A Hadamard transform electron ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Review of Scientific Instruments

Volumn 79, Issue 1, 2008, Pages

  Hudgens, Jeffrey W ^a   Bergeron, Denis E ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROSTATIC DEVICES; ION BEAMS; ION SOURCES; IONIZATION;

ELECTRON IONIZATION; HADAMARD TRANSFORM; NONSTOCHASTIC FLUCTUATIONS; TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETERS;

MASS SPECTROMETERS;

EID: 38849132809     PISSN: 00346748     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.2838174     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. A. Brock, N. Rodriguez, and R. N. Zare, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac9804036 70, 3735 (1998).
2. A. Brock, N. Rodriguez, and R. N. Zare, Rev. Sci. Instrum. RSINAK 0034-6748 10.1063/1.1150456 71, 1306 (2000).
3. F. M. Fernandez, J. M. Vadillo, F. Engelke, J. R. Kimmel, R. N. Zare, N. Rodriguez, M. Wetterhall, and K. Markides, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. JAMSEF 1044-0305 10.1016/S1044-0305(01)00322-1 12, 1302 (2001).
4. R. N. Zare, F. M. Fernandez, and J. R. Kimmel, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. ACIEF5 1433-7851 10.1002/anie.200390047 42, 30 (2003).
5. J. R. Kimmel, F. M. Fernandez, and R. N. Zare, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. JAMSEF 1044-0305 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00006-0 14, 278 (2003).
6. J. R. Kimmel, O. K. Yoon, I. A. Zuleta, O. Trapp, and R. N. Zare, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. JAMSEF 1044-0305 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.02.022 16, 1117 (2005).
7. F. M. Fernandez, J. M. Vadillo, J. R. Kimmel, M. Wetterhall, K. Markides, N. Rodriguez, and R. N. Zare, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac015673u 74, 1611 (2002).
8. O. K. Yoon, I. A. Zuleta, J. R. Kimmel, M. D. Robbins, and R. N. Zare, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. JAMSEF 1044-0305 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.07.025 16, 1888 (2005).
9. T. Kaneta, Y. Yamaguchi, and T. Imasaka, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac990625j 71, 5444 (1999).
10. T. Kaneta, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac010441g 73, 540A (2001).
11. T. Kaneta, K. Kosai, and T. Imasaka, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac011149b 74, 2257 (2002).
12. T. Kaneta, K. Kosai, and T. Imasaka, Anal. Sci. ANSCEN 0910-6340 10.2116/analsci.19.1659 19, 1659 (2003).
13. J. A. McReynolds and S. A. Shippy, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac035404z 76, 3214 (2004).
14. J. A. McReynolds, L. Y. Gao, J. Barber-Singh, and S. A. Shippy, J. Sep. Sci. JSSCCJ 1615-9306 10.1002/jssc.200401923 28, 128 (2005).
15. K. Hata, T. Kaneta, and T. Imasaka, Anal. Chim. Acta ACACAM 0003-2670 10.1016/j.aca.2005.06.068 556, 178 (2006).
16. K. L. Braun, S. Hapuarachchi, F. M. Fernandez, and C. A. Aspinwall, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac051710w 78, 1628 (2006).
17. K. L. Braun, S. Hapuarachchi, F. M. Fernandez, and C. A. Aspinwall, Electrophoresis ELCTDN 0173-0835 10.1002/elps.200700087 28, 3115 (2007).
18. R. Guchardi and M. A. Schwarz, Electrophoresis ELCTDN 0173-0835 10.1002/elps.200410383 26, 3151 (2005).
19. B. H. Clowers, W. F. Siems, H. H. Hill, and S. M. Massick, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac050615k 78, 44 (2006).
20. A. W. Szumlas, S. J. Ray, and G. M. Hieftje, Anal. Chem. ANCHAM 0003-2700 10.1021/ac051743b 78, 4474 (2006).
21. M. D. Harwit and N. J. Sloane, Hadamard Transform Optics (Academic, London, 1979).
22. The older term, electron impact ionization, has been superseded by the term, electron ionization, which more accurately describes physics leading to ion formation. See P. Price, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. JAMSEF 1044-0305 10.1016/1044-0305(91)80025-3 2, 336 (1991); O. D. Sparkman, Mass Spectrometry Desk Reference, 2nd ed. (Global View, Pittsburgh, 2006).
23. J. R. Kimmel, F. Engelke, and R. N. Zare, Rev. Sci. Instrum. RSINAK 0034-6748 10.1063/1.1416109 72, 4354 (2001).
24. See EPAPS Document No. E-RSINAK-79-019802 for Fig., the circuit diagram for the floating, high-speed amplifier used in the present HT-TOFMS, and Table I, a list of 537 circulant simplex matrixes, Sn, of order n=3-8219. This document can be reached through a direct link in the online article's HTML reference section or via the EPAPS homepage (http://www.aip.org/pubservs/epaps. html).
25. Q. S. Hanley, Appl. Spectrosc. APSPA4 0003-7028 10.1366/0003702011951722 55, 318 (2001).
26. Q. S. Hanley, Appl. Spectrosc. APSPA4 0003-7028 10.1366/ 000370203769699225 57, 1305 (2003).
27. W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, Rev. Sci. Instrum. RSINAK 0034-6748 10.1063/1.1715212 26, 1150 (1955).
28. B. A. Mamyrin, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. IMSPF8 1387-3806 10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00392-4 206, 251 (2001).
29. B. A. Mamyrin, V. I. Karataev, D. V. Shmikk, and V. A. Zagulin, Sov. Phys. JETP SPHJAR 0038-5646 37, 45 (1973).
30. This configuration is considered unconventional due to the grid placement. In this tetrode arrangement, the collector grid (aka space-charge grid) reduces space-charge and increases transconductance. In conventional tetrode tubes the collector grid is not present and a screen grid, residing between the control grid and anode, is biased to eliminate the possibility of self-excited oscillation. See E. D. McArthur, Electronics and Electron Tubes (Wiley, London, 1936).
31. J. W. Gewartowski and H. A. Watson, Principles of Electron Tubes (D. Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1965).
32. J. F. Rider, Inside the Vacuum Tube (John F. Rider, New York, 1945).
33. E. V. Moskovets, Appl. Phys. B: Photophys. Laser Chem. APPCDL 0721-7269 10.1007/BF00325526 54, 556 (1992).
34. J. R. Stairs, K. M. Davis, and A. W. Castleman, Jr., J. Chem. Phys. JCPSA6 0021-9606 10.1063/1.1496475 117, 4371 (2002).
35. I. Heng and C. H. Cooke, Appl. Math. Lett. AMLEEL 0893-9659 10.1016/S0893-9659(98)00059-7 11, 77 (1998).
36. N. J. A. Sloane, M. Harwit, and M. H. Tai, Appl. Opt. APOPAI 0003-6935 17, 2991 (1978).
37. J. D. Tate, J. V. Paukstelis, R. M. Hammaker, and W. G. Fateley, J. Mol. Struct. JMOSB4 0022-2860 10.1016/0022-2860(93)87033-6 300, 385 (1993).
38. M. H. Tai, M. Harwit, and N. J. A. Sloane, Appl. Opt. APOPAI 0003-6935 14, 2678 (1975).
39. M. H. Tai, D. A. Briotta, N. S. Kamath, and M. Harwit, Appl. Opt. APOPAI 0003-6935 14, 2533 (1975).
40. S. E. Stein, in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, edited by, P. J. Linstrom, and, W. G. Mallard, (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, 2005).