Epidural stimulation: Comparison of the spinal circuits that generate and control locomotion in rats, cats and humans

Experimental Neurology

Volumn 209, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 417-425

  Gerasimenko, Yury ^a,c   Roy, Roland R ^a   Edgerton, V Reggie ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c PAVLOV INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Cat; Central pattern generation; Epidural stimulation; Human; Locomotion; Rat; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

EPIDURAL ELECTROSTIMULATION; EPIDURAL SPACE; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; LUMBOSACRAL SPINE; NERVE CELL; NERVE FIBER; NERVE REGENERATION; NERVE STIMULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPRIOCEPTION; RAT; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINAL NERVE; WEIGHT BEARING;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CATS; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; EPIDURAL SPACE; HUMANS; LOCOMOTION; NERVE NET; RATS; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURIES;

EID: 38649111042     PISSN: 00144886     EISSN: 10902430     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.07.015     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Barthélemy D., Leblond H., and Rossignol S. Characteristics and mechanisms of locomotion induced by intraspinal microstimulation and dorsal root stimulation in spinal cats. J. Neurophysiol. 97 (2007) 1986-2000
2. Barbeau H., and Rossignol S. Initiation and modulation of the locomotor pattern in the adult chronic spinal cat by noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic drugs. Brain Res. 546 (1991) 250-260
3. Courtine G., Harkema S.J., Dy C.J., Gerasimenko Y.P., and Dyhre-Poulsen P. Modulation of multisegmental monosynaptic responses (MMR) in a variety of leg muscles during walking and running in humans. J. Physiol. 582 (2007) 1125-1139
4. de Leon R.D., Hodgson J.A., Roy R.R., and Edgerton V.R. Full weight-bearing hindlimb standing following stand training in the adult spinal cat. J. Neurophysiol. 80 (1998) 83-91
5. Dimitrijevic M., Gerasimenko Yu., and Pinter M. Evidence for a spinal central pattern generator in humans. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 860 (1998) 360-376
6. Dimitrijevic, M.R., Gerasimenko, Y., Pinter, M. M., 1998b. Effect of reduced afferent input on lumbar CPG in spinal injury subjects. Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 24, Program No. 654.23.
7. Edgerton V.R., de Leon R.D., Tillakaratne N., Recktenwald M.R., Hodgson J.A., and Roy R.R. Use-dependent plasticity in spinal stepping and standing. Adv. Neurol. 72 (1997) 233-247
8. Edgerton V.R., Leon R.D., Harkema S.J., Hodgson J.A., London N., Reinkensmeyer D.J., Roy R.R., Talmadge R.J., Tillakaratne N.J., Timoszyk W., and Tobin A. Retraining the injured spinal cord. J. Physiol. 15 (2001) 15-22
9. Edgerton V.R., Tillakaratne N.J., Bigbee A.J., de Leon R.D., and Roy R.R. Plasticity of the spinal neural circuitry after injury. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27 (2004) 145-167
10. Gerasimenko Y. Generators of stepping movements in humans: spinal mechanisms of their activation. Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 36 (2002) 14-24 (in Russian)
11. Gerasimenko Y., Daniel O., Regnaux J., Combeaud M., and Bussel B. Mechanisms of locomotor activity generation under epidural spinal cord stimulation. In: Dengler R., and Kossev A. (Eds). Sensorimotor Control (2001), IOS Press, Washington, DC 64-171
12. Gerasimenko Y., Makarovskii A., and Nikitin O. Control of locomotor activity in humans and animals in the absence of supraspinal influences. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 32 (2002) 417-423
13. Gerasimenko Y.P., Avelev V.D., Nikitin O.A., and Lavrov I.A. Initiation of locomotor activity in spinal cats by epidural stimulation of the spinal cord. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 33 (2003) 247-254
