New trends in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis: Applications of dielectrophoresis-based Lab-on-a-chip platforms to the identification and manipulation of rare cells (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 3-12

  Borgatti, Monica ^a   Bianchi, Nicoletta ^a   Mancini, Irene ^a   Feriotto, Giordana ^a   Gambari, Roberto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FERRARA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Dielectrophoresis; Fetal nucleated red blood cells; Prenatal diagnosis; Trophoblasts

Indexed keywords

HLA ANTIGEN; MESSENGER RNA; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY;

AMNIOCENTESIS; ANEUPLOIDY; ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTION; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; AUTOMATION; BIOMEDICINE; BIOTECHNOLOGY; BODY FLUID; CELL ASSAY; CELL COUNT; CELL DENSITY; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL INTERACTION; CELL ISOLATION; CELL MATURATION; CELL POLARITY; CELL POPULATION; CELL SELECTION; CELL SIZE; CHORION VILLUS SAMPLING; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; CHROMOSOME MOSAICISM; COMPUTER ANALYSIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; COMPUTER PROGRAM; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DNA DETERMINATION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ELECTRODE; ELECTROPHORESIS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; ERYTHROCYTE; FETUS BLOOD SAMPLING; FETUS CELL; FLUORESCENCE ACTIVATED CELL SORTING; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE SEQUENCE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL CULTURE; LAB ON A CHIP; LASER MICRODISSECTION; LASER PRESSURE CATAPULTING; MATERNAL BLOOD; MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MONOGENIC DISORDER; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; RNA ANALYSIS; RNA ISOLATION; TARGET CELL; TROPHOBLAST; Y CHROMOSOME;

EID: 38949177732     PISSN: 11073756     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.21.1.3     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Wapner RJ: Invasive prenatal diagnostic techniques. Semin Perinatol 29: 401-404, 2005.
2. Chen CP, Lin CC, Li YC, Chern SR, Lee CC, Chen WL, Lee MS, Wang W and Tzen CY: Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular analyses of prenatally diagnosed mosaic tetrasomy for distal chromosome 15q and review of the literature. Prenat Diagn 24: 767-773, 2004.
3. Seeds JW: Diagnostic mid-trimester amniocentesis: how safe? Am J Obstet Gynecol 191: 607-615, 2004.
4. Ball RH: Invasive fetal testing. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 16: 159-162, 2004.
5. Jackson L and Wapner RJ: Chorionic villus sampling. In: Essentials of Prenatal Diagnosis. Simpson JL and Elias S (eds). Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 45-61, 1993.
6. Christensen B, Philip J, Kolvraa S, Lykke-Hansen L, Hromadnikova I, Gohel D, Lorch T, Plesch A, Bang J, Smidt-Jensen S, Hertz J and Djursing H: Fetal cells in maternal blood: a comparison of methods for cell isolation and identification. Fetal Diagn Ther 20: 106-112, 2005.
7. Papasavva T, Kalakoutis G, Kalikas I, Neokli E, Papacharalambous S, Kyrri A and Kleanthous M: Noninvasive prenatal diagnostic assay for the detection of beta-thalassemia. Ann NY Acad Sci 1075: 148-153, 2006.
8. Galbiati S, Restagno G, Foglieni B, Bonalumi S, Travi M, Piga A, Sbaiz L, Chiari M, Damin F, Smid M, Valsecchi L, Pasi F, Ferrari A, Ferrari M and Cremonesi L: Different approaches for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases based on PNA-mediated enriched PCR. Ann NY Acad Sci 1075: 137-143, 2006.
9. Uitto J, Pfendner E and Jackson LG: Probing the fetal genome: progress in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Trends Mol Med 9: 339-343, 2003.
10. Avent ND and Chitty LS: Non-invasive diagnosis of fetal sex; utilisation of free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and ultrasound. Prenat Diagn 26: 598-603, 2006.
11. Tong YK and Lo YM: Diagnostic developments involving cell-free (circulating) nucleic acids. Clin Chim. Acta 363: 187-196, 2006.
