The effects of l-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood

Biological Psychology

Volumn 77, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 113-122

  Haskell, Crystal F ^a   Kennedy, David O ^a   Milne, Anthea L ^a   Wesnes, Keith A ^a,b   Scholey, Andrew B ^a  

^a NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Harvard Medical School   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Attention; Caffeine; Cognition; Humans; l Theanine; Memory; Mood; Tea

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; CAFFEINE; THEANINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; ALERTNESS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG ISOLATION; DRUG SALIVA LEVEL; DYSTHYMIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MOOD; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING SCALE; REACTION TIME; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; VISUAL INFORMATION; WORD RECOGNITION; WORKING MEMORY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFFECT; ATTENTION; CAFFEINE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; COGNITION; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG INTERACTIONS; FEMALE; GLUTAMATES; HEADACHE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MENTAL FATIGUE; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; SALIVA; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 38349101290     PISSN: 03010511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Bond A., and Lader M. The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. British Journal of Psychology 47 (1974) 211-218
2. Evans S.M., and Griffiths R.R. Caffeine withdrawal: a parametric analysis of caffeine dosing conditions. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 289 (1999) 285-294
3. Fredholm B.B., Battig K., Holmen J., Nehlig A., and Zvartau E.E. Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacological Reviews 51 (1999) 83-133
4. Gilbert R.M. Caffeine consumption. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 158 (1984) 185-213
5. Gomez-Ramirez M., Higgins B.A., Rycroft J.A., Owen G.N., Mahoney J., Shpaner M., and Foxe J.J. The deployment of intersensory selective attention: a high-density electrical mapping study of the effects of theanine. Clinical Neuropharmacology 30 (2007) 25-38
6. Haskell C.F., Kennedy D.O., Wesnes K.A., and Scholey A.B. Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine. Psychopharmacology 179 (2005) 813-825
7. Haskell C.F., Kennedy D.O., Wesnes K.A., Milne A.L., and Scholey A.B. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose evaluation of the acute behavioural effects of guarana in humans. Journal of Psychopharmacology 21 (2007) 65-70
8. Haskell, C.F., Kennedy, D.O., Wesnes, K.A., Milne, A.L., Scholey, A.B. Caffeine at levels found in decaffeinated beverages is behaviourally active. Appetite, in press.
9. Hindmarch I., Rigney U., Stanley N., Quinlan P., Rycroft J., and Lane J. A naturalistic investigation of the effects of day-long consumption of tea, coffee and water on alertness, sleep onset and sleep quality. Psychopharmacology 149 (2000) 203-216
10. Kakuda T., Nozawa A., Unno T., Okamura N., and Okai O. Inhibiting effects of theanine on caffeine stimulation evaluated by EEG in the rat. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 64 (2000) 287-293
11. Kennedy D.O., Scholey A.B., and Wesnes K.A. Modulation of cognition and mood following administration of single doses of Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and a ginkgo/ginseng combination to healthy young adults. Physiology and Behavior 75 (2002) 739-751
12. Kennedy D.O., Wake G., Savelev S., Tildesley N.T., Perry E.K., Wesnes K.A., and Scholey A.B. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding properties. Neuropsychopharmacology 28 (2003) 1871-1881
13. Kimura R., and Murata T. Influence of alkylamides of glutamic acid and related compounds on the central nervous. I: Central depressant effect of theanine. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 19 (1971) 1257-1261
14. Kimura K., Ozeki M., Juneja L.R., and Ohira H. l-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biological Psychology 74 (2007) 39-45
15. Kobayashi K., Nagato Y., Aoi N., Juneja L.R., Kim M., Yamamoto T., and Sugimoto S. Effects of l-theanine on the release of a-brain waves in human volunteers. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 72 (1998) 153-157
16. Lieberman H.R., Wurtman R.J., Emde G.G., Roberts C., and Coviella I.L.G. The effects of low doses of caffeine on human performance and mood. Psychopharmacology 92 (1987) 308-312
17. Lovallo W.R., Farag N.H., Vincent A.S., Thomas T.L., and Wilson M.F. Cortisol responses to mental stress, exercise, and meals following caffeine intake in men and women. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 83 (2006) 441-447
18. Lu K., Gray M.A., Oliver C., Liley D.T., Harrison B.J., Bartholomeusz C.F., Phan K.L., and Nathan P.J. The acute effects of l-theanine in comparison with alprazolam on anticipatory anxiety in humans. Human Psychopharmacology 19 (2004) 457-465
19. Mackay M., Tiplady B., and Scholey A.B. Interactions between alcohol and caffeine in relation to psychomotor speed and accuracy. Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental 17 (2002) 151-156
20. Okello E.J., Savelev S.U., and Perry E.K. In vitro anti-beta-secretase and dual anti-cholinesterase activities of Camellia sinensis L. (tea) relevant to treatment of dementia. Phytotherapy Research 18 (2004) 624-627
21. Quinlan P., Lane J., and Aspinall L. Effects of hot tea, coffee and water ingestion on physiological and mood: the role of caffeine, water and beverage type. Psychopharmacology 134 (1997) 164-173
22. Richardson N.J., Rogers P.J., Elliman N.A., and O'Dell R.J. Mood and performance effects of caffeine in relation to acute and chronic caffeine deprivation. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 52 (1995) 313-320
23. Rogers P.J., Martin J., Smith C., Heatherley S.V., and Smit H.J. Absence of reinforcing, mood and psychomotor performance effects of caffeine in habitual non-consumers of caffeine. Psychopharmacology 167 (2003) 54-62
24. Scholey A.B., and Fowles K.A. Retrograde enhancement of kinesthetic memory by alcohol and by glucose. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 78 (2002) 477-483
25. Scholey A.B., and Kennedy D.O. Cognitive and physiological effects of an energy drink: an evaluation of the whole drink and of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions. Psychopharmacology 176 (2004) 320-330
26. Scholey A.B., Moss M.C., Neave N., and Wesnes K.A. Cognitive performance, hyperoxia and heart rate following oxygen administration in healthy young adults. Physiology and Behavior 67 (1999) 783-789
27. Smith A. Effects of caffeine on human behaviour. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40 (2002) 1243-1255
28. Smith A., Sturgess W., and Gallagher J. Effects of a low dose of caffeine given in different drinks on mood and performance. Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental 14 (1999) 473-482
29. Smith A., Kendrick A., Maben A., and Salmon J. Effects of breakfast and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and cardiovascular functioning. Appetite 22 (1994) 39-55
30. Smith A., Brice C., Nash J., Rich N., and Nutt D.J. Caffeine and central noradrenaline: effects on mood, cognitive performance, eye movements and cardiovascular function. Journal of Psychopharmacology 17 (2003) 283-292
31. Spielberger C.D. State-trait anxiety and interactional psychology. In: Magnuson D., and Endler N.S. (Eds). Personality at the Crossroads: Current Issues in Interactional Psychology (1977), Hillsdale, LEA
32. Steptoe A., Gibson E.L., Vounonvirta R., Williams E.D., Hamer M., Rycroft J.A., Erusalimsky J.D., and Wardle J. The effects of tea on psychophysiological stress responsivity and post-stress recovery: a randomised double-blind trial. Psychopharmacology 190 (2007) 81-89
33. Warburton D.M. Effects of caffeine on cognition and mood without caffeine abstinence. Psychopharmacology 119 (1995) 66-70