Effect of cyclopentadienyl and anionic ancillary ligand in syndiospecific styrene polymerization catalyzed by nonbridged half-titanocenes containing aryloxo, amide, and anilide ligands: Cocatalyst systems

Macromolecules

Volumn 37, Issue 15, 2004, Pages 5520-5530

  Byun, Doo Jin ^a   Fudo, Aya ^a   Tanaka, Aki ^a   Fujiki, Michiya ^a   Nomura, Kotohiro ^a  

^a NARA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYSIS; CHEMICAL BONDS; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; PHASE EQUILIBRIA; POLYMERIZATION; POLYSTYRENES; STRUCTURE (COMPOSITION); THERMAL EFFECTS;

ANILIDE LIGANDS; COCATALYSTS; STYRENE POLYMERIZATION;

STYRENE;

EID: 3943062220     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma049549z     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. For example (review): (a) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143. (b) Kaminsky, W. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3903. (c) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143. (d) Suhm, J.; Heinemann, J.; Wörner, C.; Müller, P.; Stricker, F.; Kressler, J.; Okuda, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Symp. 1998, 129, 1. (e) McKnight, A. L.; Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587. (f) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, 429. (g) V. C. Gibson, S. K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
2. For example (review): (a) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143. (b) Kaminsky, W. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3903. (c) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143. (d) Suhm, J.; Heinemann, J.; Wörner, C.; Müller, P.; Stricker, F.; Kressler, J.; Okuda, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Symp. 1998, 129, 1. (e) McKnight, A. L.; Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587. (f) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, 429. (g) V. C. Gibson, S. K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
3. For example (review): (a) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143. (b) Kaminsky, W. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3903. (c) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143. (d) Suhm, J.; Heinemann, J.; Wörner, C.; Müller, P.; Stricker, F.; Kressler, J.; Okuda, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Symp. 1998, 129, 1. (e) McKnight, A. L.; Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587. (f) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, 429. (g) V. C. Gibson, S. K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
4. For example (review): (a) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143. (b) Kaminsky, W. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3903. (c) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143. (d) Suhm, J.; Heinemann, J.; Wörner, C.; Müller, P.; Stricker, F.; Kressler, J.; Okuda, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Symp. 1998, 129, 1. (e) McKnight, A. L.; Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587. (f) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, 429. (g) V. C. Gibson, S. K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
5. For example (review): (a) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143. (b) Kaminsky, W. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3903. (c) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143. (d) Suhm, J.; Heinemann, J.; Wörner, C.; Müller, P.; Stricker, F.; Kressler, J.; Okuda, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Symp. 1998, 129, 1. (e) McKnight, A. L.; Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587. (f) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, 429. (g) V. C. Gibson, S. K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
6. For example (review): (a) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143. (b) Kaminsky, W. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3903. (c) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143. (d) Suhm, J.; Heinemann, J.; Wörner, C.; Müller, P.; Stricker, F.; Kressler, J.; Okuda, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Symp. 1998, 129, 1. (e) McKnight, A. L.; Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587. (f) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, 429. (g) V. C. Gibson, S. K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
7. For example (review): (a) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143. (b) Kaminsky, W. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3903. (c) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143. (d) Suhm, J.; Heinemann, J.; Wörner, C.; Müller, P.; Stricker, F.; Kressler, J.; Okuda, J.; Mülhaupt, R. Macromol. Symp. 1998, 129, 1. (e) McKnight, A. L.; Waymouth, R. M. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587. (f) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1999, 38, 429. (g) V. C. Gibson, S. K. Spitzmesser, Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283.
8. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
9. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
10. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
11. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
12. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
13. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
14. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
15. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
16. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
17. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
18. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
19. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
20. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
21. For example (MAO cocatalyst): (a) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1986, 35, 240. (b) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2465. (c) Zambelli, A.; Longo, P.; Pellecchia, C.; Grassi, A. Macromolecules 1987, 20, 2035. (d) Ishihara, N.; Seimiya, T.; Kuramoto, M.; Uoi, M. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3356. (e) Zambelli, A.; Oliva, L.; Pellecchia, C. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2129. (f) Newman, T. H.; Campbell, R. E.; Malanga, M. T. Metcon '93 1993, 315. (g) Ready, T. E.; Day, R. O.; Chien, J. C. W.; Rausch, M. D. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5822. (h) Tomotsu, N.; Kuramoto, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Maezawa, H. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 211. (i) Chien, J. C. W. Metallocenes 1996, 96, 223. (j) Kaminsky, W.; Lenk, S.; Scholz, V.; Roesky, H. W.; Herzog, A. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 7647. (k) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597. (1) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 198, 1823. (m) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Aida, M.; Takeuchi, M.; Yokota, K.; Aoyama, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Inoue, T. In Future Technology for Polyolefin and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis; Terano, M., Shiono, T., Eds.; Technology and Education Publishers: Tokyo, 2002; pp 49-54. (n) Tomotsu, N.; Yokota, K.; Inoue, T.; Aoyama, Y.; Takeuchi, M.; Shozaki, H.; Kuramoto, M. Abstract in European Polymer Conference on Stereospecific Polymerization and Stereoregular Polymers, Milano, Italy, 2003.
22. Example concerning syndiospecific styrene polymerization by half-titanocene complex-borate catalyst: (a) Grassi, A.; Lamberti, C.; Zambelli, A.; Mingozzi, I. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 1884. (b) Grassi, A.; Saccheo, S.; Zambelli, A.; Laschi, F. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 5588. (c) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M.; Soga, K. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1999, 20, 569. (d) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 3692. (e) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597.
23. Example concerning syndiospecific styrene polymerization by half-titanocene complex-borate catalyst: (a) Grassi, A.; Lamberti, C.; Zambelli, A.; Mingozzi, I. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 1884. (b) Grassi, A.; Saccheo, S.; Zambelli, A.; Laschi, F. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 5588. (c) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M.; Soga, K. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1999, 20, 569. (d) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 3692. (e) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597.
24. Example concerning syndiospecific styrene polymerization by half-titanocene complex-borate catalyst: (a) Grassi, A.; Lamberti, C.; Zambelli, A.; Mingozzi, I. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 1884. (b) Grassi, A.; Saccheo, S.; Zambelli, A.; Laschi, F. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 5588. (c) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M.; Soga, K. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1999, 20, 569. (d) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 3692. (e) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597.
25. Example concerning syndiospecific styrene polymerization by half-titanocene complex-borate catalyst: (a) Grassi, A.; Lamberti, C.; Zambelli, A.; Mingozzi, I. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 1884. (b) Grassi, A.; Saccheo, S.; Zambelli, A.; Laschi, F. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 5588. (c) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M.; Soga, K. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1999, 20, 569. (d) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 3692. (e) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597.
26. Example concerning syndiospecific styrene polymerization by half-titanocene complex-borate catalyst: (a) Grassi, A.; Lamberti, C.; Zambelli, A.; Mingozzi, I. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 1884. (b) Grassi, A.; Saccheo, S.; Zambelli, A.; Laschi, F. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 5588. (c) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M.; Soga, K. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1999, 20, 569. (d) Kawabe, M.; Murata, M. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2001, 39, 3692. (e) Tomotsu, N.; Shouzaki, H.; Takeuchi, M. Polym. Prepr. Jpn. 1998, 47, 1597.
27. For example (review): (a) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. Catal. Surveys Jpn. 1997, 1, 97. (b) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N.; Newman, T. H.; Malanga, M. T. J. Mol. Catal. A 1998, 128, 167. (c) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. J. Synth. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1999, 57, 450. (d) Pellechia, C.; Grassi, A. Top. Catal. 1999, 7, 125. (e) Metallocene-Based Polyolefins; Scheirs, J., Kaminsky, W., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, 2000; Vol. 2, p 568.