12. Li Y, Page-Christiaens GC, Gille JJ, Holzgreve W and Hahn S: Non-invasive prenatal detection of achondroplasia in size-fractionated cell-free DNA by MALDI-TOF MS assay. Prenat Diagn 27: 11-17, 2007.
13. Dennis Lo YM and Chiu RW: Prenatal diagnosis: progress through plasma nucleic acids. Nat Rev Genet 8: 71-77, 2007.
14. van Wijk IJ, de Hoon AC, Griffioen S, Mulders MA, Tjoa ML, van Vugt JM and Oudejans CB: Identification of triploid trophoblast cells in peripheral blood of a woman with a partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy. Prenat Diagn 21: 1142-1145, 2001.
15. van Wijk IJ, Griffioen S, Tjoa ML, Mulders MA, van Vugt JM, Loke YW and Oudejans CB: HLA-G expression in trophoblast cells circulating in maternal peripheral blood during early pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184: 991-997, 2001.
16. Schueler PA, Yamanishi DT, Pearson J, Lee Y, Wu X, Hashima S, Madlansacay MR, Cain CA, Collarini EJ, Foltz L and Mahoney W: Inconsistency of fetal trophoblast cells in first trimester maternal peripheral blood prevents non-invasive fetal testing using this cell target. Placenta 22: 702-715, 2001.
17. Mavrou A, Kolialexi A, Antsaklis A, Korantzis A and Metaxotou C: Identification of fetal nucleated red blood cells in the maternal circulation during pregnancy using anti-hemoglobin-epsilon antibody. Fetal Diagn Ther 18: 309-313, 2003.
18. Guetta E, Simchen MJ, Mammon-Daviko K, Gordon D, Aviram-Goldring A, Rauchbach N and Barkai G: Analysis of fetal blood cells in the maternal circulation: challenges, ongoing efforts, and potential solutions. Stem Cells Dev 13: 93-99, 2004.
19. Troeger C, Holzgreve W and Hahn S: A comparison of different density gradients and antibodies for enrichment of fetal erythroblasts by MACS. Prenat Diagn 19: 521-526, 1999.
20. Krabchi K, Gadji M, Samassekou O, Gregoire MC, Forest JC and Drouin R: Quantification of fetal nucleated cells in maternal blood of pregnant women with a male trisomy 21 fetus using molecular cytogenetic techniques. Prenat Diagn 26: 28-34, 2006.
21. Torricelli F and Pescucci C: Isolation of fetal cells from the maternal circulation: prospects for the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 39: 494-500, 2001.
22. Ho SS, O'Donoghue K and Choolani M: Fetal cells in maternal blood: state of the art for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 32: 597-603, 2003.
23. Walknowska J, Conte FA and Grumbach MM: Practical and theoretical implication of fetal:maternal lymphocyte transfer. Lancet 1: 1119-1122, 1969.
24. Herzenberg LA, Bianchi DW, Schroder J, Cann HM and Iverson GM: Fetal cells in the blood of pregnant women: detection and enrichment by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 76: 1453-1455, 1979.
25. Schmorl G: Pathologisch-Anatomische Untersuchungen uber Puerperal Eklampsie. Leipzig, Vogel, 1893.
26. Hahnemann JM and Vejerslev LO: Accuracy of cytogenetic findings on chorionic villus sampling (CVS)-diagnostic consequences of CVS mosaicism and non-mosaic discrepancy in centres contributing to EUCROMIC 1986-1992. Prenat Diagn 17: 801-820, 1997.
27. Bianchi DW, Flint AF, Pizzimenti MF, Knoll JHM and Latt SA: Isolation of fetal DNA from nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 87: 3279-3283, 1990.
28. Price JO, Elias S, Wachtel SS, Klinger K, Dockter M, Tharapel A, Shulman LP, Phillips OP, Meyers CM, Shook D, et al: Prenatal diagnosis with fetal cells isolated from maternal blood by multiparameter flow cytometry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165: 1731-1737, 1991.
