Cytokine expression in the brains of Toxocara canis-infected mice

Parasite Immunology

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 181-185

  Hamilton, C M ^a,c   Brandes, S ^b   Holland, C V ^a   Pinelli, E ^b  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

^c DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Brain; Cytokines; Mouse; Toxocara canis

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 5;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; TOXOCARA CANIS; TOXOCARIASIS;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; CYTOKINES; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE TYPE II; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TIME FACTORS; TOXOCARA CANIS; TOXOCARIASIS;

MURINAE; MUS; TOXOCARA CANIS;

EID: 38649105139     PISSN: 01419838     EISSN: 13653024     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.01002.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Sprent JFA. On the invasion of the central nervous system by nematodes II. Invasion of the nervous system in Ascariasis. Parasitology 1955 45 : 41 58.
2. Dunsmore JD, Thompson RCA Bates IA. The accumulation of Toxocara canis larvae in the brains of mice. Int J Parasitol 1983 13 : 517 521.
3. Hamilton CM, Stafford P, Pinelli E Holland CV. A murine model for cerebral toxocariasis: characterisation of host susceptibility and behaviour. Parasitol 2006 132 : 791 801.
4. Burright RG, Donovick PJ, Dolinsky Z, Hurd Y Cypess R. Behavioural changes in mice infected with Toxocara canis. J Toxicol Environ Health 1982 10 : 621 626.
5. Cox DM Holland CV. Influence of mouse strain, infective dose and larval burden in the brain on activity in Toxocara-infected mice. J Helminthol 2001 75 : 23 32.
6. Cox DM Holland CV. Relationship between three intensity levels of Toxocara canis larvae in the brain and effects on exploration, anxiety, learning and memory in the murine host. J Helminthol 2001 75 : 33 41.
7. Cuéllar C, Fenoy S, del Águila C Guillén JL. Isotype specific immune responses in murine experimental toxocariasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001 96 : 549 553.
8. Pinelli E, Brandes S, Dormans J, Fonville M, Hamilton CM van der Giessen J. Toxocara canis: effect of inoculum size on pulmonary pathology and cytokine expression in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2007 115 : 76 82.
9. Owens T, Renno T, Taupin V Krakowski M. Inflammatory cytokines in the brain: does the CNS shape the immune response? Immunol Today 1994 15 : 566 571.
10. Gazzinelli RT, Eltoum I, Wynn TA Sher A. Acute cerebral toxoplasmosis is induced by in vivo neutralisation of TNF-α and correlates with the down-regulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and other markers of macrophage activation. J Immunol 1993 151 : 3672 3681.
11. Restrepo BI, Llaguno P, Sandoval MA, Enciso JA Teale JM. Analysis of immune lesions in neurocysticercosis patients: central nervous system response to helminth appears Th1-like instead of Th2. J Neuroimmunol 1998 89 : 64 72.
12. Brown H, Turner G, Rogerson S, et al. Cytokine expression in the brain in human cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 1999 180 : 1742 1746.
13. Glickman LT, Cypess RH, Crumrine PK Gitlin DA. Toxocara infection and epilepsy in children. J Pediatr 1979 94 : 75 78.
14. Kaplan M, Kalkan A, Hosoglu S, et al. The frequency of Toxocara infection in mental retarded children. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004 99 : 121 125.
15. Fabry Z, Raine CS Hart MN. Nervous tissue as an immune compartment: the dialect of the immune response in the CNS. Immunol Today 1994 15 : 218 224.
16. Hertz CJ, Filutowicz H Mansfield J. Resistance to the African trypanosomes is IFN-γ dependent. J Immunol 1998 161 : 6775 6783.
17. Hunt NH Grau GE. Cytokines: accelerators and brakes in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Trends Immunol 2003 24 : 491 499.
18. Bandeira-Melo C Weller PF. Mechanisms of eosinophil cytokine release. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005 100 : 73 81.
19. Moreira-Silva SF, Rodrigues MG, Pimenta JL, et al. Toxocariasis of the central nervous system: with report of two cases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2004 37 : 169 174.
20. Bächli H, Minet JC Gratzl O. Cerebral toxocariasis: a possible cause of epileptic seizure in children. Childs Nerv Syst 2004 20 : 468 472.
21. Boje KMK. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption during experimental meningitis. Brain Res 1996 720 : 75 83.
22. Gargili A, Demirci C, Kandil A, Cetinkaya H, Atukeren P Gümüta MK. In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide and evaluation of the brain tissue damage induced by Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice. Chin J Physiol 2004 47 : 189 196.
23. Cardona AE Teale JM. γ/δ T-cell deficient mice exhibit reduced disease severity and decreased inflammatory response in the brain in murine neurocysticercosis. J Immunol 2002 169 : 3163 3171.
24. Wilson EH, Wille-Reece U, Dzierszinski F Hunter CA. A critical role for IL-10 in limiting inflammation during toxoplasmic encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 2005 165 : 63 74.
25. Hansen DS, Bernard NJ, Nie CQ Schofield L. NK cells stimulate recruitment of CXCR3+ T cells to the brain during Plasmodium berghei-mediated cerebral malaria. J Immunol 2007 178 : 5779 5788.
26. Carruthers VB Suzuki Y. Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the brain. Schizophr Bull 2007 33 : 745 751.
27. Szelényi J. Cytokines and the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2001 54 : 329 338.
28. Suzuki Y, Claflin J, Wang X, Lengi A Kikuchi T. Microglia and macrophages as innate producers of interferon-γ in the brain following infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 2005 35 : 83 90.
29. Fischer HG, Nitzgen B, Reichmann G Hadding U. Cytokine responses induced by Toxoplasma gondii in astrocytes and microglial cells. Eur J Immunol 1997 27 : 1539 1548.
30. Girard M, Ayed Z, Preux PM, et al. In vitro induction of nitric oxide synthase in astrocytes and microglia by Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Parasite Immunol 2000 22 : 7 12.
31. Alvarez JI, Colegial CH, Castano CA, Trujillo J, Teale JM Restrepo BI. The human nervous tissue in proximity to granulomatous lesions induced by Taenia solium metacestodes displays an active response. J Neuroimmunol 2002 127 : 139 144.
32. Quan N, Mhlanga JDM, Whiteside MB, McCoy AN, Kristensson K Herkenham M. Chronic over expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathology in the brains of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei. J Comp Neurol 1999 414 : 114 130.
33. Grau GE, Fajardo LF, Piguet PF, Allet B, Lambert PH Vassalli P. Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) as an essential mediator in murine cerebral malaria. Science 1987 237 : 1210 1212.
34. Oitzl MS, van Oers H, Schobitz B de Kloet ER. Interleukin-1 β, but not interleukin-6, impairs spatial navigation learning. Brain Res 1993 613 : 160 163.