Reviewing myocardial silent ischemia: Specific patient subgroups

International Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 124, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 139-148

  Xanthos, Theodoros ^a   Ekmektzoglou, Konstantinos A ^a   Papadimitriou, Lila ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

Author keywords

Coronary artery disease; Patient subgroups; Silent myocardial ischemia

Indexed keywords

ATROPINE; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DOBUTAMINE;

AGING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY; BYPASS SURGERY; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; EXERCISE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART RATE; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEINURIA; RETINOPATHY; REVASCULARIZATION; REVIEW; SILENT MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; SMOKING; ST SEGMENT; ST SEGMENT DEPRESSION; STENT; VASODILATATION;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANGIOPLASTY, TRANSLUMINAL, PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY; COMORBIDITY; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SEX DISTRIBUTION; STENTS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 38649108471     PISSN: 01675273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.04.029     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Cohn P.F. Silent myocardial ischemia: dimensions of the problem in patients with and without angina. Am J Med 80 (1986) 3-8
2. Koistinen M.J. Prevalence of asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia in diabetic subjects. BMJ 301 (1990) 92-95
3. Prevalence of unrecognized silent myocardial ischemia and its association with atherosclerotic risk factors in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Milan Study on Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (MiSAD) Group. Am J Cardiol 79 (1997) 134-139
4. Jousilahti P., Vartiainen E., Tuomilehto J., and Puska P. Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14 786 middle-aged men and women in Finland. Circulation 99 (1999) 1165-1172
5. Hayes S.N., and Taler S.J. Hypertension in women: current understanding of gender differences. Mayo Clin Proc 73 (1998) 157-165
6. Stone P.H., Chaitman B.R., Forman S., et al. Prognostic significance of myocardial ischemia detected by ambulatory electrocardiography, exercise treadmill testing, and electrocardiogram at rest to predict cardiac events by one year (the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot [ACIP] study). Am J Cardiol 80 (1997) 1395-1401
7. Mulcahy D., Husain S., Zalos G., et al. Ischemia during ambulatory monitoring as a prognostic indicator in patients with stable coronary artery disease. JAMA 277 (1997) 318-324
8. Gibbons R.J., Balady G.J., Beasley J.W., et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). Circulation 96 (1997) 345-354
9. Stone P.H. ST-segment analysis in ambulatory ECG (AECG or Holter) monitoring in patients with coronary artery disease: clinical significance and analytic techniques. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 10 (2005) 263-278
10. Armstrong F.W., and Feigenbaum H. Echocardiography. In: Braunwald, Zipes, and Libby (Eds). Heart disease (2001), W Saunders, Philadelphia 160-236
11. Jacoby R.M., and Nesto R.W. Acute myocardial infarction in the diabetic patient: pathophysiology, clinical course and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 20 (1992) 736-744
12. Cosson E., Guimfack M., Paries J., Paycha F., Attali J.R., and Valensi P. Are silent coronary stenoses predictable in diabetic patients and predictive of cardiovascular events?. Diabetes Metab 29 (2003) 470-476
13. Sultan A., Piot C., Mariano-Goulart D., Rasamisoa M., Renard E., and Avignon A. Risk factors for silent myocardial ischemia in high-risk type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 27 (2004) 1745-1747
14. Araz M., Celen Z., Akdemir I., and Okan V. Frequency of silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetic patients and the relation with poor glycemic control. Acta Diabetol 41 (2004) 38-43
15. Inoguchi T., Yamashita T., Umeda F., et al. High incidence of silent myocardial ischemia in elderly patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 47 (2000) 37-44
16. Janand-Delenne B., Savin B., Habib G., Bory M., Vague P., and Lassmann-Vague V. Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes: who to screen. Diabetes Care 22 (1999) 1396-1400
17. Nesto R.W., Watson F.S., Kowalchuk G.J., et al. Silent myocardial ischemia and infarction in diabetics with peripheral vascular disease: assessment by dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy. Am Heart J 120 (1990) 1073-1077
18. Falcone C., Nespoli L., Geroldi D., et al. Silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 90 (2003) 219-227
19. American Diabetes Association: consensus development conference on the diagnosis of coronary heart disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 21 (1998) 1551-1559
20. May O., Arildsen H., Damsgaard E.M., and Mickley H. Prevalence and prediction of silent ischaemia in diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Cardiovasc Res 34 (1997) 241-247
21. Rutter M.K., McComb J.M., Brady S., and Marshall S.M. Silent myocardial ischemia and microalbuminuria in asymptomatic subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 83 (1999) 27-31