29. Ganshirt D, Smeets FW, Dohr A, Walde C, Steen I, Lapucci C, Falcinelli C, Sant R, Velasco M, Garritsen HS and Holzgreve W: Enrichment of fetal nucleated red blood cells from the maternal circulation for prenatal diagnosis: experiences with triple density gradient and MACS based on more than 600 cases. Fetal Diagn Therap 13: 276-286, 1998.
30. Bischoff FZ, Marquez-Do DA, Martinez DI, Dang D, Horne C, Lewis D and Simpson JL: Intact fetal cell isolation from maternal blood: improved isolation using a simple whole blood progenitor cell enrichment approach (RosetteSep). Clin Genet 63: 483-489, 2003.
31. Wachtel SS, Sammons D, Manley M, Wachtel G, Twitty G, Utermohlen J, Phillips OP, Shulman LP, Taron DJ, Muller UR, Koeppen P, Ruffalo TM, Addis K, Porreco R, Murata-Collins J, Parker NB and McGavran L: Fetal cells in maternal blood: recovery by charge flow separation. Hum Genet 98: 162-166, 1996.
32. von Eggeling F, Michel S, Gunther M, Schimmel B and Claussen U: Determination of the origin of single nucleated cells in maternal circulation by means of random PCR and a set of length polymorphisms. Hum Genet 99: 266-270, 1997.
33. Samura O, Sohda S, Johnson KL, Pertl B, Ralston S, Delli-Bovi LC, et al: Diagnosis of trisomy 21 in fetal nucleated erythrocytes from maternal blood by use of short tandem repeat sequences. Clin Chem 47: 1622-1626, 2001.
34. Cheung MC, Goldberg JD and Kan YW: Prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemia by analysis of fetal cells in maternal blood. Nat Genet 14: 264-268,1996.
35. Suzumori K, Adachi R, Okada S, Narukawa T, Yagami Y and Sonta S: Fetal cells in the maternal circulation: detection of Y-sequence by gene amplification. Obstet Gynecol 80: 150-154, 1992.
36. Sekizawa A, Kimura T, Sasaki M, Nakamura S, Kobayashi R and Sato T: Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a single fetal nucleated erythrocyte in maternal blood. Neurology 46: 1350-1353, 1996.
37. Ganshirt-Ahlert D, Borjesson-Stoll R, Burschyk M, Dohr A, Garritsen HS, Helmer E, et al: Detection of fetal trisomies 21 and 18 from maternal blood using triple gradient and magnetic cell sorting. Am J Reprod Immunol 30: 194-201, 1993.
38. Cacheux V, Milesi-Fluet C, Tachdjian G, Druart L, Bruch JF, Hsi BL, Uzan S and Nessmann C: Detection of 47, XYY trophoblast fetal cells in maternal blood by fluorescence in situ hybridization after using immunomagnetic lymphocyte depletion and flow cytometry sorting. Fetal Diagn Ther 7: 190-194, 1992.
39. Pezzolo A, Santi F, Pistoia V and De Biasio P: Prenatal diagnosis of triploidy using fetal cells in the maternal circulation. Prenat Diagn 17: 389, 1997.
40. Geifman-Holtzman O, Bernstein IM, Berry SM, Holtzman EJ, Vadnais TJ, DeMaria MA and Bianchi DW: Fetal Rh genotyping in fetal cells flow sorted from maternal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 174: 818-822, 1996.
41. Oosterwijk JC, Mesker WE, Ouwerkerk-van Velzen MC, Knepfle CF, Wiesmeijer KC, Beverstock GC, Van Ommen GJ, Tanke HJ and Kanhai HH: Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 on fetal cells obtained from maternal blood after minor enrichment. Prenat Diagn 18: 1082-1085, 1998.
42. de Graf IM, van Bezouw SM, Jakobs ME, Leschot NJ, Zondervan HA, Bilardo CM and Hoovers JM: First trimester non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of triploidy. Prenat Diagn 19: 175-177, 1999.
43. Choolani M, O'Donnell H, Campagnoli C, Kumar S, Roberts I, Bennett PR and Fisk NM: Simultaneous fetal cell identification and diagnosis by epsilon globin chain immunophenotyping and chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization. Blood 98: 554-557, 2001.