28. For example (review): (a) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. Catal. Surveys Jpn. 1997, 1, 97. (b) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N.; Newman, T. H.; Malanga, M. T. J. Mol. Catal. A 1998, 128, 167. (c) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. J. Synth. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1999, 57, 450. (d) Pellechia, C.; Grassi, A. Top. Catal. 1999, 7, 125. (e) Metallocene-Based Polyolefins; Scheirs, J., Kaminsky, W., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, 2000; Vol. 2, p 568.
29. For example (review): (a) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. Catal. Surveys Jpn. 1997, 1, 97. (b) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N.; Newman, T. H.; Malanga, M. T. J. Mol. Catal. A 1998, 128, 167. (c) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. J. Synth. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1999, 57, 450. (d) Pellechia, C.; Grassi, A. Top. Catal. 1999, 7, 125. (e) Metallocene-Based Polyolefins; Scheirs, J., Kaminsky, W., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, 2000; Vol. 2, p 568.
30. For example (review): (a) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. Catal. Surveys Jpn. 1997, 1, 97. (b) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N.; Newman, T. H.; Malanga, M. T. J. Mol. Catal. A 1998, 128, 167. (c) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. J. Synth. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1999, 57, 450. (d) Pellechia, C.; Grassi, A. Top. Catal. 1999, 7, 125. (e) Metallocene-Based Polyolefins; Scheirs, J., Kaminsky, W., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, 2000; Vol. 2, p 568.
31. For example (review): (a) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. Catal. Surveys Jpn. 1997, 1, 97. (b) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N.; Newman, T. H.; Malanga, M. T. J. Mol. Catal. A 1998, 128, 167. (c) Tomotsu, N.; Ishihara, N. J. Synth. Org. Chem. Jpn. 1999, 57, 450. (d) Pellechia, C.; Grassi, A. Top. Catal. 1999, 7, 125. (e) Metallocene-Based Polyolefins; Scheirs, J., Kaminsky, W., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, 2000; Vol. 2, p 568.
32. Example for a mechanistic study concerning both styrene polymerization (and propylene/styrene copolymerization): (a) Mahanthappa, M. K.; Waymouth, R. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12093. (b) Minieri, G.; Corradini, P.; Guerra, G.; Zambelli, A.; Cavallo, L. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 5379.
33. Example for a mechanistic study concerning both styrene polymerization (and propylene/styrene copolymerization): (a) Mahanthappa, M. K.; Waymouth, R. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12093. (b) Minieri, G.; Corradini, P.; Guerra, G.; Zambelli, A.; Cavallo, L. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 5379.
34. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
35. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
36. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
37. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
38. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
39. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
40. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
41. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
42. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
43. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: (a) Longo, P.; Grassi, A.; Oliva, L. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387. (b) Naganuma, S.; Kuramoto, M. JP(Kokai) H3-7705, 1991 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (c) Naganuma, S.; Tasaki, T.; Machida, S. JP(Kokai) H4-130114, 1992 (to Idemitsu Kosan Co.). (d) Aaltonen, P.; Seppälä Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683. (e) Pellecchia, C.; Pappalardo, D.; D'Arco, M.; Zambelli, A. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158. (f) Oliva, L.; Mazza, S.; Longo, P. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115. (g) Oliva, L.; Izzo, L.; Longo, P. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745. (h) Xu, G.; Lin, S. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685. (i) Lee, D.-H.; Y. K.-B.; Kim. H.-Y.; Woo, S.-S.; Non, S. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 67, 2187. (j) Wu, Q.; Ye, Z.; Gao, Q.; Lin, S. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1998, 199, 1715.
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70. As described in ref 13, the reaction products were a mixture of syndiotactic polystyrene [SPS-, acetone-, or 2-butanone (MEK)-insoluble fraction] and atactic polystyrene [APS-, acetone-, or MEK-spluble fraction]. A small amount of APS was obtained especially at the initial stage, and the amount was smaller than that produced by MAO itself in all cases. On the basis of these results, we thus concluded that half-titanocene catalyst precursor employed this research affords SPS exclusively.
71. 13
72. 2m,n
73. 4a although the experimental details were not seen. These results also assume that dominant chain transfer in the styrene polymerization by the Cp* analogue would be the chain transfer to aluminum.
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79. 4 because, as described in Table 7, these cocatalysts (alkylaluminum and borate compounds) affords atactic polystyrene independently, and the observed catalytic activity for syndiospecific styrene polymerization depended upon these concentrations.