22. DeLuca A.J., Saulle L.N., Aronow W.S., Ravipati G., and Weiss M.B. Prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia in persons with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance and association of hemoglobin A1c with prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol 95 (2005) 1472-1474
23. Gokcel A., Aydin M., Yalcin F., et al. Silent coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 40 (2003) 176-180
24. Gazzaruso C., Giordanetti S., De Amici E., et al. Relationship between erectile dysfunction and silent myocardial ischemia in apparently uncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients. Circulation 110 (2004) 22-26
25. Bacci S., Villella M., Villella A., Rauseo A., Langialonga T., and Trischitta V. Usefulness of pulse pressure for the detection of extent and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients with silent myocardial ischaemia at exercise stress test. Diabetologia 48 (2005) 1238-1239
26. Valensi P., Sachs R.N., Harfouche B., et al. Predictive value of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients with or without silent myocardial ischemia. Diabetes Care 24 (2001) 339-343
27. Torremocha F., Hadjadj S., Carrie F., Rosenberg T., Herpin D., and Marechaud R. Prediction of major coronary events by coronary risk profile and silent myocardial ischaemia: prospective follow-up study of primary prevention in 72 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab 27 (2001) 49-57
28. Chico A., Tomas A., and Novials A. Silent myocardial ischemia is associated with autonomic neuropathy and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetic subjects, especially in those with microalbuminuria. Endocrine 27 (2005) 213-217
29. Cosson E., Attali J.R., and Valensi P. Markers for silent myocardial ischemia in diabetes. Are they helpful?. Diabetes Metab 31 (2005) 205-213
30. Valensi P., Paries J., Brulport-Cerisier V., et al. Predictive value of silent myocardial ischemia for cardiac events in diabetic patients: influence of age in a French multicenter study. Diabetes Care 28 (2005) 2722-2727
31. Tarkun I., Cetinarslan B., Canturk Z., Tarkun P., Agacdiken A., and Komsuoglu B. Homocysteine concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients with silent myocardial ischemia: a predictive marker. J Diabetes Complications 18 (2004) 165-168
32. Eagle K.A., Berger P.B., Calkins H., et al. ACC/AHA Guideline Update for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery-Executive Summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Anesth Analg 94 (2002) 1052-1064
33. Valensi P. Silent coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. New guidelines. Rev Med Liege 60 (2005) 531-535
34. Davis T.M., Fortun P., Mulder J., Davis W.A., and Bruce D.G. Silent myocardial infarction and its prognosis in a community-based cohort of Type 2 diabetic patients: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 47 (2004) 395-399
35. Nakamura S., Uzu T., Inenaga T., and Kimura G. Prediction of coronary artery disease and cardiac events using electrocardiographic changes during hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 36 (2000) 592-599
36. Narula A.S., Jha V., Bali H.K., Sakhuja V., and Sapru R.P. Cardiac arrhythmias and silent myocardial ischemia during hemodialysis. Ren Fail 22 (2000) 355-368
37. Mohi-ud-din K., Bali H.K., Banerjee S., Sakhuja V., and Jha V. Silent myocardial ischemia and high-grade ventricular arrhythmias in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Ren Fail 27 (2005) 171-175
38. Aronow W.S., Ahn C., Mercando A.D., and Epstein S. Prevalence of coronary artery disease, complex ventricular arrhythmias, and silent myocardial ischemia and incidence of new coronary events in older persons with chronic renal insufficiency and with normal renal function. Am J Cardiol 86 (2000) 1142-1143
39. Conlon P.J., Kovalik E., Schumm D., Minda S., and Schwab S.J. Normalization of hematocrit in hemodialysis patients does not affect silent ischemia. Ren Fail 22 (2000) 205-211
40. Nalbantgil I., Onder R., Nalbantgil S., Yilmaz H., and Boydak B. The prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with white-coat hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 12 (1998) 337-341
41. Lubaszewski W., Kawecka-Jaszcz K., Czarnecka D., Rajzer M., and Stochmal A. Silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with essential arterial hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Hum Hypertens 13 (1999) 309-313
42. Stramba-Badiale M., Bonazzi O., Casadei G., Dal Palu C., Magnani B., and Zanchetti A. Prevalence of episodes of ST-segment depression among mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients in northern Italy: the Cardioscreening Study. J Hypertens 16 (1998) 681-688
43. Boon D., Piek J.J., and van Montfrans G.A. Silent ischaemia and hypertension. J Hypertens 18 (2000) 1355-1364
44. Terpstra W.F., May J.F., Smit A.J., et al. Silent ST depression and cardiovascular end-organ damage in newly found, older hypertensives. Hypertension 37 (2001) 1083-1088
45. Uen S., Un I., Fimmers R., Vetter H., and Mengden T. Myocardial ischemia during everyday life in patients with arterial hypertension: prevalence, risk factors, triggering mechanism and circadian variability. Blood Press Monit 11 (2006) 173-182