44. Winichagoon P, Sithongdee S, Kanokpongsakdi S, Tantisirin P, Bernini LF and Fucharoen S: Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis. Int J Hematol 81: 396-399, 2005.
45. Nagy GR, Ban Z, Sipos F, Beke A, Papp C and Papp Z: Isolation of epsilon-haemoglobin-chain positive fetal cells with micromanipulation for prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 25: 398-402, 2005.
46. Fernandez A, Prieto B, Escudero A, Ladenson JH and Alvarez FV: A monoclonal antibody with potential for aiding non-invasive prenatal diagnosis: utility in screening of pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia. J Histochem Cytochem 53: 345-350, 2005.
47. Al-Mufti R, Hambley H, Farzaneh F and Nicolaides KH: Fetal and embryonic hemoglobins in erythroblasts from fetal blood and fetal cells enriched from maternal blood in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 15: 109-114, 2004.
48. Al-Mufti R, Hambley H, Farzaneh F and Nicolaides KH: Assessment of efficacy of cell separation techniques used in the enrichment of foetal erythroblasts from maternal blood: triple density gradient vs. single density gradient. Clin Lab Haematol 26: 123-128, 2004.
49. Christensen B, Philip J, Lykke-Hansen L and Kolvraa S: Sensitivity and specificity of the identification of fetal cells in maternal blood by combined staining with antibodies against beta-, gamma- and epsilon-globin chains. Fetal Diagn Ther 18: 479-484, 2003.
50. Christensen B, Kolvraa S, Lykke-Hansen L, Lorch T, Gohel D, Smidt-Jensen S, Bang J and Philip J: Studies on the isolation and identification of fetal nucleated red blood cells in the circulation of pregnant women before and after chorion villus sampling. Fetal Diagn Ther 18: 376-384, 2003.
51. Choi JW, Kim Y, Fujino M and Ito M: Significance of fetal hemoglobin-containing erythroblasts (F blasts) and the F blast/F cell ratio in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 16: 1478-1483, 2002.
52. Collarini EJ, Nagy D, Cain CA, Gammon D, Schueler PA and Mahoney WC: A novel method for depositing erythroid cells onto glass slides for fetal cell analysis. Cytometry 45: 304-309, 2001.
53. Collarini EJ, Cain CA, Gammon D, Harriman B, Magee K, Du G, Schueler PA and Mahoney WC: Comparison of methods for erythroblast selection: application to selecting fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood. Cytometry 45: 267-276, 2001.
54. Xu H, Foltz L, Sha Y, Madlansacay MR, Cain C, Lindemann G, Vargas J, Nagy D, Harriman B, Mahoney W and Schueler PA: Cloning and characterization of human erythroid membrane-associated protein, human ERMAP. Genomics 76: 2-4, 2001.
55. Martel-Petit V, Petit C, Marchand M, Fleurentin A, Fontaine B, Miton A, Lemarie P, Philippe C and Jonveaux P: Use of the Kleihauer test to detect fetal erythroblasts in the maternal circulation. Prenat Diagn 21: 106-111, 2001.
56. Sekizawa A, Samura O, Zhen DK, Falco V, Farina A and Bianchi DW: Apoptosis in fetal nucleated erythrocytes circulating in maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 20: 886-889, 2000.
57. Jakobs ME, van Lith JM, de Graaf IM, Knegt AC and Hoovers JM: Genetic analysis of fetal nucleated red blood cells from CVS washings. Prenat Diagn 20: 832-834, 2000.
58. Samura O, Pertl B, Sohda S, Johnson KL, Sekizawa A, Falco VM, Elmes RS and Bianchi DW: Female fetal cells in maternal blood: use of DNA polymorphisms to prove origin. Hum Genet 107: 28-32, 2000.
59. Al-Mufti R, Hambley H, Farzaneh F and Nicolaides KH: Fetal and embryonic hemoglobins in erythroblasts of chromosomally normal and abnormal fetuses at 10-40 weeks of gestation. Haematologica 85: 690-693, 2000. Erratum in: Haematologica 85:869,2000.
60. Al-Mufti R, Hambley H, Albaiges G, Lees C and Nicolaides KH: Increased fetal erythroblasts in women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia. Hum Reprod 15: 1624-1628, 2000.
