M, Keen NT, Wang M-C. 1983. A receptor on soybean membranes for a fungal elicitor of phytoalexin accumulation. Plant Physiology 73: 497-506.
454. Yoshikawa M, Sugimoto K. 1993a. A specific binding site on soyabean membranes for a phytoalexin elicitor released from fungal cell walls by β-1,3-endoglucanase. Plant Cell Physiology 43: 1229-1237.
455. Yoshikawa M, Sugimoto K. 1993b. A fungal suppressor of phytoalexin production competes for the elicitor-receptor binding site. Naturwissenschaften 80: 374-376.
456. Yoshikawa M, Tsuda M, Takeuchi Y. 1993. Resistance to fungal disease in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the phytoalexin elicitor-releasing factor, β-1,3-endoglucanase, from soyabean. Naturwissenschaften 80: 417-420.
457. Yoshikawa M, Takeuchi Y. 1991. Molecular aspects of elicitation of host defense reactions. In: Patil SS, ed. Molecular Strategies of Pathogens and Host Plants. New York: Springer-Verlag, 165-176.
458. Yoshikawa M, Takeuchi Y, Horino O. 1990. A mechanism for ethylene-induced resistance in soyabean: enhanced synthesis of an elicitor-releasing factor, β-1,3-endoglucanase. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 37: 367-376.
459. Yoshioka H, Shiraishi T, Kawamatas S, Nasu K, Yamada T, Ichinose Y, Oku H. 1992. Orthovanadate suppresses accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA and chalcone synthase mRNA in pea epicotyls induced by elicitor from Mycosphaerella pinodes. Plant and Cell Physiology 33: 201-204.
460. Yoshioka H, Shiraishi T, Yamada T, Ichinose Y, Oku H. 1990. Suppression of pisatin production and ATPase activity in pea plasma membranes by orthovanadate, Verapamil and a suppressor from Mycosphaerella pinodes. Plant and Cell Physiology 31: 1139-1146.
461. Zhu Q, Lamb CJ. 1991. Isolation and characterization of a rice gene encoding a basic chitinase. Molecular and General Genetics 226: 289-296.
462. Ziegler E, Pontzen R. 1982. Specific inhibition of glucan elicited glyceollin accumulation in soyabeans by an extracellular mannan-glycoprotein of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. Physiological Plant Pathology 20: 321-331.
463. Zook MN, Kuc JA. 1991. Induction of sesquiterpene cyclase and suppression of squalene synthetase in elicitor-treated or fungal infected potato tissue. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 39: 377-390.
464. 2+ in the elicitation of rishitin and lubimin accumulation in potato tuber tissue. Plant Physiology 84: 520-525.