46. Un S., Baulmann J., Weisser B., Dusing R., Vetter H., and Mengden T. Circadian rhythm of silent myocardial ischemia. Why morning is so risky for hypertensive patients. MMW Fortschr Med 145 (2003) 34-38
47. Asmar R., Benetos A., Pannier B., et al. Prevalence and circadian variations of ST-segment depression and its concomitant blood pressure changes in asymptomatic systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 77 (1996) 384-390
48. Bourassa M.G., Knatterud G.L., Pepine C.J., et al. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) Study. Improvement of cardiac ischemia at 1 year after PTCA and CABG. Circulation 92 9 Suppl (1995) II1-II7
49. Bourassa M.G., Pepine C.J., Forman S.A., et al. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study: effects of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery on recurrent angina and ischemia. The ACIP investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 26 (1995) 606-614
50. Kathiresan S., Jordan M.K., Gimelli G., Lopez-Cuellar J., Madhi N., and Jang I.K. Frequency of silent myocardial ischemia following coronary stenting. Am J Cardiol 84 (1999) 930-932
51. Zellweger M.J., Weinbacher M., Zutter A.W., et al. Long-term outcome of patients with silent versus symptomatic ischemia six months after percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 42 (2003) 33-40
52. Sawada S.G., Lewis S.J., Foltz J., et al. Usefulness of rest and low-dose dobutamine wall motion scores in predicting survival and benefit from revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 89 (2002) 811-816
53. Smith SC Jr, Dove JT, Jacobs AK, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (Committee to revise the 1993 guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty); Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. ACC/AHA guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention (revision of the 1993 PTCA guidelines)-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (Committee to revise the 1993 guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) endorsed by the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. Circulation 2001;103:3019-3041.
54. Bergmann S.R., and Giedd K.N. Silent ischemia: unsafe at any time. J Am Coll Cardiol 42 (2003) 41-44
55. Deedwania P.C. Silent myocardial ischaemia in the elderly. Drugs Aging 16 (2000) 381-389
56. Aronow WS. Silent M.I. Prevalence and prognosis in older patients diagnosed by routine electrocardiograms. Geriatrics 2003;58:24-26, 36-38, 40.
57. Sajadieh A., Nielsen O.W., Rasmussen V., Hein H.O., and Hansen J.F. Prevalence and prognostic significance of daily-life silent myocardial ischaemia in middle-aged and elderly subjects with no apparent heart disease. Eur Heart J 26 (2005) 1402-1409
58. Katzel L.I., Sorkin J.D., and Goldberg A.P. Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia and future cardiac events in healthy, sedentary, middle-aged and older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 47 (1999) 923-929
59. Lerner D.J., and Kannel W.B. Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population. Am Heart J 111 (1986) 383-390
60. Bairey Merz C.N., Olson M.B., Johnson B.D., et al. Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. Cholesterol-lowering medication, cholesterol level, and reproductive hormones in women: the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Am J Med 113 (2002) 723-727
61. Buchthal S.D., den Hollander J.A., Merz C.N., et al. Abnormal myocardial phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms. N Engl J Med 342 (2000) 829-835
62. Descamps O.S., de Meester A., Cheron P., Kastelein J.J., and Heller F.R. Silent ischaemia in familial hypercholesterolemia. Atheroscler Suppl 4 (2003) 7-8
63. Bruce R., DeRouen T., and Hossack K. Value of maximal exercise tests in risk assessment of primary coronary heart disease events in healthy men. Five years' experience of the Seattle heart watch study. Am J Cardiol 46 (1980) 371-378
64. Allen W., Aronow W., Goodman P., and Stinson P. Five-year follow-up of maximal treadmill stress test in asymptomatic men and women. Circulation 62 (1980) 522-527
65. Froelicher V., Thomas M.M., Pillow C., and Lancaster M. Epidemiologic study of asymptomatic men screened by maximal treadmill testing for latent coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 34 (1974) 770-776
66. Okin P., Grandits G., Rautaharju P., et al. Prognostic value of heart rate adjustment of exercise-induced ST segment depression in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 (1996) 1437-1443
67. Laukkanen J., Kurl S., Lakka T., et al. Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia and coronary morbidity and mortality in middle-aged men. J Am Coll Cardiol 38 (2001) 72-79
68. Mulcahy D.A. The return of silent ischaemia? Not really. Heart 91 (2005) 1249-1250
69. Conti C.R. Silent cardiac ischemia. Curr Opin Cardiol 17 (2002) 537-542
70. Cohn P.F. Medical treatment of silent myocardial ischemia. Heart Dis 1 (1999) 272-278
71. Solomon H., and DeBusk R.F. Usefulness of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring for myocardial ischemia after coronary bypass. Am J Cardiol 93 (2004) 270-271