61. Di Naro E, Ghezzi F, Vitucci A, Tannoia N, Campanale D, D'Addario V, Holzgreve W and Hahn S: Prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia using fetal erythroblasts enriched from maternal blood by a novel gradient. Mol Hum Reprod 6: 571-574, 2000.
62. Sekizawa A, Samura O, Zhen DK, Falco V and Bianchi DW: Fetal cell recycling: diagnosis of gender and RhD genotype in the same fetal cell retrieved from maternal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 181: 1237-1242, 1999.
63. Cunningham J, Yates Z, Hamlington J, Mason G, Mueller R and Miller D: Non-invasive RNA-based determination of fetal Rhesus D type: a prospective study based on 96 pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 106: 1023-1028, 1999.
64. Sekizawa A, Farina A, Zhen DK, Wang JY, Falco VM, Elmes S and Bianchi DW: Improvement of fetal cell recovery from maternal blood: suitable density gradient for FACS separation. Fetal Diagn Ther 14: 229-233, 1999.
65. Wang Z and Liebhaber SA: A 3′-flanking NF-kappaB site mediates developmental silencing of the human zeta-globin gene. EMBO J 18: 2218-2228, 1999.
66. Furusawa T, Yanai N, Hara T, Miyajima A and Obinata M: Integrin-associated protein (IAP, also termed CD47) is involved in stroma-supported erythropoiesis. J Biochem 123: 101-106, 1998.
67. Pezzolo A, Santi F, Pistoia V and De Biasio P: Prenatal diagnosis of triploidy and trisomy 21 through fetal erythroblasts isolated from maternal blood. Minerva Med 88: 393-399, 1997.
68. Navenot JM, Muller JY and Blanchard D: Expression of blood group i antigen and fetal hemoglobin in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Transfusion 37: 291-297, 1997.
69. Savion S, Carp H, Shepshelovich J, Irlin J, Kostykov M, Fein A and Toder V: Use of antibodies against the human antigen of erythroblasts for the detection of nucleated erythrocytes in the maternal circulation. Biol Neonate 71: 126-130, 1997.
70. Kazama A, Mano H, Morishita Y and Mori S: High expression of the tec gene product in murine testicular germ cells and erythroblasts. Pathol Int 46: 341-347, 1996.
71. Ziegler BL, Lamping CP, Thoma SJ and Fliedner TM: Analysis of gene expression in small numbers of purified hemopoietic progenitor cells by RT-PCR. Stem Cells 13 (supl 1): 106-116, 1995.
72. Guetta E, Gutstein-Abo L and Barkai G: Trophoblasts isolated from the maternal circulation: in vitro expansion and potential application in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. J Histochem Cytochem 53: 337-339, 2005.
73. Mavrou A, Colialexi A, Tsangaris GT, Antsaklis A, Panagiotopoulou P, Tsenghi C and Metaxotoy C: Fetal cells in maternal blood: isolation by magnetic cell sorting and confirmation by immunophenotyping and FISH. In Vivo 12: 195-200, 1998.
74. Jansen MW, von Lindern M, Beug H, Brandenburg H, Wildschut HI, Wladimiroff JW and In't Veld PA: The use of in vitro expanded erythroid cells in a model system for the isolation of fetal cells from maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 19: 323-329, 1999.
75. Prieto B, Candenas M, Ladenson JH and Alvarez FV: Comparison of different CD71 monoclonal antibodies for enrichment of fetal cells from maternal blood. Clin Chem Lab Med 40: 126-131, 2002.
76. Gambari R, Borgatti M, Altomare L, Manaresi N, Medoro G, Romani A, Tartagni M and Guerrieri R: Applications to cancer research of 'lab-on-a-chip' devices based on dielectrophoresis (DEP). Technol Cancer Res Treat 2: 31-40, 2003.
