Filters reduce the risk of bacterial transmission from contaminated heated humidifiers used with CPAP for obstructive sleep apnea

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

Volumn 3, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 700-705

  Ortolano, Girolamo A ^a   Schaffer, Jeffrey ^a   McAlister, Morven B ^a   Stanchfield, Ilia ^a   Hill, Elizabeth ^a   Vandenburgh, Liliana ^a   Lewis, Michelle ^a   John, Shirnett ^a   Canonica, Francis P ^a   Cervia, Joseph S ^a  

^a PALL CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Breathing filter; CPAP; Heated humidifier; Obstructive sleep apnea; Respiratory infection

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; COLONY FORMING UNIT; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMIDIFIER; INFECTION RISK; NONHUMAN; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SERRATIA MARCESCENS; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; WATER CONTAMINATION;

EID: 38849122865     PISSN: 15509389     EISSN: 15509397     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.27026     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Aloia MS, Arnedt JT, Riggs RL, Hecht J, Borrelli B. Clinical management of poor adherence to CPAP: motivational enhancement. Behav Sleep Med 2004;2:205-22
2. McNicholas WT, Ryan S. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: translating science to clinical practice. Respirology 2006;11:136-44.
3. Sullivan CE, Issa FG, Berthon-Jones M, Eves L. Reversal of obstructive sleep apnoea by continuous positive airway pressure applied through the nares. Lancet 1981;1:862-5.
4. Marshall NS, Barnes M, Travier N, et al. Continuous positive airway pressure reduces daytime sleepiness in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis. Thorax 2006;61:430-4.
5. Giles TL, Lasserson TJ, Smith BH, White J, Wright J, Cates CJ. Continuous positive airways pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;3:CD001106.
6. Martins De Araujo MT, Vieira SB, Vasquez EC, Fleury B. Heated humidification or face mask to prevent upper airway dryness during continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Chest 2000;117:142-7.
7. Massie CA, Hart RW, Peralez K, Richards GN. Effects of humidification on nasal symptoms and compliance in sleep apnea patients using continuous positive airway pressure. Chest 1999;116:403-8.
8. Mador MJ, Krauza M, Pervez A, Pierce D, Braun M. Effect of heated humidification on compliance and quality of life in patients with sleep apnea using nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Chest 2005;128:2151-8.
9. Wiest GH, Lehnert G, Bruck WM, Meyer M, Hahn EG, Ficker JH. A heated humidifier reduces upper airway dryness during continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Respir Med 1999;93:21-6.
10. Gay P, Weaver T, Loube D, Iber C; Positive Airway Pressure Task Force; Standards of Practice Committee; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Evaluation of positive airway pressure treatment for sleep related breathing disorders in adults. Sleep 2006;29:381-401.
11. Duncan HE, Edberg SC. Host-microbe interaction in the gastrointestinal tract. Crit Rev Microbiol 1995;21:85-100.
12. Hunter JD. Ventilator associated pneumonia. Postgrad Med J. 2006;82:172-8.
13. Kollef MH. Prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1396-405.
14. Ricard JD, Boyer A, Dreyfuss D. The effect of humidification on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respir Care Clin N Am. 2006;12:263-73.
15. Safdar N, Dezfulian C, Collard HR, Saint S. Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2184-93.
16. Gay P, Weaver T, Loube D, Iber C; Positive Airway Pressure Task Force; Standards of Practice Committee; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Evaluation of positive airway pressure treatment for sleep related breathing disorders in adults. Sleep 2006;29:381-401.
17. Benhamou D, Cuvelier A, Muir JF. [Prevention of infections transmitted by CPAP and noninvasive ventilation] Rev Pneumol Clin 2001;57:73-8.
18. Sanner BM, Fluerenbrock N, Kleiber-Imbeck A, Mueller JB, Zidek W. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on infectious complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Respiration 2001;68:483-7.
19. Ortolano GA, McAlister MB, Angelbeck JA, Schaffer J, Russell RL, Maynard E, Wenz B. Related Hospital water point-of-use filtration: a complementary strategy to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection. Am J Infect Control 2005;33(5 Suppl 1):S1-19.
20. Duberstein R, Howard G. Sterile filtration of gases: a bacterial aerosol challenge test. J Parenter Drug Assoc 1978;32:192-8.
21. Wilkes AR. Assessing breathing-system filters. Med Device Technol. 2004;15:12-4.
22. Branson RD. Humidification of respired gases during mechanical ventilation: mechanical considerations. Respir Care Clin N Am 2006;12:253-61.
23. Wenzel M, Klauke M, Gessenhardt F, et al. Sterile water is unnecessary in a continuous positive airway pressure convection-type humidifier in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2005;128:2138-40.
24. Turnbull D, Fisher PC, Mills GH, Morgan-Hughes NJ. Performance of breathing filters under wet conditions: a laboratory evaluation. Br J Anaesth 2005;94:675-82.