14. Gerasimenko Y.P., Lavrov I.A., Courtine G., Ichiyama R.M., Dy C.J., Zhong H., Roy R.R., and Edgerton V.R. Spinal cord reflexes induced by epidural spinal cord stimulation in normal awake rats. J. Neurosci. Methods 57 (2006) 253-263
15. Gerasimenko Y.P., Lavrov I.A., Ichiyama R.M., Zhong H., Roy R.R., and Edgerton V.R. Epidural electrical spinal cord stimulation combined with quipazine administration and step training is an effective tool for regulation of spinal locomotion. Soc. Neurosci. 447.5 (2006)
16. Grillner S., and Zangger P. On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat. Exp. Brain Res. 34 (1979) 241-261
17. Guevremont L., Renzi C.G., Norton J.A., Kowalczewski J., Saigal R., and Mushahwar V.K. Locomotor-related networks in the lumbosacral enlargement of the adult spinal cat: activation through intraspinal microstimulation. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 14 (2006) 266-272
18. Gurfinkel V.S., Levik Y.S., Kazennikov O.V., and Selionov V.A. Locomotor-like movements evoked by leg muscle vibration in humans. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10 (1998) 1608-1612
19. Harkema S.J., Hurley S.L., Patel U.K., Requejo P., Dobkin B.H., and Edgerton V.R. Human lumbosacral spinal cord interprets loading during stepping. J. Neurophysiol. 77 (1997) 797-811
20. Ichiyama R.M., Gerasimenko Y.P., Zhong H., Roy R.R., and Edgerton V.R. Hindlimb stepping movements in complete spinal rats induced by epidural spinal cord stimulation. Neurosci. Lett. 383 (2005) 339-344
21. Iwahara T., Atsuta Y., Garsia-Rill E., and Skinner R. Spinal cord stimulation-induced locomotion in the adult cat. Brain Res. Bull. 28 (1991) 99-105
22. Langlet C., Leblond H., and Rossignol S. The mid-lumbar segments are needed for the expression of locomotion in chronic spinal cats. J. Neurophysiol. 93 (2005) 2474-2488
23. Lavrov I., Gerasimenko Y.P., Ichiyama R.M., Courtine G., Zhong H., Roy R.R., and Edgerton V.R. Plasticity of spinal cord reflexes after a complete transection in adult rats: Relationship to stepping ability. J. Neurophysiol. 96 (2006) 1699-1710
24. Marcoux J., and Rossignol S. Initiating or blocking locomotion in spinal cats by applying noradrenergic drugs to restricted lumbar spinal segments. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000) 8577-8585
25. Minassian K., Jilge B., Rattay F., Pinter M.M., Binder H., Gerstenbrand F., and Dimitrijevic M.R. Stepping-like movements in humans with complete spinal cord injury induced by epidural stimulation of the lumbar cord: electromyographic study of compound muscle action potentials. Spinal Cord 42 (2004) 401-416
26. Minassian K., Persy, Rattay, Pinter M.M., Kern H., and Dimitrijevic M.R. Human lumbar cord circuitries can be activated by extrinsic tonic input to generate locomotor-like activity. Hum. Mov. Sci. 26 (2007) 275-295
27. Musienko P.E., Bogacheva I.N., and Gerasimenko Y.P. Significance of peripheral feedback in the generation of stepping movements during epidural stimulation of the spinal cord. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol. 37 (2007) 181-190
28. Rossignol S., Dubuc R., and Gossard J.P. Dynamic sensorimotor interactions in locomotion. Physiol. Rev. 86 (2006) 89-154
29. Shapkova E.Y. Spinal locomotor capability revealed by electrical stimulation of the lumbar enlargement in paraplegic patients. In: Latash M., and Levin M. (Eds). Progress in Motor Control (2004), Human Kinetics Publishers 253-289
30. Shik M. Recognizing propriospinal and reticulospinal systems of initiation of stepping. Motor Control 1 (1997) 310-313
31. Shik M.L., Severin F.V., and Orlovskii G.N. Control of walking and running by means of electric stimulation of the midbrain. Biofizika 11 (1966) 659-666
32. Tillakaratne N.J., de Leon R.D., Hoang T.X., Roy R.R., Edgerton V.R., and Tobin A.J. Use-dependent modulation of inhibitory capacity in the feline lumbar spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 22 (2002) 3130-3143