77. Pohl HA and Crane JS: Dielectrophoretic force. J Theor Biol 37:1-13, 1972.
78. Crane JS and Pohl HA: Theoretical models of cellular dielectrophoresis. J Theor Biol 37, 15-41, 1972.
79. Voldman J, Braff RA, Toner M, Gray ML and Schmidt MA: Holding forces of single-particle dielectrophoretic traps. Biophys J 80: 531-541, 2001.
80. Gascoyne PR and Vykoukal J: Particle separation by dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 23: 1973-1983, 2002.
81. Fiedler S, Shirley SG, Schnelle T and Fuhr G: Dielectrophoretic sorting of particles and cells in a microsystem. Anal Chem 70: 1909-1915, 1998.
82. Morgan H, Hughes MP and Green NG: Separation of submicron bioparticles by dielectrophoresis. Biophys J 77: 516-525, 1999.
83. Altomare L, Borgatti M, Medoro G, Manaresi N, Tartagni M, Guerrieri R and Gambari R. Levitation and movement of human tumor cells using a printed circuit board device based on software-controlled dielectrophoresis. Biotechnol Bioeng 82: 474-479, 2003.
84. Medoro G, Manaresi N, Tartagni M and Guerrieri R: CMOS-only sensor and manipulation for micro-organisms. Proceedings IEDM 415-418, 2000.
85. Medoro G, Manaresi N, Leonardi A, Altomare L, Tartagni M and Guerrieri R: A 'Lab-on-a-chip' for cell detection and manipulation. Proceedings IEEE Sensors Conference, June, 2002.
86. Medoro G, Manaresi N, Tartagni M, Altomare L, Leonardi A and Guerrieri R: A 'Lab-on-a-chip' for cell separation based on the moving-cage approach. Eurosensors, September, 2002.
87. Manaresi N, Romani A, Medoro G, Altomare L, Leonardi A, Tartagni M and Guerrieri R: A CMOS Chip for individual cell manipulation and detection. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits 38: 2297-2304, 2003.
88. + stem cells by dielectrophoretic field-flow-fractionation. J Hematother Stem Cell Res 8: 481-490, 1999.
89. Yang J, Huang Y, Wang XB, Becker FF and Gascoyne PR: Differential analysis of human leukocytes by dielectrophoretic field-flow-fractionation. Biophys J 78: 2680-2689, 2000.
90. Wang XB, Yang J, Huang Y, Vykoukal J, Becker FF and Gascoyne PR: Cell separation by dielectrophoretic field-flow-fractionation. Anal Chem 72: 832-839, 2000.
91. Borgatti M, Manaresi N, Medoro G, Mancini I, Fabbri E, Guerrieri R and Gambari R: Dielectrophoresis based Lab-on-a-chip platforms for the identification and manipulation of rare cells and microspheres: implications for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Minerva Biotecnologica 19: 43-49, 2007.
92. Huang Y, Joo S, Duhon M, Heller M, Wallace B and Xu X: Dielectrophoretic cell separation and gene expression profiling on microelectronic chip arrays. Anal Chem 74: 3362-3371, 2002.
93. Cheng J, Sheldon EL, Wu L, Heller MJ and O'Connell JP: Isolation of cultured cervical carcinoma cells mixed with peripheral blood cells on a bioelectronic chip. Anal Chem 70: 2321-2326, 1998.
94. Xu C, Wang Y, Cao M and Lu Z: Dielectrophoresis of human red cells in microchips. Electrophoresis 20: 1829-1831, 1999.
95. Yu Z, Xiang G, Pan L, Huang L, Yu Z, Xing W and Cheng J: Negative dielectrophoretic force assisted construction of ordered neuronal networks on cell positioning bioelectronic chips. Biomed Microdevices 6: 311-324, 2004.
96. Borgatti M, Altomare L, Baruffa M, Fabbri E, Breveglieri G, Feriotto G, Manaresi N, Medoro G, Romani A, Tartagni M, Gambari R and Guerrieri R: Separation of white blood cells from erythrocytes on a dielectrophoresis (DEP) based 'Lab-on-a-chip' device. Int J Mol Med 15: 913-920, 2005.
97. Borgatti M, Altomare L, Abonnec M, Fabbri E, Manaresi N, Medoro G, Romani A, Tartagni M, Nastruzzi C, Di Croce S, Tosi A, Mancini I, Guerrieri R and Gambari R: Dielectrophoresis (DEP) based 'Lab-on-a-chip' devices for efficient and programmable binding of microspheres to target cells. Int J Oncol 27: 1559-1566, 2005.
98. Gambari R, Borgatti M, Fabbri E, Gavioli R, Fortini C, Nastruzzi C, Altomare L, Abonnenc M, Manaresi N, Medoro G, Romani A, Tartagni M and Guerrieri R: 'Lab-on-a-chip' devices for cellular arrays based on dielectrophoresis (DEP). In: Bioarrays, from Basics to Diagnostics. Appasani K (ed). Humana Press, New Jersey, pp 231-243, 2007.
99. Burgemeister R: New aspects of laser microdissection in research and routine. J Histochem Cytochem 53: 409-412, 2005.
100. Kuhn DE, Roy S, Radtke J, Gupta S and Sen CK: Laser microdissection and pressure-catapulting technique to study gene expression in the reoxygenated myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H2625-H2632, 2006.
101. Chaudhary KW, Barrezueta NX, Bauchmann MB, Milici AJ, Beckius G, Stedman DB, Hambor JE, Blake WL, McNeish JD, Bahinski A and Cezar GG: Embryonic stem cells in predictive cardiotoxicity: laser capture microscopy enables assay development. Toxicol Sci 90: 149-158, 2006.
102. Niyaz Y, Stich M, Sagmuller B, Burgemeister R, Friedemann G, Sauer U, Gangnus R and Schutze K: Noncontact laser microdissection and pressure catapulting: sample preparation for genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis. Methods Mol Med 114: 1-24, 2005.
103. Langer S, Geigl JB, Ehnle S, Gangnus R and Speicher MR: Live cell catapulting and recultivation does not change the karyotype of HCT116 tumor cells. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 161: 174-177, 2005.
104. Sitar G, Garagna S, Zuccotti M, Falcinelli C, Montanari L, Alfei A, Ippoliti G, Redi CA, Moratti R, Ascari E and Forabosco A: Fetal erythroblast isolation up to purity from cord blood and their culture in vitro. Cytometry 35: 337-345, 1999.
105. Zheng YL, Zhen DK, DeMaria MA, Berry SM, Wapner RJ, Evans MI, Copeland D, Williams JM and Bianchi DW: Search for the optimal fetal cell antibody: results of immunophenotyping studies using flow cytometry. Hum Genet 100: 35-42, 1997.
106. Irene Jauho E and Havsteen Jakobsen M: Rare cell isolation using antibodies covalently linked to slides: application to fetal cells in maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 23: 898-900, 2003.
107. Citigliano V, Voglino G and Adinolfi M: Non-invasive screening and rapid QF-PCR assay can greatly reduce the need for conventional cytogenetic analyses in prenatal diagnosis. Reprod Biomed Online 11: 671-673, 2005.
108. Ogilvie CM, Donaghue C, Fox SP, Docherty Z and Mann K: Rapid prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy using quantitative fluorescence-PCR (QF-PCR). J Histochem Cytochem 53: 285-288, 2005.
109. Donaghue C, Mann K, Docherty Z and Ogilvie CM: Detection of mosaicism for primary trisomies in prenatal samples by QF-PCR and karyotype analysis. Prenat Diagn 25: 65-72, 2005.
110. El Mouatassim S, Becker M, Kuzio S, Ronsin C, Gil S, Nouchy M, Druard L and Forestier F: Prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies using multiplex quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. Fetal Diagn Ther 19: 496-503, 2004.
111. Mann K, Donaghue C, Fox SP, Docherty Z and Ogilvie CM: Strategies for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of chromosome aneuploidy. Eur J Hum Genet 12: 907-915, 2004.
112. Lee MH, Ryu HM, Kim DJ, Lee BY, Cho EH, Yang JH, Kim MY, Han JY and Park SY: Rapid prenatal diagnosis of Down Syndrome using quantitative fluorescent PCR in uncultured amniocytes. J Korean Med Sci 19: 341-344, 2004.